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New York Regents Earth Science January 2018 Exam

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P.S./EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 25, 2018 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you have or use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. Use your knowledge of Earth science to answer all questions in this examination. Before you begin this examination, you must be provided with the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. You will need these reference tables to answer some of the questions. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record your answers on your answer sheet and in your answer booklet. A separate answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 has been provided to you. Follow the instructions from the proctor for completing the student information on your answer sheet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on this separate answer sheet. Record your answers for the questions in Part B 2 and Part C in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. All answers in your answer booklet should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the declaration printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science must be available for you to use while taking this examination. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. 6 Arrows in the diagram below show three methods of energy transfer labeled A, B, and C. 1 The deflection of Earth s planetary winds is an example of (1) the Coriolis effect (2) the Doppler effect (3) convection (4) gravitational pull 2 The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. Compared to the age of the solar system, the age of the universe is approximately (1) the same age as the solar system (2) two times older than the solar system (3) three times older than the solar system (4) four times older than the solar system B A C 3 Planets that are closest to the Sun are identified as (1) low-density Jovian (2) low-density terrestrial (3) high-density Jovian (4) high-density terrestrial Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer processes A, B, and C? (1) A conduction (3) A convection B convection B radiation C radiation C conduction (2) A convection (4) A conduction B conduction B radiation C radiation C convection 4 Which process of the water cycle occurs when water absorbs 2260 Joules of heat energy per gram? (1) melting of ice (2) condensation of water vapor (3) evaporation of water (4) freezing of water 7 What is the relative humidity of the air when the dry-bulb temperature is 4 C and the dewpoint is 4 C? (1) 42% (3) 51% (2) 46% (4) 56% 5 In which temperature zone of Earth s atmosphere is the polar jet stream located? (1) lower thermosphere (2) lower mesosphere (3) upper stratosphere (4) upper troposphere P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [2] 8 The diagram below represents the light spectra given off by the same element as observed under two different conditions. Spectrum A was observed when that element was heated in a laboratory. Spectrum B shows the same element as seen in the light from a distant star. Spectrum A: (laboratory) Violet Red Violet Red Spectrum B: (distant star) The light spectrum observed from this distant star shows a (1) red shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth (2) red shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth (3) blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth (4) blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth 9 The diagrams below represent the constellations seen by an observer in New York State while looking toward the southern horizon at midnight on July 9 and January 8. Lyra Leo Cygnus Gemini Aquila Auriga Taurus Canis Minor Orion Capricornus Sagittarius Scorpius Canis Major Southern horizon January 8 Southern horizon July 9 Which motion is mainly responsible for the difference in the constellations visible at midnight on these two dates? (1) The Sun orbits Earth. (3) The stars in the constellations orbit Earth. (2) Earth orbits the Sun. (4) Earth orbits the stars in the constellations. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [3] [OVER] 14 Ocean gyres in the Northern Hemisphere consist of a number of surface ocean currents that, together, generally flow clockwise in a roughly circular pattern. Which list contains three warm surface ocean currents that make up most of the North Atlantic Ocean gyre? (1) Kuroshio Current, North Pacific Current, and California Current (2) Canary Current, North Equatorial Current, and Equatorial Countercurrent (3) Labrador Current, North Atlantic Current, and East Greenland Current (4) North Equatorial Current, Gulf Stream Current, and North Atlantic Current Altitude Altitude 10 Which graph best shows the general relationship between air pressure and altitude? Air Pressure (3) Altitude Altitude Air Pressure (1) Air Pressure (2) 15 Most of the oceanic oxygen that began to enter Earth s atmosphere in the early Proterozoic Era was probably produced by (1) formation of silicate rocks (2) photosynthesis by cyanobacteria (3) impact events on Earth s surface (4) outgassing from volcanoes Air Pressure (4) 11 Most clouds form in the atmosphere when moist air (1) rises, expands, and cools to the dewpoint (2) rises, expands, and warms to the dewpoint (3) sinks, compresses, and cools to the dewpoint (4) sinks, compresses, and warms to the dewpoint 16 During which geologic period did plants and animals first appear in land environments? (1) Cambrian (3) Silurian (2) Ordovician (4) Devonian 12 Equal areas of which surface would absorb the greatest amount of insolation on a sunny day? (1) light-colored, smooth surface (2) light-colored, rough surface (3) dark-colored, smooth surface (4) dark-colored, rough surface 17 Sedimentary rock layers that were deposited between 488 million and 444 million years ago are found on the surface at which two New York State locations? (1) Ithaca and Jamestown (2) Utica and Syracuse (3) Oswego and Old Forge (4) Albany and Massena 13 Which natural event periodically weakens western surface ocean currents in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, resulting in a change in air temperature and precipitation patterns in the United States? (1) El Nin o (3) ocean tides (2) transpiration (4) volcanic eruptions P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 18 A volcanic ash layer is a good geologic time marker for correlating rock layers because the ash layer was deposited over a (1) limited geographic area over a short time (2) limited geographic area over a long time (3) wide geographic area over a short time (4) wide geographic area over a long time [4] 19 The photograph below shows the results of a landslide. This landslide is an example of (1) wind abrasion (2) glacial deposition (3) wave action (4) mass movement 20 Which cross section correctly represents a cold front and the air-mass movements associated with this front? Earth s surface Front al b ou Warm air mass ary nd Cold air mass y ar nd u o lb a t Warm air on Fr mass Earth s surface (1) l nta o Fr Earth s surface (3) ry da n u Cold air bo mass Front al b ou Cold air mass Warm air mass Earth s surface (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 ary nd Warm air mass Cold air mass (4) [5] [OVER] 25 The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the (1) arrival time of the first P-wave (2) difference in arrival times between P- and Swaves (3) distance to the epicenter (4) energy released by an earthquake 21 Earth s interior at a depth of 3500 kilometers is believed to be (1) liquid at a temperature of approximately 4900 C (2) solid at a temperature of approximately 4900 C (3) liquid at a temperature of approximately 5400 C (4) solid at a temperature of approximately 5400 C 26 The Genesee River flows across both the Allegheny Plateau and the Erie-Ontario Lowlands in New York State. This river flows (1) northward, in the same general direction as the Hudson River (2) northward, in the same general direction as the Niagara River (3) southward, in the same general direction as the Hudson River (4) southward, in the same general direction as the Niagara River 22 Compared to the density and composition of the oceanic crust, the continental crust is (1) less dense and more mafic (2) less dense and more felsic (3) more dense and less mafic (4) more dense and less felsic 23 An earthquake occurs at 10:05 a.m. At 10:09 a.m., the first P-wave from this earthquake is detected at a seismic station. Approximately how many kilometers (km) from the epicenter is this seismic station located? (1) 1000 km (3) 2600 km (2) 2000 km (4) 5600 km 27 What is the name of the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 100 centimeters per second (cm/s)? (1) silt (3) pebbles (2) sand (4) cobbles 28 Which mineral is commonly used as an abrasive? (1) garnet (3) sulfur (2) halite (4) graphite 24 The aerial photograph below shows two streams that have been displaced by tectonic movement along the San Andreas fault. The arrows show the relative direction of movement along the fault. 29 If a metamorphic rock bubbles when a drop of acid is placed on its surface, the rock is most likely (1) schist (3) marble (2) slate (4) quartzite Fault This movement occurred along which type of plate boundary? (1) convergent (3) transform (2) divergent (4) complex P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [6] 30 The map below shows a portion of the coast of Texas. Letter X indicates features formed by wave action. Texas X Gulf of Mexico N What is the name of the features indicated by letter X? (1) barrier islands (3) deltas (2) island arc (4) moraines 31 The diagrams below represent the crystal shape and type of cleavage of two different minerals. Crystal shape: cubic Cleavage: three directions all at right angles Crystal shape: rhombohedral Cleavage: three directions not at right angles The crystal shape and type of cleavage of these two minerals are determined mainly by the minerals (1) color and type of luster (3) composition and atomic arrangement (2) streak and hardness (4) density and magnetism P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [7] [OVER] 32 The block diagram below represents a meandering stream. Outside of the curve Inside of the curve Which table indicates where the greatest stream velocity and the greatest rate of stream erosion occur? Greatest Stream Velocity Greatest Stream Erosion Greatest Stream Velocity Greatest Stream Erosion outside of the curve outside of the curve inside of the curve inside of the curve (1) (3) Greatest Stream Velocity Greatest Stream Erosion Greatest Stream Velocity Greatest Stream Erosion outside of the curve inside of the curve inside of the curve outside of the curve (2) (4) 33 The diagram below represents the size and shape of a pebble. This pebble and 20 other pebbles having a similar size and shape were placed in a rock tumbler with water and allowed to abrade for five days. Pebble Which diagram best represents the size and shape of this pebble after the five-day period? (1) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 (2) (3) (4) [8] 34 The photograph below shows bedrock composed of sediments that have been deposited by wind. This bedrock is most likely (1) sandstone (2) limestone (3) hornfels (4) granite 35 Which diagram below best represents both the relative wavelength of visible light entering a house through a window and the relative wavelength of infrared rays being given off by a table within the house? y d re ra a Table r Inf y Visible light d re ra a Table r Inf Window Window (1) Table ay dr e r ra Inf (3) Visible light Table ay dr e r ra Inf Window Visible light Window (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 Visible light (4) [9] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the maps below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The maps show a portion of India and Southeast Asia, bordering on the Indian Ocean, during the winter and summer monsoon seasons. Large areas of high and low air pressure are shown during each season. Winter Monsoon Low Summer Monsoon High Low India India Low High High 36 Which two-letter symbol represents the most likely air mass formed over portions of the Indian Ocean shown on the maps? (1) mP (3) cP (2) mT (4) cT 37 The heavy monsoon rains affecting India and Southeast Asia occur during (1) winter, when winds blow from the land (2) winter, when winds blow toward the high pressure (3) summer, when winds blow from the ocean (4) summer, when winds blow toward the high pressure P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [10] Base your answers to questions 38 through 40 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the closest distance between Earth and Mars during each year from 2001 to 2035. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU). One AU equals the average distance from Earth to the Sun. Closest Distance Each Year Between Earth and Mars 0.8 Distance (AU) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 Year 38 Mars reaches its closest distance to Earth approximately every (1) 16 years (3) 3 years (2) 8 years (4) 0.36 years 39 How many million kilometers is one astronomical unit? (1) 108.2 million km (3) 227.9 million km (2) 149.6 million km (4) 377.5 million km 40 The diagram below represents the positions of Earth and Mars in their orbits around the Sun when they were closest in the year 2003. Mars Sun Earth (Not drawn to scale) Which diagram represents the positions of Earth and Mars approximately one-half of an Earth year (183 days) later? Mars Mars Sun Sun Sun Sun Earth Earth (3) (4) Mars Earth Earth Mars (1) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 (2) [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 41 through 44 on the three Sun s path diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent the position of the noon Sun along its apparent daily path as seen by an observer on the first day of three consecutive months (X, Y, and Z). The observer was located in Utica, New York. Noon Sun 42 Noon Sun 35 W S Observer Noon Sun 50 W N Observer S W N S Observer E E E Month X Month Y Month Z N 41 Which dates are represented by months X, Y, and Z? (1) X-February 1, Y-March 1, Z-April 1 (3) X-August 1, Y-September 1, Z-October 1 (2) X-May 1, Y-June 1, Z-July 1 (4) X-November 1, Y-December 1, Z-January 1 42 Which characteristic of the Sun s apparent daily path stays constant from month X to month Z? (1) locations of sunrise and sunset (2) altitude of the noon Sun (3) length of time that the Sun moves along its apparent path (4) rate of the Sun s movement along its apparent path 43 For an observer in the Southern Hemisphere at 43 S latitude, the highest altitude of the noon Sun occurs when the Sun is above the (1) eastern horizon (3) northern horizon (2) western horizon (4) southern horizon 44 Position A represents the position of the Sun at another time of day during month Z. What is the time of day when the Sun is at position A? Noon Sun 50 Position A W Observer S E Month Z (1) 1 p.m. (2) 5 p.m. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 (3) 7 a.m. (4) 11 a.m. [12] N Base your answers to questions 45 through 47 on the geologic cross section of a portion of Earth s crust shown below and on your knowledge of Earth science. None of the rock units has been overturned. Key Gabbro Granite Contact metamorphism 45 The youngest rock unit shown in the cross section is (1) breccia (3) sandstone (2) conglomerate (4) shale 46 Which process most probably produced the irregularly shaped boundary between the limestone and the shale? (1) folding (3) contact metamorphism (2) faulting (4) erosion 47 Which sequence shows the relative ages of the gabbro, granite, and schist from oldest to youngest? (1) gabbro granite schist (3) schist granite gabbro (2) gabbro schist granite (4) schist gabbro granite P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 48 through 50 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the landscape features and rock units of the Grand Canyon region in the southwestern United States. The names and ages of some rock formations are shown. Red Butte Kaibab Plateau Coconino Hermit PERMIAN Supai Redwall Cliffs MISSISSIPPIAN Redwall Muav Bright Angel Tapeats Algo nkia nW umo Diab edge Qua ase rtzite Shin Colorado River Vishnu Schist CAMBRIAN Zoroaster Granite PRECAMBRIAN Vishnu Schist 48 Which agent of erosion is mainly responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon? (1) running water (3) wind (2) glacial ice (4) wave action 49 Approximately how many million years ago (mya) was the Coconino sandstone deposited as sediment? (1) 180 mya (3) 330 mya (2) 275 mya (4) 495 mya 50 If the climate of the Grand Canyon region became more humid, the rate of weathering and erosion would most likely (1) decrease, and the landscape features would become more rounded (2) decrease, and the landscape features would become more angular (3) increase, and the landscape features would become more rounded (4) increase, and the landscape features would become more angular P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [14] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 51 and 52 on the diagram and data table below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the laboratory materials used for an investigation of the effects of particle size on water retention. Five separate columns were filled to the same level with particles. The particle type is indicated for each column. The particles within each column are of uniform shape. A volume of 50 milliliters (mL) of water was poured through each column, and the amount of water retained was determined. The data table shows the results of this experiment. Coarse pebbles Screen Fine pebbles Screen Coarse sand Empty beaker Empty beaker Silt Screen Fine sand Screen Empty beaker Empty beaker Empty beaker Screen (Not drawn to scale) Water Retention Particle Type (size) Water Retained (mL) Coarse pebbles 7 Fine pebbles 15 Coarse sand 32 Fine sand 38 Silt 46 51 Describe the general relationship between particle size and the amount of water retained. [1] 52 Name the particle type used in the investigation that most likely had the greatest permeability when the 50 milliliters of water were poured through these columns. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [15] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 53 through 55 on the passage and the Characteristics of Stars graph below, and your knowledge of Earth science. Letters A, B, and C represent main sequence stars on the graph. The giant star Aldebaran is also shown. Globular Star Clusters Globular star clusters appear as small, hazy spots among the other stars. These clusters are groups of hundreds of thousands of stars held together by gravity. Individual stars within a cluster can be seen by using powerful telescopes, allowing scientists to determine their luminosities and temperatures. All of the stars in a given cluster formed at the same time. In young clusters, most of the stars are classified as main sequence stars. As the stars in a cluster age, they eventually use up their core hydrogen and expand, changing from main sequence stars to giants. The most massive main sequence stars become supergiants. The less massive a star is in the cluster, the longer it remains a main sequence star. Over time, the number of main sequence stars in a cluster decreases. Characteristics of Stars 1,000,000 Massive Stars Luminosity (Rate at which a star emits energy relative to the Sun) 100,000 SUPERGIANTS (Intermediate stage) 10,000 A GIANTS 1,000 (Intermediate stage) Aldebaran 100 MA (Ea IN S 10 rly B sta EQ ge UE ) 1 NC E C 0.1 0.01 WHITE DWARFS (Late stage) 0.001 Small Stars 0.0001 30,000 20,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 Surface Temperature (K) Blue Blue White White Color P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [16] Yellow Orange Red 2,000 53 Compared to the relative amount of time that star A remains in the main sequence, state how the relative amount of time that star C remains in the main sequence is different. Explain why this amount of time is different. [1] 54 The globular star cluster containing stars A, B, and C is located in the same galaxy as our Sun. Identify the name of this galaxy. [1] 55 Identify the nuclear process that uses up a star s core hydrogen and produces the energy released by stars in a globular cluster. [1] Base your answers to questions 56 through 58 on the topographic map in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. Points A and B represent locations on Earth s surface. Elevations are shown in feet. The 50-ft and 55-ft contour lines are not shown on the map. 56 On the map in your answer booklet, draw the 50-ft and 55-ft contour lines. The contour lines must extend to the edges of the map. [1] 57 Calculate the gradient between points A and B. [1] 58 Identify the general compass direction toward which Ames Stream flows. Describe the contour line evidence shown on the map that supports your answer. [1] Base your answers to questions 59 through 61 on the map in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows an imaginary continent on a planet that has climate conditions similar to Earth. The continent is surrounded by oceans. Points A through D represent locations on the continent. 59 On the map in your answer booklet, draw one curved arrow between 0 and 30 N to indicate the direction of prevailing planetary winds between these latitudes. [1] 60 Compared to the average air temperature and the average moisture conditions at A, describe how the relative average air temperature and the relative average moisture conditions at B are different. [1] 61 Identify the primary factor that causes location C to have a colder climate than location D. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 62 through 65 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows areas of daylight and darkness in New York State on March 21. Six locations are labeled on the map. 75 74 73 45 76 44 Watertown 79 78 77 43 43 Syracuse Buffalo Albany Slide Mt. Elmira 42 79 78 77 42 76 N Daytime-Nighttime boundary 41 75 74 73 62 Identify the Earth motion that causes the daytime-nighttime boundary to appear to move. [1] 63 State the number of hours of nighttime that people in Syracuse will experience on March 21. [1] 64 State the name of the location labeled on this map where sunset will next be observed after Syracuse. [1] 65 State the altitude of Polaris as seen by an observer on Slide Mountain. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [18] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (66 85): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 66 through 68 on the map and passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows isolines that represent the thickness of a portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet in meters (m). Letters A and B represent points on the ice sheet s surface. Thickness of Greenland Ice Sheet Greenland Sea Baffin Bay 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2500 2000 1500 0 100 500 0 A B N Greenland Ice Sheet The Greenland Ice Sheet is a vast body of ice covering roughly 80 percent of the surface of Greenland. The ice sheet is almost 2400 kilometers long in a north-south direction. The ice sheet, consisting of layers of snow compressed over more than 100,000 years, contains a valuable record about Earth s past climates. The ice sheet glaciers continue to flow seaward and deposit sediment, but global warming has affected them. Warmer air temperatures have caused increased melting, resulting in a thinning of the ice sheet and faster glacial movement at the ice sheet edges. 66 On the grid in your answer booklet, construct a profile along line AB by plotting the thickness of the ice sheet where each isoline crosses line AB. Thicknesses of the ice sheet at A and B have been plotted on the grid. Connect all twelve plots with a line from A to B to complete the profile. [1] 67 Describe one glacial feature that could be found on the exposed surface bedrock of Greenland that would indicate the direction that the ice moved. [1] 68 Identify two major greenhouse gases that are inferred to contribute to global warming and increased temperatures in Greenland. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [19] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 69 through 71 on the data table below, on the graph in your answer booklet, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the percentage of the stable disintegration product produced over time by the radioactive decay of isotope X after each half-life. The graph shows the percentage of radioactive isotope X remaining over time during the radioactive decay of isotope X. Disintegration Product of Isotope X Percentage of Stable Disintegration Product (%) Time (years) Number of Half-Lives 0 0 0 50 5700 1 75 11,400 2 87.5 17,100 3 93.75 22,800 4 69 On the graph in your answer booklet, plot the percentage of stable disintegration product for each of the times shown on the data table and connect all five plots with a line. [1] 70 Determine the number of years (y) it takes for only 25% of radioactive isotope X to remain in a sample. [1] 71 Identify radioactive isotope X and its stable disintegration product. [1] Base your answers to questions 72 through 75 on the diagram in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents two positions of the Moon as it orbits Earth. Positions 1 and 2 are on opposite sides of Earth. Point C represents the location of a crater on the Moon s surface when the Moon is at position 1. 72 On the diagram in your answer booklet, draw a dot ( ) on the Moon at position 2 to indicate the location of crater C when the Moon is at position 2. [1] 73 On the diagram in your answer booklet, place an X on the Moon s orbit to indicate the position of the Moon when a lunar eclipse could be viewed from Earth. [1] 74 Determine the number of days needed for the Moon to move from position 1 to position 2, completing one-half of its orbit. [1] 75 On the diagram in your answer booklet, shade the portion of the Moon that is in darkness as viewed from New York State when the Moon is at position 1. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [20] Base your answers to questions 76 through 78 on the weather map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. On the weather map, the location of the center of a high-pressure system (H) and a front are shown. Isobar values are labeled in millibars (mb). Weather station models represent the weather conditions at Atlanta, Georgia, and Tampa, Florida. 12 10 1024 H 10 24 101 6 1028 58 48 232 Atlanta 1020 75 73 171 Tampa N 1016 76 Complete the table in your answer booklet with the actual weather conditions represented by the weather station model at Atlanta, Georgia. [1] 77 Identify the type of front shown on the map. [1] 78 Describe one piece of evidence shown on the map that indicates that Tampa, Florida, has a high probability of precipitation. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 79 through 81 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the surface location of a tectonic plate boundary along the western coast of South America. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is also shown. Points A through D represent locations on Earth s surface. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean South America Su rfa ce A C D Plate Mid-Atlantic Ridge B Bounda ry N 79 Identify the names of the tectonic plates at locations A and B. [1] 80 Compared to the relative age of the surface oceanic bedrock at location C, state the relative age of the surface oceanic bedrock at location D. Explain why this difference in relative age occurs. [1] 81 Identify the term for the large ocean wave produced by offshore earthquakes that is hazardous to humans living along the west coast of South America. Describe one emergency action that should be taken to avoid loss of life when a warning for an approaching large wave has been given. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [22] Base your answers to questions 82 through 85 on the flowchart below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Letters A through D represent information that is missing in the chart. Rock Sedimentary Igneous A Texture Texture Texture Clastic Bioclastic Crystalline Fine B Foliated Nonfoliated Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Sandstone C Rock salt Basalt Gabbro Phyllite D 82 Complete the table in your answer booklet by writing the missing information represented by letters A through D. [1] 83 Identify the two elements that make up the chemical composition of the mineral in rock salt. [1] 84 The pie graph below shows the percentages of four minerals that compose the igneous rock gabbro. Letter X represents one of the minerals. X Pyroxene Amphibole Olivine Identify the mineral represented by letter X in the graph. [1] 85 Identify the name of one foliated rock formed when phyllite undergoes increased heat and pressure. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [23] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 25, 2018 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grade . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers for Part B 2 and Part C in this booklet. Part B 2 51 52 53 Relative time for star C: Explanation: 54 55 56 65 63 70 68 70 55 Am 53 es St ream 66 48 50 58 60 47 52 56 64 48 60 61 50 53 Bethany Lake 57 57 64 53 47 60 65 50 63 B 54 49 56 60 55 62 50 53 48 A Contour interval = 5 feet 57 N 0 0.5 1.0 ft/mi 58 Compass direction: Evidence: P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [2] 1.5 2.0 miles 59 60 N 60 N 30 N 0 A B 30 N C D 0 30 S 30 S Key Mountains 60 S 60 S Prevailing winds 60 Relative average air temperature at B: Relative average moisture conditions at B: 61 62 63 h 64 65 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [3] [OVER] Part C 66 Thickness of Ice Sheet (m) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 A B 67 68 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 and _________________________________________ [4] 69 Radioactive Decay of X 100 90 Percentage of Element (%) 80 70 60 50 40 Ra 30 20 d io ac tiv ei so t ope X 10 0 5700 0 11,400 17,100 22,800 Time (years) 70 y 71 Radioactive isotope X: Stable disintegration product: P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [5] [OVER] 72 73 Position 1 C Sun s rays North Pole Position 2 (Not drawn to scale) 74 d 75 76 Atlanta, Georgia Weather Variable Actual Value Air temperature F Barometric pressure mb Wind speed Wind direction 77 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 knots from the front [6] 78 79 Location A: Plate Location B: Plate 80 Relative age at location D: Explanation: 81 Term for large ocean wave: Emergency action: 82 Letter Missing Information A B C D 83 and _________________________________________ 84 85 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 18 [7] P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Printed on Recycled Paper P.S./EARTH SCIENCE FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION P.S. E.S.PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 25, 2018 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 2 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ and select the link Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents Examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part A 1 ......1...... 10 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 2 ......3...... 11 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 3 ......4...... 12 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 4 ......3...... 13 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 5 ......4...... 14 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 6 ......2...... 15 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 7 ......4...... 16 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 8 ......1...... 17 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 9 ......2...... 18 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . Part B 1 36 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 3 .. . . . . 39 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Do not attempt to correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. If the student s responses for the multiple-choice questions are being hand scored prior to being scanned, the scorer must be careful not to make any marks on the answer sheet except to record the scores in the designated score boxes. Marks elsewhere on the answer sheet will interfere with the accuracy of the scanning. Allow 1 credit for each correct response. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions on a student s paper. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score more than approximately one-half of the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Teachers may not score their own students answer papers. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. On the student s separate answer sheet, for each question, record the number of credits earned and the teacher s assigned rater/scorer letter. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given for a response. If the student gives more than one answer to a question, only the first answer should be rated. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. For hand scoring, raters should enter the scores earned in the appropriate boxes printed on the separate answer sheet. Next, the rater should add these scores and enter the total in the space provided. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be recorded in the space provided. Then the student s raw scores on the written test and the performance test should be converted to a scale score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Thursday, January 25, 2018. The student s scale score should be entered in the box labeled Scale Score on the student s answer sheet. The scale score is the student s final examination score. Schools are not permitted to rescore any of the open-ended questions on this exam after each question has been rated once, regardless of the final exam score. Schools are required to ensure that the raw scores have been added correctly and that the resulting scale score has been determined accurately. Because scale scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one administration to another, it is crucial that, for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [2] Part B 2 Allow a maximum of 15 credits for this part. To ensure the accuracy of overlays, select a printer setting such as full, actual size or 100% when printing this document. Do not select the fit to page setting. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As particle size decreases, the amount of water retained increases. The smaller particles retained more water. Larger particles retain less water. inverse relationship 52 [1] Allow 1 credit for coarse pebbles. Note: Do not allow credit for pebbles alone. (This is not specific enough for choosing an answer from the data table.) 53 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Relative time for star C: stays in main sequence longer greater amount of time/more time Star A leaves the main sequence sooner. Explanation: Star C is less massive/smaller. It is cooler. Star C uses up its core hydrogen more slowly. Star A is more massive/larger. The less massive a star is in the cluster, the longer it remains a main sequence star. 54 [1] Allow 1 credit for Milky Way or Milky Way galaxy. 55 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: nuclear fusion fusion Hydrogen atoms combine to form helium. Lighter elements change into a heavier element. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [3] 56 [1] Allow 1 credit for correctly drawing both the 50-ft and 55-ft contour lines to the edges of the map. Note: Allow credit even if the student s lines do not make a V-shape when the stream is crossed. If additional contour lines are drawn, all must be correctly drawn to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: 65 63 70 68 70 55 Am 53 es St ream 66 48 50 58 60 47 52 56 64 48 60 61 50 53 Bethany Lake 57 57 64 53 47 60 65 50 63 B 54 49 56 60 55 62 50 53 48 A Contour interval = 5 feet N 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 miles 57 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 3.87 to 4.14 ft/mi or any value from 3.87 to 4.14 ft/mi. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [4] 58 [1] Allow 1 credit if both the compass direction and evidence are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Compass direction: southeast/SE east ESE Evidence: The stream flows from a higher contour line elevation in the west to a lower contour line elevation in the east. Contour lines bend upstream when they cross a stream; streams flow in the opposite direction. Contour lines make a V-shape that points uphill where they cross a stream/law of the Vs. The contour lines point uphill. Streams flow out of the open end of the Vs. This stream flows from a higher elevation to a lower elevation. Note: Do not allow credit for water flows downhill because this does not indicate how contour lines show stream direction. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit for an arrow drawn curving to the right from northeast to southwest between 30 N and 0 . Note: If more than one curved arrow is drawn, all must be correctly drawn to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: 60 N 60 N 30 N A 0 B 30 N C D 30 S 0 30 S Key Mountains 60 S P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 60 S [5] Prevailing winds 60 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Relative average air temperature at B: warmer hotter higher Relative average moisture conditions at B: drier less moist/less humid more arid lower/less 61 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: elevation altitude height above sea level Location C is on the top of a mountain. Location D is at a lower elevation. C is located in the mountains. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Earth s rotation spinning/turning on an axis rotation 63 [1] Allow 1 credit for 12 h. 64 [1] Allow 1 credit for Elmira. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit for 42 . Note: Do not allow credit if a compass direction is given (e.g., 42 N or 42 N) because that indicates latitude, not altitude. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [6] Part C Allow a maximum of 20 credits for this part. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all ten student plots are located within or touch the rectangles shown below and all twelve plots are correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches the rectangles from point A to point B. The high point of the line must extend above 3000 m, but below 3500 m. Note: Allow credit if the student-drawn line does not pass through the student plots, but is still within or touches the rectangles. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Example of a 1-credit response: Thickness of Ice Sheet (m) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 A B 67 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: parallel scratches/striations on the bedrock surface grooves in the bedrock drumlin glacial erratics finger-shaped lakes moraines U-shaped valleys outwash plains eskers P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [7] 68 [1] Allow 1 credit if both gases are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: carbon dioxide or CO2 methane or CH4 water vapor or H2O(g) ozone or O3 nitrous oxide or N2O chlorofluorocarbons/CFCs 69 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all five plots are within or touch the circles shown and are correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches each circle. Note: Allow credit if the student-drawn line does not pass through the student plots, but is still within or touches the circles. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Example of a 1-credit response: Radioactive Decay of X 100 90 Percentage of Element (%) 80 70 60 50 40 Ra 30 d io ac 20 tiv ei so t ope X 10 0 0 5700 11,400 Time (years) P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [8] 17,100 22,800 70 [1] Allow 1 credit for 11,400 y. 71 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Radioactive isotope: Carbon-14/C-14 14C Stable disintegration product: Nitrogen-14/N-14 14N 14C 14N Note: Do not allow credit for carbon and nitrogen alone because these elements have more than one isotope, and the specific radioactive isotope and stable disintegration product are needed. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [9] 72 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the dot is located within or touches the clear banded area at position 2 shown below. Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than a dot is used. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. 73 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the student s X is within or touches the clear banded area on the Moon s orbit shown below. Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Example of a 2-credit response for questions 72 and 73: Position 1 C Sun s rays North Pole Position 2 (Not drawn to scale) 74 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 13 d to 14 d. 75 [1] Allow 1 credit if the student shades more than half of the Moon, leaving a lighted portion on the right edge as shown below. Examples of 1-credit responses: P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [10] 76 [1] Allow 1 credit if all four weather variables are correctly recorded, as shown below. Atlanta, Georgia Weather Variable Actual Value Air temperature 58 F Barometric pressure 1023.2 mb Wind speed 15 Wind direction knots from the northeast/NE or NNE or ENE 77 [1] Allow 1 credit for stationary front. 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The dewpoint and air temperature are close together./high relative humidity 100% cloud cover/overcast Tampa is close to a front. The air pressure is low. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Location A: Nazca Plate Location B: South American Plate 80 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Relative age at location D: younger more recent newer Explanation: New seafloor is forming at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge closer to D. Location C is farther from an ocean ridge. Surface oceanic bedrock moves away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge after forming. Convection currents carry older rock away from the ridge as new crust forms. Magma coming from the rift s volcanoes forms new basalt. New sea floor forms at a divergent boundary. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [11] 81 [1] Allow 1 credit for tsunami and an acceptable emergency action. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Emergency action: Evacuate to higher ground. Go to higher floors in well-built structures. Leave beaches and low-lying land areas. Move inland/away from coast. Note: Do not accept tidal wave because a tsunami is not tidal in nature and is not caused by tides. 82 [1] Allow 1 credit if all four responses are correct as shown in the chart below. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Letter Missing Information A metamorphic B coarse C limestone or bituminous coal D anthracite coal or hornfels or quartzite or marble or metaconglomerate Note: Do not allow credit for coal alone for C or D because it is not specific enough. 83 [1] Allow 1 credit for sodium/Na and chlorine/Cl. 84 [1] Allow 1 credit for plagioclase feldspar or plagioclase. Note: Do not allow credit for feldspar alone because it is not specific enough. 85 [1] Allow 1 credit for schist or gneiss. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [12] Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science January 2018 Chart for Converting Total Test Raw Scores to Final Examination Scores (Scale Scores) The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the January 2018 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Thursday, January 25, 2018. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. Online Submission of Teacher Evaluations of the Test to the Department Suggestions and feedback from teachers provide an important contribution to the test development process. The Department provides an online evaluation form for State assessments. It contains spaces for teachers to respond to several specific questions and to make suggestions. Instructions for completing the evaluation form are as follows: 1. Go to http://www.forms2.nysed.gov/emsc/osa/exameval/reexameval.cfm. 2. Select the test title. 3. Complete the required demographic fields. 4. Complete each evaluation question and provide comments in the space provided. 5. Click the SUBMIT button at the bottom of the page to submit the completed form. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 [13] Map to Core Curriculum January 2018 Physical Setting/Earth Science Key Ideas/Performance Indicators Math Key Idea 1 Math Key Idea 2 Math Key Idea 3 Science Inquiry Key Idea 1 Science Inquiry Key Idea 2 Science Inquiry Key Idea 3 Question Numbers Part A Standard 1 Part B Part C 10, 21, 23, 27 39, 40, 57 38, 51 66, 69, 74 70, 84 3, 8, 11, 13, 14, 18, 31 65 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 62, 63 67, 78, 80 36, 39, 40, 45, 49, 53, 57, 59, 65 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35 Engineering Design Key Idea 1 Standard 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 Key Idea 6 78 81 Standard 6 10, 32 5, 6, 9, 17, 19, 20, 24, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 8, 9, 33 37, 43, 50, 53 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61 67, 80 66, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83 38, 43, 44, 64 70, 72, 73, 75 Standard 7 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 ESRT 2011 Edition (Revised) P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 18 68 81 Standard 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 62, 63, 64, 65 36, 37, 48, 50, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35 28, 29, 31, 34 Reference Tables 36, 39, 40, 45, 49, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 57, 59, 65 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35 [14] 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 66, 67, 68, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 82, 83, 84, 85 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85

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