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New York Regents Earth Science January 2016 Exam

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P.S./EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 28, 2016 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you have or use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. Use your knowledge of Earth science to answer all questions in this examination. Before you begin this examination, you must be provided with the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. You will need these reference tables to answer some of the questions. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record your answers on your answer sheet and in your answer booklet. A separate answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 has been provided to you. Follow the instructions from the proctor for completing the student information on your answer sheet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on this separate answer sheet. Record your answers for the questions in Part B 2 and Part C in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. All answers in your answer booklet should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the declaration printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice . . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science must be available for you to use while taking this examination. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. 4 Which characteristic of the planets in our solar system increases as the distance from the Sun increases? (1) equatorial diameter (2) eccentricity of orbit (3) period of rotation (4) period of revolution 1 The Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect both provide evidence of Earth s (1) revolution (3) tilted axis (2) rotation (4) elliptical orbit 2 When it is solar noon at a location at 75 W longitude, what is the solar time at a location at 120 W longitude? (1) 9 a.m. (3) 3 p.m. (2) 12 noon (4) 12 midnight 5 New York State s highest peak, Mt. Marcy, is located at approximately (1) 44 10 N 74 05 W (2) 44 05 N 73 55 W (3) 73 55 N 44 10 W (4) 74 05 N 44 05 W 3 The diagram below represents an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris. Polaris Zenith 6 The diagram below represents the orbital position of Earth on October 21. 37 53 October 21 Horizon Earth s orbit Sun X At which latitude is this observer located? (1) 16 N (3) 53 N (2) 37 N (4) 90 N (Not drawn to scale) Which Northern Hemisphere season is occurring when Earth reaches position X? (1) winter (3) summer (2) spring (4) fall P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [2] 9 According to astronomers, the age of the universe is estimated to be (1) 1.3 billion years (3) 7.9 billion years (2) 4.6 billion years (4) 13.8 billion years 7 The diagram below represents eight positions of the Moon in its orbit. C B D Earth E 10 Light from distant galaxies most likely shows a (1) red shift, indicating that the universe is expanding (2) red shift, indicating that the universe is contracting (3) blue shift, indicating that the universe is expanding (4) blue shift, indicating that the universe is contracting A North Pole Sun s rays F H G 11 Which gas is inferred to have been absent from Earth s atmosphere during the Early Archean Era? (1) carbon dioxide (3) oxygen (2) nitrogen (4) water vapor (Not drawn to scale) Why are high tides on Earth greatest when the Moon is in position A and in position E? (1) The Moon is closer to the Sun. (2) The Moon is closer to Earth. (3) The Moon, the Sun, and Earth are aligned. (4) The Moon is in the same phase at both locations. 12 How old is a bone that has 12.5% of the original amount of radioactive carbon-14 remaining? (1) 5,700 years (3) 17,100 years (2) 11,400 years (4) 22,800 years 13 Which weather instrument is most useful in measuring relative humidity? (1) barometer (3) psychrometer (2) anemometer (4) wind vane 8 The model below represents the apparent path of the Sun across the sky on March 21 as seen by an observer on Earth. Noon Sun Sun s apparent path 14 If the air temperature is 20 C and the relative humidity is 58%, what is the dewpoint? (1) 5 C (3) 15 C (2) 12 C (4) 38 C W Observer S E N 15 Equal areas of which type of Earth surface will absorb more insolation and radiate more energy back toward space in the same amount of time? (1) light colored and rough (2) dark colored and rough (3) light colored and smooth (4) dark colored and smooth Horizon At which latitude is the observer located? (1) 90 N (3) 23.5 N (2) 42 N (4) 0 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [3] [OVER] 20 Most scientists infer that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere are contributing to (1) decreased thickness of the troposphere (2) depletion of ozone (3) increased absorption of ultraviolet radiation (4) increased global temperatures 16 The map below shows the location of India and the Indian Ocean. Asia 30 N 30 N India 20 N Indian Ocean 10 N 21 The bedrock cross section below contains rock formations A, B, C, and D. The rock formations have not been overturned. 20 N Indian Ocean 10 N Which statement best describes the monsoon winds during the rainy season in India? (1) Warm, moist air flows from India to the Indian Ocean. (2) Warm, moist air flows from the Indian Ocean to India. (3) Cold, dry air flows from India to the Indian Ocean. (4) Cold, dry air flows from the Indian Ocean to India. A B C D 17 Which ocean current directly warms Western Europe? (1) North Atlantic Current (2) South Equatorial Current (3) Canary Current (4) Labrador Current Key Igneous rock Contact metamorphism Which sequence represents the relative ages of these rock formations, from oldest to youngest? (1) B A C D (2) B D C A (3) D C A B (4) D B A C 18 Which group of organisms survived mass extinctions that marked the ends of both the Paleozoic Era and the Mesozoic Era? (1) ammonoids (3) eurypterids (2) graptolites (4) gastropods 22 A volcanic ash layer between sedimentary rock layers is used by geologists to (1) determine Earth s absolute age (2) predict global warming (3) locate an earthquake epicenter (4) correlate widely separated rock formations 19 In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is most of Earth s outgoing terrestrial radiation? (1) infrared (3) ultraviolet (2) visible (4) x rays P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [4] 23 The satellite photograph below shows the Mississippi River entering into the Gulf of Mexico. Arrows show the direction of river flow. Gulf of Mexico This depositional feature in the Gulf of Mexico is best identified as (1) a delta (3) a barrier island (2) a sandbar (4) an outwash plain 26 How long after receiving the first P-wave from an earthquake centered 4000 kilometers away does a seismic station receive its first S-wave from the same earthquake? (1) 1 minute (2) 5 minutes 35 seconds (3) 7 minutes (4) 12 minutes 40 seconds 24 Examination of the fossil record shows a general tendency of organisms to become increasingly more complex through geologic time. This finding supports the theory that living things have undergone (1) metamorphism (3) radioactive decay (2) evolution (4) mass extinctions 25 Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the (1) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate (2) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate (3) Indian-Australian Plate and the Antarctic Plate (4) South American Plate and the North American Plate P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 27 Which evidence recorded at seismic stations following an earthquake supports the inference that Earth s interior changes from solid rock to molten iron and nickel at the mantle-core boundary? (1) P-waves arrive earlier than S-waves. (2) P-waves and S-waves are both recorded at all stations. (3) Only S-waves are recorded at all stations. (4) Only P-waves are recorded on the opposite side of Earth. [5] [OVER] 28 Which graph best indicates the densities of the planets in our solar system? 5 Density (g/cm3) 6 5 Density (g/cm3) 6 4 3 2 1 0 s cury Venu Mer 4 3 2 1 0 th Mars piter aturn ranus ptune S U Ju Ne Ear s cury Venu Mer th Mars piter aturn ranus ptune S U Ju Ne Ear (1) (3) 5 Density (g/cm3) 6 5 Density (g/cm3) 6 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 0 1 s cury Venu Mer 0 th Mars piter aturn ranus ptune S U Ju Ne Ear (2) s cury Venu Mer th Mars piter aturn ranus ptune S U Ju Ne Ear (4) 29 The diagram below represents cross sections of equal-size beakers A, B, and C filled with beads. A B C Which statement best compares the porosity in the three beakers? (1) Beaker A and beaker B have the same porosity, and beaker C has the least porosity. (2) Beaker A and beaker B have the same porosity, and beaker C has the greatest porosity. (3) Beaker B has the greatest porosity, beaker A has less porosity, and beaker C has the least porosity. (4) Beaker C has the greatest porosity, beaker B has less porosity, and beaker A has the least porosity. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [6] 30 On the map of the United States shown below, four lines have been drawn and labeled A, B, C, and D. D A B C 0 500 1000 1500 km The length of which line best represents the distance from Earth s surface to the top of the mesosphere? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 31 Four rock outcrops, labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4, found within the same plateau, are represented below. Index fossils found in some of the rock layers are shown. The rock layers have not been overturned. Outcrop 1 Outcrop 2 Which rock layer is the youngest? (1) sandstone in outcrop 1 (2) breccia in outcrop 2 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 Outcrop 3 Outcrop 4 (3) conglomerate in outcrop 3 (4) sandstone in outcrop 4 [7] [OVER] 32 The map below shows a position of the polar jet stream over North America in January. Je t st re a m Which map best shows the air-mass movements associated with this jet stream position? mP cP t s tr e a m Je Je mT t s tr e a m cT (1) (3) cT t s tr e a m Je Je mP mT t s tr e a m cP (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 (4) [8] ) on Earth s surface. Points A, B, C, 33 The topographic map below shows a depression contour line ( and D represent surface locations. Contour line elevations are in feet. 750 A B C D 740 740 73 0 N 0 73 Contour interval = 10 ft Which profile best shows the topography along line AD? 750 Elevation (ft) Elevation (ft) 750 740 730 A B C Distance 740 730 D A (1) 750 Elevation (ft) Elevation (ft) D (3) 750 740 730 A B C Distance D 740 730 A (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 B C Distance B C Distance D (4) [9] [OVER] 34 The map below shows part of a stream drainage pattern. 100 10 0 Which topographic map best shows the contour lines for this stream drainage pattern? 100 100 100 100 100 (1) (3) 100 10 100 100 0 100 (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 (4) [10] 35 The map below shows a portion of the western United States and Canada. Two cities in Canada, Vancouver and Winnipeg, are labeled on the map. Vancouver CANADA Winnipeg Pacific Ocean UNITED STATES Which graph best represents the average monthly air temperatures for Vancouver and Winnipeg? 70 60 30 20 ouv Van c 40 10 g ipe n n i W 0 40 30 20 10 g ipe n in W er 50 ouv 50 Van c 60 er 70 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A MJ J A S O N D Month Month (1) (3) 70 50 50 30 Win 40 20 10 r ve u o nc Va 0 40 30 20 10 er uv o nc Va nipe g 60 Win 60 nipe g 70 0 J F M A MJ J A S O N D Month (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 J F M A MJ J A S O N D Month (4) [11] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. Base your answers to questions 36 through 40 on the weather maps below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The weather maps show the eastern United States on two consecutive days. Some isobars are labeled in millibars (mb). Letter X represents a location on Earth s surface on December 8, 2009. December 8, 2009 at 7:00 a.m. HIGH 20 24 10 10 December 9, 2009 at 7:00 a.m. k Yor w e k Yor w e N N LOW HIGH 1024 984 988 992 10 996 20 100 0 x 100 4 N LOW 36 What was the barometric pressure for location X on December 8? (1) 1016 mb (3) 1008 mb (2) 1012 mb (4) 1004 mb P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [12] N 37 Which map best shows the general surface wind pattern around the high-pressure system on December 8? HIGH 102 24 HIGH 102 4 10 10 HIGH 102 4 10 20 24 HIGH 102 4 10 4 10 20 20 10 24 20 10 10 20 10 24 20 10 10 10 20 20 x x x x LOW LOW LOW LOW (1) (2) (3) (4) 38 In which direction did the high-pressure center move from December 8, 2009, to December 9, 2009? (1) southwest (3) northwest (2) southeast (4) northeast 39 Which type of front was located just south of New York City on December 9? (1) cold (3) stationary (2) warm (4) occluded 40 Which information shown on the weather maps best indicates that wind speeds in New York State were greater on December 9 than on December 8? (1) The isobars were closer together on December 9. (2) The fronts were closer together on December 9. (3) The air pressure over New York State was lower on December 9. (4) The air pressure over New York State was higher on December 9. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the cross-sectional model below and the table on the following page, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The model shows a reddish-orange supergiant star. The layers in the model indicate where new chemical elements are forming from existing elements as temperature and pressure conditions increase with depth within the star. In each layer, atomic nuclei of the existing chemical element combine to form the new elements shown to the right of the arrow. The table shows the chemical symbols and names of selected elements in the star. Reddish-orange supergiant star H He He C, O C Ne, Mg Ne O, Mg O Si, S Si Fe, Ni Fe/Ni Core Key Combines to form (Not drawn to scale) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [14] Elements in the Star Chemical Symbol Name H He C O Ne Mg Si S Fe Ni hydrogen helium carbon oxygen neon magnesium silicon sulfur iron nickel 41 Which process represented in the model is occurring in each layer of this star to produce the new chemical elements? (1) contact metamorphism (3) nuclear fusion (2) internal crystallization (4) radioactive decay 42 What is the approximate surface temperature of this star during this stage of development? (1) 3,200 K (3) 10,500 K (2) 6,000 K (4) 18,000 K 43 The luminosity of this star can best be described as (1) less than the luminosity of the Sun (2) greater than the luminosity of most stars in the main sequence (3) approximately the same luminosity as a white dwarf (4) approximately the same luminosity as Aldebaran P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [15] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 44 through 47 on the reading passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Roche Mouton e A roche mouton e is a glacial landscape feature produced as an advancing glacier slides over a hill of surface bedrock. As the glacier advances up the side of the hill, the surface bedrock is abraded and smoothed by rock fragments carried within the base of the glacial ice, creating a more gentle hillslope. As the glacier advances down the opposite side of the hill, chunks of bedrock are broken off and removed by the ice, a process called glacial quarrying (plucking), making this side of the hill steeper. The resulting hill resembles a drumlin, except it is often smaller and is composed of solid bedrock. 44 The formation of a roche mouton e by glaciers is best described as an example of (1) chemical weathering (3) sediment deposition (2) physical weathering (4) mass movement 45 Which side-view model best shows the direction of ice movement and the locations of glacial abrasion and glacial quarrying that form a roche mouton e? Key A = Glacial abrasion Q = Glacial quarrying Glacier with embedded rock fragments slides over bedrock Glacier with embedded rock fragments slides over bedrock A Q A Q Roche mouton e Roche mouton e (1) (3) Glacier with embedded rock fragments slides over bedrock Glacier with embedded rock fragments slides over bedrock Q A Q A Roche mouton e (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 Roche mouton e (4) [16] 46 A drumlin differs from a roche mouton e because a drumlin is (1) formed by glaciers (3) deposited by glacial meltwater (2) dome shaped (4) composed of loose sediments 47 The chunks of bedrock removed by glacial quarrying and transported by the glaciers most likely produce (1) terminal outwash plains (3) V-shaped valleys (2) kettle lake depressions (4) parallel scratches in surface bedrock GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 48 through 50 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the location of the Marcellus shale formation in New York State. The Marcellus Shale The Marcellus shale is a black shale formation that was formed during the Middle Devonian Period. The shale extends from New York State as far south as Alabama. The Marcellus shale is exposed at the surface in the northern Finger Lakes region, and is buried 2.1 kilometers below the surface along the New York-Pennsylvania border. Geologists estimate that the Marcellus shale contains hundreds of trillions of cubic feet of natural gas. Most of the Marcellus shale does not allow fluids (gases and liquids) to flow through the rock. In order to obtain the natural gas trapped in the rock, the shale is fractured. This hydraulic fracturing consists of drilling a well, then pumping in large amounts of water containing chemicals and sand under high pressure to create cracks in the gas-bearing rock. Although this process can allow the trapped gas to be removed from the shale, opponents of hydraulic fracturing argue that the chemicals used in the process may lead to groundwater contamination. Marcellus Shale Formation in New York State Key Marcellus shale area 48 In New York State, the Marcellus shale is generally found in which type of landscape region? (1) plain (3) mountains (2) plateau (4) lowlands 49 The reading passage states, Most of the Marcellus shale does not allow fluids (gases and liquids) to flow through the rock. This statement suggests that the Marcellus shale is (1) clastic (3) porous (2) coarse grained (4) impermeable 50 Why might people living near Elmira, New York, be opposed to energy companies using the hydraulic fracturing process? (1) It could lower their energy costs. (2) The injected water could cause flooding in the area. (3) There is the potential for the pollution of groundwater. (4) There is an increased risk of volcanic activity. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [18] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 51 and 52 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The unconformity is located at the boundary between Middle Proterozoic rock and Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician rock. Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician rock Unconformity Middle Proterozoic rock 51 Identify one geologic process that occurred in this region that produced the unconformity in this outcrop. [1] 52 Identify by name the oldest New York State index fossil that could be found in the Early Ordovician bedrock. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [19] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 53 through 56 on the passage and the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map indicates the epicenter ( ) of a major earthquake that occurred at 38 N 142 E. This map also shows some smaller plates believed to be part of the major tectonic plates shown in the Earth Science Reference Tables. Letter A represents a location on a plate boundary. * Devastating Tsunami On March 11, 2011, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded (magnitude 9.0) produced a 7-meter-high tsunami that devastated Japan s eastern coast. Thousands of people died and billions of dollars in damage occurred. Several hours after the earthquake, the tsunami reached the Hawaiian Islands and parts of North America s west coast. Western Aleutian Islands Okhotsk Plate Amur Plate A ds e es n sla I n a ap * J Yangtze Plate Earthquake epicenter Pacific Plate Okinawa Plate Philippine Plate Mariana Plate Sunda Plate Philippine Islands N Key Smaller plate boundaries 53 Identify by name the two tectonic plates labeled on the map above that are located directly on each side of the earthquake epicenter. [1] 54 On the cross section of the tectonic plate boundary in your answer booklet, draw one arrow in each circle to indicate the general direction of plate motion near the earthquake epicenter. [1] 55 Describe one immediate action that was most likely taken in the Hawaiian Islands to prevent the loss of life as the tsunami approached. [1] 56 Identify one geologic feature that was most likely produced by plate interaction at point A. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [20] Base your answers to questions 57 through 61 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table shows the distances from Earth to the Moon for certain days during December 2010. The percent of the Moon illuminated by the Sun as seen from Earth is also given. Moon Data December 2010 Date December 2010 Approximate Earth Moon Distance (x 103 km) 2 371 12.3 4 375 1.5 6 383 1.2 8 393 10.2 10 401 25.5 12 404 44.0 14 403 63.3 16 396 81.0 18 386 94.3 20 377 100.0 22 373 99.0 24 368 80.4 26 369 70.1 28 371 47.0 30 375 24.8 Illuminated Moon Seen from Earth (%) 57 On the grid in your answer booklet, the Earth Moon distance data from December 2 to December 12 have already been plotted. Complete the line graph by plotting the Earth Moon distances from December 14 to December 30. Continue the line from December 12 through all nine of your plotted points. [1] 58 Explain how the Earth Moon distance data support the inference that the Moon s orbit is an ellipse. [1] 59 On which date shown in the data table was the gravitational attraction between the Moon and Earth the greatest? [1] 60 Identify one date during December 2010 when the Moon was at its mean distance from Earth as indicated on the Earth Science Reference Tables. [1] 61 A lunar eclipse occurred during December 2010. On which date did this eclipse most likely occur? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 62 and 63 on the geologic cross section shown below and on your knowledge of Earth science. A Key Igneous intrusion Contact metamorphism 62 State the name of the metamorphic rock at location A. [1] 63 Identify one characteristic that could be used to determine if the intrusive igneous rock has a mafic composition or a felsic composition. [1] Base your answers to questions 64 and 65 on the diagram in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a beaker of water being heated. The curved lines around letters A and B represent convection cells that have developed in the water. 64 On the diagram in your answer booklet, draw six arrowheads, one on each of the curved lines of the convection cells, to indicate the direction of water movement around letters A and B. [1] 65 State the amount of heat energy gained by each gram of water that evaporates from the surface of the boiling water in the beaker. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [22] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (66 85): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 66 through 68 on the data table below, which shows the length of a shadow, in centimeters, made by an object at different times during the day in New York State. Shadow Lengths Time Length of Shadow (cm) 9:00 a.m. 185 10:00 a.m. 129 11:00 a.m. 100 12:00 noon 89 1:00 p.m. 101 2:00 p.m. 124 66 Predict the length of the object s shadow at 2:30 p.m. [1] 67 Explain what causes the length of the shadow to change during the day. [1] 68 Toward which compass direction from the object does the shadow point at solar noon? [1] Base your answers to questions 69 through 71 on the snowfall map of the Tug Hill Plateau region of New York State in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. A lake-effect snowstorm occurred on November 16 19, 2008. Snow depths are indicated in inches at several points and by two labeled isolines. Dashed line AB is a reference line on the map between two recorded snow depths. 69 On the map in your answer booklet, draw the 9-inch and 12-inch snow depth isolines. [1] 70 Calculate the snow depth gradient between point A and point B, in inches per mile. [1] 71 This storm occurred while Lake Ontario was not frozen. Explain why snowfall amounts would have been less if the lake had had significant ice cover. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 72 through 74 on the generalized climatic moisture map of North America below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Areas are classified as generally dry or generally wet, and then ranked by relative moisture conditions. Glacial and mountain climate areas are also shown on the map. Points A, B, C, D, and E indicate locations on Earth s surface. 70 N Arctic 70 N Circle 60 N 60 N D 50 N 50 N A 40 N B E 40 N C 30 N 30 N Tropic of Cancer 20 N 20 N Key Generally dry climates Mountains Glacier Dry Moist Extremely dry Generally wet climates Extremely wet 72 Explain why the climate at location A is more moist than the climate at location B. [1] 73 State the climate factor that causes a cold climate at location C. [1] 74 Explain why location D has a cooler climate than location E. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [24] Base your answers to questions 75 through 79 on the map and table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the area where the Battenkill River flows into the Hudson River north of Albany, New York. Point A indicates a location within the Battenkill River. The table shows the densities of four common minerals found in Hudson River sediments. Hudson River Mineral Density Density Mineral Name (g/cm3) amphibole 3.3 feldspar 2.6 garnet 4.2 quartz 2.7 Battenkill River A N 75 Identify the diameter of the largest particle that would be carried at point A when the velocity of the Battenkill River is 50 cm/s. [1] 76 Describe the most likely changes in the size and shape of individual particles of sediment as they are transported downstream by the Battenkill and Hudson Rivers. [1] 77 Describe the arrangement of the sediments being deposited by these rivers. [1] 78 Some of the sediments transported by the Hudson River came from metamorphic rock. Identify one foliated metamorphic rock that contains all four minerals listed in the mineral density table. [1] 79 Samples of minerals listed in the mineral density table with the same shape and size were removed from the Hudson River and placed in a jar of water. After the jar was shaken, the sediments were allowed to settle. In your answer booklet, write the mineral name from the table next to the layer in the diagram where each mineral is most likely found. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [25] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 80 through 82 on the generalized cross section of the Grand Canyon represented below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Some rock layers have been labeled. The rock layers have not been overturned. Kaibab limestone Permian Period Hermit shale Redwall limestone Mississippian Period Paleozoic Era Pennsylvanian Period Devonian Period Cambrian Period Tapeats sandstone Hakatai shale Bass dolomite Igneou Proterozoic Eon s diaba se sill Archean Eon Vishnu group 80 The Vishnu group is composed mostly of schist. Explain how this rock formed. [1] 81 State the approximate age of the Redwall limestone, in million years. [1] 82 Describe how the calcite that composes the Redwall limestone can be distinguished from the quartz that composes the Tapeats sandstone. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [26] Base your answers to questions 83 through 85 on the table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table shows the elements and their percent compositions by mass in the five minerals present in a rock sample. Elements and Their Compositions by Mass in Five Minerals Element (percent by mass) Minerals Present in Rock Sample Al Ca Fe H K Mg Na O Si Ti Amphibole 6.2 3.0 29.7 0.2 3.7 1.8 31.7 12.8 10.9 Plagioclase feldspar 9.7 14.2 46.3 29.8 Garnet 10.9 33.8 38.7 16.6 Muscovite mica 20.3 0.5 9.8 48.2 21.2 53.2 46.8 Quartz 83 Identify one use for the mineral garnet. [1] 84 Identify one mineral in this rock sample that can scratch the mineral olivine. [1] 85 All five of the minerals listed in the table are silicate minerals because they contain the elements silicon and oxygen. State the name of one other mineral found on the Properties of Common Minerals chart that is a silicate mineral. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 16 [27] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 28, 2016 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male Sex: Female Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grade . . . . . . . . . Record your answers for Part B 2 and Part C in this booklet. Part B 2 51 52 53 __________________________________ Plate and __________________________________ Plate 54 Japanese islands Earthquake epicenter Ocean * (Not drawn to scale) 55 56 57 Earth Moon Distances Distance ( 103 km) 410 410 400 400 390 390 380 380 370 370 360 360 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 December 58 59 December _________, 2010 60 December _________, 2010 61 December _________, 2010 62 63 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Jan. 16 [2] 20 22 24 26 28 30 64 Evaporation Beaker of water A B Bunsen burner 65 J/g P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Jan. 16 [3] [OVER] Part C 66 cm 67 68 69 November 16 19, 2008, Storm Snow Depth (inches) 3 Lake Ontario 6 Wind direction 10 11 21 28 14 12 8 A 9 B 15 11 7 10 20 19 8 16 13 9 7 10 N W 3 0 70 S 10 20 30 in/mi P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Jan. 16 E [4] 40 50 miles 71 72 73 74 Location D: 75 cm 76 Changes in size: Changes in shape: 77 78 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Jan. 16 [5] [OVER] 79 Water A: B: A B C D Layers C: D: 80 81 my 82 83 84 85 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Jan. 16 [6] FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, January 28, 2016 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 2 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ and select the link Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents Examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part A 1 ......2...... 10 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 2 ......1...... 11 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 3 ......3...... 12 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 4 ......4...... 13 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 5 ......2...... 14 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 6 ......2...... 15 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 7 ......3...... 16 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 8 ......4...... 17 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 9 ......4...... 18 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . Part B 1 36 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Do not attempt to correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. If the student s responses for the multiple-choice questions are being hand scored prior to being scanned, the scorer must be careful not to make any marks on the answer sheet except to record the scores in the designated score boxes. Marks elsewhere on the answer sheet will interfere with the accuracy of the scanning. Allow 1 credit for each correct response. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions on a student s paper. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score more than approximately one-half of the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Teachers may not score their own students answer papers. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. On the student s separate answer sheet, for each question, record the number of credits earned and the teacher s assigned rater/scorer letter. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given for a response. If the student gives more than one answer to a question, only the first answer should be rated. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. For hand scoring, raters should enter the scores earned in the appropriate boxes printed on the separate answer sheet. Next, the rater should add these scores and enter the total in the space provided. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be recorded in the space provided. Then the student s raw scores on the written test and the performance test should be converted to a scale score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Thursday, January 28, 2016. The student s scale score should be entered in the box labeled Scale Score on the student s answer sheet. The scale score is the student s final examination score. Schools are not permitted to rescore any of the open-ended questions on this exam after each question has been rated once, regardless of the final exam score. Schools are required to ensure that the raw scores have been added correctly and that the resulting scale score has been determined accurately. Because scale scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one administration to another, it is crucial that, for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [2] Part B 2 Allow a maximum of 15 credits for this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: uplift/emergence erosion submergence/subsidence weathering deposition burial 52 [1] Allow 1 credit for Tetragraptus. 53 [1] Allow 1 credit for Pacific Plate and Okhotsk Plate. 54 [1] Allow 1 credit for two correctly drawn arrows, one in each circle, that indicate a converging plate boundary. Student-drawn arrows must be oriented within a range of plus or minus 45 (the region between the dotted lines) of the two arrows as shown below. Note: Allow credit even if arrows are not inside the circles. Example of a 1-credit response: Japanese islands Earthquake epicenter Ocean * (Not drawn to scale) P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [3] 55 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Sound alarm for residents. Move to higher ground. Evacuate coastal areas. Broadcast radio/TV bulletins. Move ships away from the coast. Follow evacuation routes. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: volcano/volcanic mountain trench/Aleutian trench island arc mountains fault 57 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all nine of the student s plots are within or touch the circles shown and all 15 plots are correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches each circle. Note: Allow credit if the line misses a plot but is still within or touches the circle. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Earth Moon Distances Distance ( 103 km) 410 410 400 400 390 390 380 380 370 370 360 360 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 December P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [4] 20 22 24 26 28 30 58 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The Earth-Moon distance varies in a regular pattern. The Earth-Moon distance is not constant. A circular orbit would have the same distance throughout the month. The Earth-Moon graph increases, then decreases. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit for December 24, 2010. 60 [1] Allow 1 credit for December 18, 2010, or December 6, 2010, or December 7, 2010. 61 [1] Allow 1 credit for December 20, 2010 or December 21, 2010. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit for marble or hornfels. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: color/light color/dark color density/low density/high density mineral composition rich in Al, Si, or rich in Fe, Mg presence/absence of quartz/potassium feldspar/pyroxene/olivine Note: Do not allow credit for composition alone because it is stated in the question. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [5] 64 [1] Allow 1 credit if all six arrowheads are drawn anywhere on each line to indicate the correct direction of water movement around letters A and B. Note: Allow credit if the student does not use the lines given in the diagram, but draws arrows around A and B to accurately show convection within the beaker. If more than six arrowheads are drawn, all must be correct to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: Evaporation Beaker of water B A Bunsen burner 65 [1] Allow 1 credit for 2260 J/g. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [6] Part C Allow a maximum of 20 credits for this part. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 130 cm to 160 cm. 67 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The altitude of the Sun in the sky changes. Earth rotates. the Sun s position in the sky the apparent motion of the Sun 68 [1] Allow 1 credit for north or N. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit for correctly drawn 9-inch and 12-inch snow depth isolines. If additional isolines have been drawn, all isolines must be correct to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: November 16 19, 2008, Storm Snow Depth (inches) 3 Lake Ontario 6 Wind direction 10 11 21 28 14 12 8 A 9 B 15 11 7 10 20 19 8 16 13 9 7 10 N W 3 0 P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 E S 10 20 [7] 30 40 50 miles 70 [1] Allow 1 credit for any response from 0.75 in/mi to 0.85 in/mi. 20 Note: Do not allow credit for ___ because this does not show a complete calculation. 25 71 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Not as much moisture would have evaporated from Lake Ontario, so the snowfall depths would not have been as great. Less water vapor would have been picked up from the lake surface. An unfrozen lake surface allows for more evaporation. 72 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Location A is on the windward side of mountains. Location A receives prevailing winds off the ocean. Location A is closer to the ocean. Location B is on the leeward side of a mountain range. Adiabatic warming occurs in descending air at location B after losing most of its moisture on the windward side of a mountain/orographic effect. The prevailing southwest winds bring moist air to location A. 73 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: elevation high altitude mountains 74 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: higher latitude farther north of the equator lower angle of insolation Location E is closer to the equator. Note: Do not allow credit for latitude alone because it is not specific enough. 75 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 0.8 cm to 1.1 cm. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [8] 76 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are acceptable. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Changes in size: smaller decreases Changes in shape: They become more rounded. rounder less angular Note: Do not allow credit for smoother alone because this denotes a texture, not a shape. 77 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Sediments deposited by a river are arranged in layers/stratified layers. River deposits are sorted. sorted by size, shape, and density 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: gneiss schist phyllite 79 [1] Allow 1 credit for the minerals listed in the order shown below. A: feldspar B: quartz C: amphibole D: garnet 80 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Heat and pressure metamorphosed early rocks. Regional metamorphism distorted these rocks. heat and pressure metamorphism Note: Do not allow credit for contact metamorphism because schist forms from regional metamorphism. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [9] 81 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 318 my to 359 my. 82 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Calcite bubbles with acid. Calcite shows cleavage. Quartz is harder than calcite. Calcite is composed of calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and carbon (C), and quartz is composed of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). 83 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: jewelry abrasives gemstone 84 [1] Allow 1 credit for garnet or quartz. 85 [1] Allow 1 credit for one mineral listed below. talc biotite mica/biotite pyroxene potassium feldspar/orthoclase olivine P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 16 [10]

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