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NSW HSC 2008 : MODERN HISTORY

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Centre Number Student Number 2008 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Modern History Total marks 100 S ection I General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen A source booklet is provided at the back of this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page and pages 3 and 5 Pages 2 6 25 marks Attempt Questions 1 3 Allow about 45 minutes for this section S ection II Pages 7 10 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 4 12 Allow about 45 minutes for this section S ection III Page 11 25 marks Attempt BOTH parts of Question 13 Allow about 45 minutes for this section S ection IV Pages 12 14 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 14 20 Allow about 45 minutes for this section 423a Section I World War I 1914 1919 25 marks Attempt Questions 1 3 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Refer to the source booklet to answer Questions 1 3. Marks Question 1 (5 marks) (a) Using Source A: (i) Which side suffered the most casualties in the battles of Verdun and the Somme, Germany or the Allies? 1 ................................................................................................................... (ii) Which country suffered the fewest casualties due to gas between 1916 and 1917? 1 ................................................................................................................... (b) Using Source B: Give THREE effects the improved tanks had on German infantry. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 2 Board of Studies NSW 2008 3 2 008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Modern History Centre Number Section I (continued) Student Number Question 2 (10 marks) Assess the impact of tactics using new weapons in attempts to break the stalemate on the Western Front. Use Sources A and B and your own knowledge to answer this question. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... Question 2 continues on page 4 423b 3 Question 2 (continued) ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... End of Question 2 4 Board of Studies NSW 2008 2 008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Modern History Centre Number Section I (continued) Student Number Question 3 (10 marks) Assess how useful Sources C and D would be for a historian studying the variety of attitudes to the war on the home fronts and how they changed over time in Britain and Germany. In your answer, consider the perspectives provided by the TWO sources and the reliability of each source. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... Question 3 continues on page 6 423c 5 Question 3 (continued) ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... End of Question 3 6 Board of Studies NSW 2008 2 008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Modern History Section II National Studies 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 4 12 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your answer with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Question 4 Option A: Australia 1945 1983 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did Australia s relations with Asia and the Pacific change in the period 1945 1983? 25 OR (b) Evaluate the view that the 1975 dismissal of the Whitlam government was justified. 25 Question 5 Option B: China 1927 1949 (25 marks) (a) To what extent was the communist victory in China due to the leadership of Mao Zedong in the period 1927 1949? 25 OR (b) Assess the impact of the Northern Expedition in achieving political stability and national unification in China. 424 7 25 In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your answer with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Question 6 Option C: Germany 1918 1939 (25 marks) (a) Account for the successes and failures of democracy in Germany in the period 1918 1933. 25 OR (b) To what extent can Nazism in power be seen as totalitarianism in the period 1933 1939? 25 Question 7 Option D: India 1919 1947 (25 marks) (a) Assess the view that communalism was more important than nationalism in India in the period 1919 1947. 25 OR (b) To what extent was the Quit India Movement responsible for the British decision to grant independence? 25 Question 8 Option E: Indonesia 1959 1998 (25 marks) (a) Assess the impact of nationalism on Indonesia in the period 1959 1998. 25 OR (b) To what extent was the ideology of the New Order based on the Pancasila? 8 25 Marks Question 9 Option F: Japan 1904 1937 (25 marks) (a) Account for the successes and failures of democracy in Japan in the period 1904 1937. 25 OR (b) To what extent was Japan s emergence as a great power due to its victory in the Russo-Japanese War and its annexation of Korea? 25 Question 10 Option G: Russia and the Soviet Union 1917 1941 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did leadership conflict and differing visions for the USSR shape the history of the Soviet Union in the period 1917 1941? 25 OR (b) Analyse the purpose and impact of Stalin s Five Year Plans. 25 Question 11 Option H: South Africa 1960 1994 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did changes in South African society in the period 1960 1994 lead to the collapse of apartheid? 25 OR (b) How significant were Bantustans and independent black states in maintaining the South African government s control? 9 25 In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your answer with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Question 12 Option I: USA 1919 1941 (25 marks) (a) Assess the impact of domestic pressures on US foreign policy in the period 1919 1941. 25 OR (b) To what extent did the Great Depression affect social tensions in the USA? 10 25 Section III Personalities in the Twentieth Century 25 marks Attempt BOTH parts of Question 13 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your argument with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Answer BOTH parts of this question in relation to ONE of the twentieth-century personalities listed below. Write the name of the personality you have studied on the front of your writing booklet(s) under your student number. Question 13 (25 marks) (a) Describe the personal background and the historical context of the personality you have studied. 10 (b) History is about winners. 15 How accurate is this statement in relation to the personality you have studied? The personalities prescribed for study are listed below. 1 Yasser Arafat 10 Mohammed Ali Jinnah 19 Leni Riefenstahl 2 Joseph Benedict Chifley 11 Alexandra Kollontai 20 Eleanor Roosevelt 3 Herbert Evatt 12 Douglas MacArthur 21 Albert Speer 4 Mikhail Gorbachev 13 Nelson Mandela 22 Achmad Sukarno 5 Emperor Hirohito 14 Golda Meir 23 Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) 6 Ho Chi Minh 15 Robert Gordon Menzies 24 Leon Trotsky 7 Kita Ikki 16 Bernard Law Montgomery 25 Woodrow Wilson 8 William Randolph Hearst 17 Jawaharlal Nehru 26 Isoruku Yamamoto 9 J Edgar Hoover 27 Zhu De (Chu Teh) 18 Ian Paisley 11 Section IV International Studies in Peace and Conflict 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 14 20 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your argument with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Question 14 Option A: Anglo-Irish Relations 1968 1998 (25 marks) (a) Evaluate the impact of attempts at peacemaking in the Anglo-Irish conflict in the period 1968 1998. 25 OR (b) Assess the view that the Maze Prison protests were the turning point in the conflict in Northern Ireland. 25 Question 15 Option B: Conflict in Europe 1935 1945 (25 marks) (a) Evaluate the view that the air war determined the outcome of the European War. 25 OR (b) Assess the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact to the outbreak of war in 1939. 12 25 Question 16 Option C: Conflict in Indochina 1954 1979 (25 marks) (a) To what extent was US involvement responsible for the ongoing conflict in Indochina in the period 1954 1979? 25 OR (b) Evaluate the view that the impact of war on civilians in Indochina was responsible for communist victory in the period 1968 1979. 25 Question 17 Option D: Conflict in the Pacific 1937 1951 (25 marks) (a) Assess the impact of strategies used by the Japanese and the Allies in the Pacific in the period 1937 1951. 25 OR (b) Evaluate the view that maintaining the status of the Emperor was responsible for the success of the Allied Occupation of Japan to 1951. 25 Question 18 Option E: Arab Israeli Conflict 1948 1996 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did the attempts at peacemaking shape the Arab-Israeli conflict in the period 1948 1996? 25 OR (b) Assess the impact of the Israeli invasions of Lebanon in 1978 and 1982 on the development of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Please turn over 13 25 In this section you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical, well-structured answer to the question support your argument with relevant, accurate, historical information use historical terms and concepts appropriately Marks Question 19 Option F: The Cold War 1945 1991 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did the ideologies of communism and capitalism influence the Cold War in the period 1945 1991? 25 OR (b) Assess the consequences of d tente for the Cold War. 25 Question 20 Option G: The United Nations as Peacekeeper 1946 2001 (25 marks) (a) To what extent did Third World countries and changing membership affect the nature and role of the United Nations in the period 1946 2001? 25 OR (b) Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations and its agencies in dealing with poverty, racism, refugees and AIDS. End of paper 14 Board of Studies NSW 2008 25 2008 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Modern History Source Booklet S ource A 425 S ource B Page 2 S ource C Page 3 S ource D Instructions Detach this source booklet Page 2 Page 3 Source A Casualty figures from major campaigns, 1916 1917 France 52.8% France 18.7% Germany 47.2% Battle of Verdun Total casualties: 720 000 Germany 39.2% British Empire 42.1% USA 8.5% Battle of the Somme Total casualties: 1 070 000 Germany 22.6% France 33.3% British Empire 35.6% Casualties due to gas Total casualties: 17 700 Mark McAndrew, David Thomas, Philip Cummins, The Great War 1914-1919, Third Edition, 2005, Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission Source B Field Marshal Von Hindenburg, Out of My Life, 1920 The English attack at Cambrai for the first time revealed the possibilities of a great surprise attack with tanks. We had had previous experience of this weapon in the spring offensive, when it had not made any particular impression. However, the fact that the tanks had now been raised to such a pitch of technical perfection that they could cross our undamaged trenches and obstacles did not fail to have a marked effect on our troops. The physical effects of fire from machine-guns and light ordnance with which the steel Colossus was provided were far less destructive than the moral effect* of its comparative invulnerability. The infantryman felt that he could do practically nothing against its armoured sides. As soon as the machine broke through our trenchlines, the defender felt himself threatened . . . and left his post. * moral effect effect on morale 2 Field Marshal Von Hindersburg, Out of My Life, 1920, The Great War, D Stewart, J Fitzgerald, A Pickard, Thomas Nelson Australia, 1995, reproduced with permission Source C Awaiting copyright Source D An account given to a Times reporter by the Portuguese Ambassador to Berlin, Sidonio Pais, immediately after his departure from the city on 9 March 1916. Times History and Encyclopedia of the War, August 1916. The German people are feeling the pinch of war. The lack of butter, bread and other necessary commodities is severely felt. But the people are far too disciplined to do more than grumble, for a long time to come. The result of the war is not in doubt, but the Allies must be prepared for a protracted and sullen resistance on the part of Germany, and ought not to underestimate the difficulty of wearing down the spirit of a people which, after all, is profoundly patriotic and schooled to accept with fatalistic resignation the decisions of its Government. The word fatalism best expresses the mood of Germany today. Warlike enthusiasm has gone. Hope of a sweeping victory has departed, but nothing justifies the supposition that the German masses are likely to revolt against the authorities for many a long day. The Allies must, therefore, redouble their efforts to render the blockade increasingly stringent, and make up their minds to the fact that, although half beaten, Germany is far from recognising in practice the hopelessness of her plight. Times History and Encyclopaedia of the War, Volume 9, August 1916, The Great War, D Stewart, J Fitzgerald & A Pickard, 2nd ed, Thomas Nelson Australia, 1995, reproduced with permission 3 BLANK PAGE 4 Board of Studies NSW 2008

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Modern History 2008
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