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NSW HSC 2003 : CHEMISTRY

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2003 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Chemistry Total marks 100 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A data sheet and a Periodic Table are provided at the back of this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 13, 17, 21 and 25 Section I Pages 2 28 75 marks This section has two parts, Part A and Part B Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 29 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Section II Pages 29 37 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 30 34 Allow about 45 minutes for this section 115 Section I 75 marks Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet. Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 A (B) 6 (C) 8 B C (D) 9 D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. correct A B C 2 D 1 Which of the following is an acid base indicator? (A) Methanol (B) Methyl orange (C) Methanoic acid (D) Methyl ethanoate 2 Which of the following is a transuranic element? (A) Caesium (B) Cerium (C) Chromium (D) Curium 3 Which instrument is used to detect radiation from radioactive isotopes? (A) pH meter (B) Geiger counter (C) Ion-selective electrode (D) Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) 4 In which layer of the atmosphere does ozone act as a UV radiation shield? (A) Mesosphere (B) Stratosphere (C) Thermosphere (D) Troposphere 3 5 Which of the following could be used to determine the total dissolved solids in a sample of muddy river water? P Q R S (A) P and Q (B) R and S (C) P and R (D) Q and S 6 The table gives the heat of combustion in kJ g 1 for a number of different fuels. Fuel Heat of combustion (kJ g 1) Methanol 22.7 Ethanol 29.6 Propanol 33.6 Petrol (octane) 47.8 The heat of combustion in kJ mol 1 for one of the fuels was calculated as 2016 kJ mol 1. What was the fuel? (A) Methanol (B) Ethanol (C) Propanol (D) Petrol 4 7 The diagram is a representation of the Periodic Table. The positions of six different elements are shown. Y V Z U X W What are the reactions of oxides of these elements with acid and with base? Oxide reacts with acid Oxide reacts with acid and with base (A) Z X V (B) Y X U (C) X Z V (D) 8 Oxide reacts with base V W Y A sulfuric acid solution has a concentration of 5 10 4 mol L 1. What is the pH of this solution, assuming the acid is completely ionised? (A) 3.0 (B) 3.3 (C) 3.6 (D) 4.0 What is the name of the compound shown? Cl F H 9 H H F H C C C H (A) 1-chloro-1,2-difluoropropane (B) 3-chloro-2,3-difluoropropane (C) 1,2-difluoro-1-chloropropane (D) 1-chloro-1,2-difluoropentane 5 10 The graph shows October ozone concentrations above Halley Bay in Antarctica between 1956 and 1998. 350 300 250 October ozone concentrations 200 150 100 1950 1960 1970 1980 Year 1990 2000 Reproduced with the permission of Oxford University Press, London Based on these data alone, which of the following is a valid statement about the concentration of ozone above Halley Bay? (A) It was greater in 1998 than in 1993. (B) It will be greater in 2004 than in 1998. (C) The variation in ozone concentration between 1960 and 1970 was due to changes in atmospheric CFC concentrations. (D) The variation in ozone concentration from one year to the next is due only to changes in atmospheric CFC concentrations. 6 Which polymer is made by the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate? CH3 H 2 C = C COOCH 3 methyl methacrylate CH 2 C = C CH 2 C = C CH 2 C = C (A) CH3 CH3 CH3 OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 CH3 (B) CH3 CH3 CH 2 C CH 2 C CH 2 C COOCH3 COOCH3 COOCH3 CH CH CH HC CH 3 H C CH 3 H C CH 3 COOCH3 (C) COOCH3 COOCH3 C C C (D) COOCH3 COOCH3 COOCH3 11 CH3 CH3 CH3 7 12 The graph shows the mass and amount of carbon, fluorine and chlorine atoms in one mole of a compound. 100 25 80 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 Mass (g) 0 Carbon Fluorine Chlorine Amount (mol) Mass (g) What is the molecular formula for this compound? (A) CF2Cl (B) CF2Cl2 (C) C2F3Cl3 (D) C2F4Cl2 8 0 Amount (mol) 13 A student performed three tests to investigate the relative activity of metals. In each test a metal strip was placed in a solution containing ions of a different metal. The results are shown in the diagrams. Metal X Metal Z Y2+ Metal Y deposited on X Metal X Y2+ Metal Y deposited on Z Z2+ No reaction What is the order of activity of the metals, based on these results? (A) X > Z > Y (B) Y>X>Z (C) Z>Y>X (D) Z > X > Y 14 In a titration of a strong base with a strong acid, the following procedure was used: 1. A burette was rinsed with water and then filled with the standard acid. 2. A pipette was rinsed with some base solution. 3. A conical flask was rinsed with some base solution. 4. A pipette was used to transfer a measured volume of base solution into the conical flask. 5. Indicator was added to the base sample and it was titrated to the endpoint with the acid. Which statement is correct? (A) The calculated base concentration will be correct. (B) The calculated base concentration will be too low. (C) The calculated base concentration will be too high. (D) No definite conclusion can be reached about the base concentration. 9 15 Which of the following graphs shows how pH will vary when dilute HCl is added to 100 mL of dilute natural buffer solution with an initial pH of 7.0? (A) 14 12 10 8 pH 6 4 2 0 (B) 0 20 40 60 80 Volume of HCl added (mL) (C) 14 12 10 pH 8 6 4 2 0 14 12 10 8 pH 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 Volume of HCl added (mL) 0 20 40 60 80 Volume of HCl added (mL) (D) 0 20 40 60 80 Volume of HCl added (mL) 10 14 12 10 pH 8 6 4 2 0 BLANK PAGE 11 BLANK PAGE 12 Board of Studies NSW 2003 2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry Centre Number Section I (continued) Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 29 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations. Marks Question 16 (3 marks) You performed a first-hand investigation that monitored mass changes during the fermentation of glucose to ethanol. (a) 2 Outline the procedure you used. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 116 13 1 Marks Question 17 (5 marks) The flowchart shows the production of polyethylene. Compound X Dehydration Ethylene Process Y Polyethylene (a) Identify Compound X. 1 ............................................................................................................................... (b) 3 Describe Process Y. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 17 continues on page 15 14 Marks Question 17 (continued) A sample of polyethylene was produced by Process Y. The following graph shows the distribution of molecular weights of polymer molecules in the sample. Number of polymer molecules Molecular weight (c) Why is a range of molecular weights observed? ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 17 Please turn over 15 1 Marks Question 18 (4 marks) Describe how commercial radioisotopes are produced, and how transuranic elements are produced. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Board of Studies NSW 2003 4 2 003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 19 (3 marks) Salt bridge V Lead Silver Ag+ (1 mol L 1) (a) Pb2+ (1 mol L 1) 1 Identify the cathode in this diagram. ............................................................................................................................... (b) Write the net redox equation for the cell reaction, and calculate the cell potential (E ). ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 117 17 2 Marks Question 20 (5 marks) Assess the suitability of biomass as a future source of energy and chemicals for industry. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 18 5 Marks Question 21 (5 marks) You performed a first-hand investigation to prepare an ester by reflux. (a) Identify the products formed when propanoic acid and butanol are refluxed with acid catalyst. 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Draw a fully labelled diagram of the equipment assembled for use. 2 (c) Outline the advantages of using reflux to prepare the ester. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 19 Marks Question 22 (3 marks) (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. 1 .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... (b) A mass of 72.5 g of ethanol was burnt completely in air. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide that was produced at 25 C and 100 kPa. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 20 Board of Studies NSW 2003 2 2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 23 (4 marks) 25.0 mL of 0.12 mol L 1 standard barium hydroxide solution was titrated with nitric acid. The results are recorded in the table. Titration 1 20.4 2 18.1 3 18.2 4 (a) Volume of nitric acid used (mL) 18.1 Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of barium hydroxide with nitric acid. 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Calculate the concentration of the nitric acid. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 118 21 3 Marks Question 24 (4 marks) Discuss factors that must be considered when using neutralisation reactions to safely minimise damage in chemical spills. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 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......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Marks Question 26 (4 marks) Describe the process of eutrophication, and assess the suitability of water quality tests used to monitor it. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 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......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Board of Studies NSW 2003 4 2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 27 (5 marks) A student carried out an investigation to analyse the sulfate content of lawn fertiliser. The student weighed out 1.0 g of fertiliser and dissolved it in water. 50 mL of 0.25 mol L 1 barium chloride solution was then added. A white precipitate of barium sulfate formed, which weighed 1.8 g. (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of sulfate in the fertiliser. 2 .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... (b) Evaluate the reliability of the experimental procedure used. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 119 25 3 Marks Question 28 (4 marks) The results of analysis of a set of standard cadmium solutions are presented in the table. Concentration of cadmium standard solution (ppm) 0 0.00 3 0.22 6 0.38 9 0.62 12 (a) Absorbance 0.83 2 Draw an appropriate graph of the data. 1.00 0.90 0.80 Absorbance 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Concentration of cadmium (ppm) Question 28 continues on page 27 26 12 14 Marks Question 28 (continued) The map shows a catchment area. There is an industrial plant, a sewage treatment plant and a small town, all of which discharge water into the river. Water samples were collected at four sites. Mountain range Industrial plant Site 1 Sewage treatment plant Site 2 Site 3 Town Site 4 Ocean The results of analysis of cadmium levels from these four sites are given in the table. Sample site Site 1 0.08 Site 2 0.15 Site 3 0.55 Site 4 (b) Absorbance 0.40 Justify your conclusion about the most likely source of cadmium pollution. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 28 27 2 Marks Question 29 (7 marks) Evaluate the importance of monitoring and managing the conditions used in the Haber process. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Board of Studies NSW 2003 7 2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry Section II 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 30 34 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations. Pages Question 30 Question 31 Shipwrecks, Corrosion and Conservation .................................. 31 Question 32 The Biochemistry of Movement .......................................... 32 33 Question 33 The Chemistry of Art ........................................................... 34 35 Question 34 120 Industrial Chemistry ................................................................... 30 Forensic Chemistry .............................................................. 36 37 29 Marks Question 30 Industrial Chemistry (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify ONE use of sulfuric acid in industry. 1 (ii) (a) One of the starting materials used for preparing sulfuric acid is sulfur. Describe the process used to extract sulfur from mineral deposits. 3 During your practical work you performed a first-hand investigation to identify the products of electrolysis of sodium chloride. (i) Describe ONE precaution you took to minimise hazards, or to dispose of reactants and products safely. 1 (ii) Outline the procedure you used to identify the products of electrolysis of sodium chloride. 3 (c) Analyse how an understanding of the structure and cleaning action of soaps led to the development of synthetic detergents. 5 (d) The Ostwald process is used for making nitric acid from ammonia, and involves several equilibrium steps. (i) Identify the only factor that changes the value of an equilibrium constant. 1 (ii) One step in the process produces nitrogen dioxide according to the equation: 2 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2 (g). This reaction is exothermic. Describe TWO methods that could be used to increase the yield of nitrogen dioxide. (iii) A 1 L reaction vessel initially contained 0.25 mol NO and 0.12 mol O2. After equilibrium was established there was only 0.05 mol NO. 3 Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Show all relevant working. (e) Assess how environmental issues have been addressed in an industrial method of production of an acid, and an industrial method of production of a base. 30 6 Marks Question 31 Shipwrecks, Corrosion and Conservation (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify ONE passivating metal. 1 (ii) (a) Account for the differences in corrosion of active and passivating metals. Include a relevant balanced chemical equation in your answer. 3 During your practical work you performed a first-hand investigation to identify the factors that affect the rate of an electrolysis reaction. (i) 1 (ii) (c) Describe ONE precaution you took to minimise hazards, or to dispose of reactants and products safely. Outline the procedure you used to show how ONE factor affects the rate of an electrolysis reaction. 3 The Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912 and sank to a depth of more than three kilometres. 5 Analyse how theories about corrosion at great ocean depth have changed since the recent discovery of extensive corrosion on wrecks such as the Titanic. (d) Fishermen face a problem of limiting corrosion of their steel fish hooks. A fisherman has the choice of storing his steel fish hooks in a plastic, copper or aluminium container. (i) 1 (ii) (e) What is the main metal in steel? Compare the effectiveness of these containers in limiting corrosion of steel fish hooks. 5 Assess how an understanding of electrolysis has contributed to the development of methods for cleaning and restoring marine artefacts. 6 31 Marks Question 32 The Biochemistry of Movement (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify the role of glycogen in human muscle and liver. 1 (ii) (a) Describe the process of bond formation when glucose molecules react to form glycogen. 3 During your practical work you performed a first-hand investigation to compare the structures of fatty acids and glycerol. (i) 2 (ii) (c) Describe the results of your investigation. Outline why glycerol is more soluble in water than are fatty acids that are commonly found in the body. 2 Analyse how an understanding of the composition and structure of proteins led to the current theory of muscle contraction. 5 Question 32 continues on page 33 32 Marks Question 32 (continued) (d) The flowchart summarises the production of ATP from glucose and stearic acid. glucose (6 C-atoms) stearic acid (18 C-atoms) (a common fatty acid) Pathway P Oxidation pyruvate acetyl Coenzyme A TCA Cycle Oxidative phosphorylation (Cytochrome chain) 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule 146 ATP molecules per stearic acid molecule (i) 1 (ii) Construct a word-equation that summarises the formation of products in Pathway P, when one molecule of glucose is metabolised. 2 (iii) (e) Identify Pathway P. Explain why fats can produce more energy per carbon atom than carbohydrates. 3 Evaluate the importance of the chemistry of ATP in metabolic processes. End of Question 32 33 6 Marks Question 33 The Chemistry of Art (25 marks) (i) What is the maximum number of electrons found in an atomic orbital? 1 (ii) (a) The graph shows the first five ionisation energies for sodium, aluminium and magnesium. 3 15 000 Ionisation 10 000 energy (kJ mol 1) 5 000 0 Na Al Mg 0 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Electron removed C E Housecroft & E C Constable, 2002, Chemistry, 2nd edn, reproduced woth permission of Prentice Hall, Harlow, England. Explain how the data can be used to provide information about the arrangement of electrons around the atoms. (b) During your practical work you performed a first-hand investigation to observe the flame colour of different metal ions. (i) 2 (ii) (c) Explain the precautions you took during your investigation. Outline the procedure you used to observe the flame colour of different metal ions. 2 Analyse the relationship between the chemical composition and properties, including colour, of pigments used in traditional art by Aboriginal people. 5 Question 33 continues on page 35 34 Marks Question 33 (continued) (d) In the early 1900s, many Australian children were diagnosed as having Pink disease. The symptoms included pain, loss of teeth, and the presence of a pink colour on fingers and toes. The first indication that Pink disease was due to mercury poisoning came from the successful treatment of the children using EDTA. O C CH2 O O C CH2 CH2 N O CH2 N O CH2 CH2 O C C O O EDTA (i) 1 (ii) Explain why transition metals such as mercury may have more than one oxidation state. 2 (iii) (e) Identify the block in the Periodic Table in which mercury is present. Explain why chelating ligands such as EDTA are often used to treat poisoning by heavy metals. 3 Evaluate the usefulness of the range of technologies used by chemists to identify pigments. 6 End of Question 33 35 Marks Question 34 Forensic Chemistry (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify the general class of compounds represented by the formula Cx(H2O)y. 1 (ii) (a) Describe TWO tests that can be used to distinguish between some of the following classes of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkanols and alkanoic acids. 3 During your practical work you performed a first-hand investigation to distinguish between reducing and non-reducing sugars. (i) 1 (ii) (c) Describe ONE precaution you took to minimise hazards, or to dispose of reactants and products safely. Outline the procedure you used to distinguish between reducing and non-reducing sugars. 3 Analyse how emission spectra of elements assist in the identification of the origins of a mixture. 5 Question 34 continues on page 37 36 Marks Question 34 (continued) (d) The diagram shows the results of an investigation to identify the parents of a child. The DNA fingerprints from the mother (M) and child (C) are labelled. Also shown are the DNA fingerprints from two possible fathers (F1) and (F2). Awaiting Copyright Clearance (i) 1 (ii) Outline the structure and composition of DNA. 2 (iii) (e) Identify the more probable father. Describe how DNA fingerprints are produced, and explain why they can be used to show that two people belong to the same family. 3 Evaluate how the development of chromatographic methods has advanced forensic science. 6 End of paper 37 BLANK PAGE 38 BLANK PAGE 39 BLANK PAGE 40 Board of Studies NSW 2003 2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Chemistry DATA SHEET Avogadro constant, NA .................................................................. 6.022 1023 mol 1 Volume of 1 mole ideal gas: at 100 kPa and at 0 C (273.15 K) ...................... 22.71 L at 25 C (298.15 K) .................... 24.79 L Ionisation constant for water at 25 C (298.15 K), Kw ................. 1.0 10 14 Specific heat capacity of water ..................................................... 4.18 103 J kg 1 K 1 Some useful formulae H = m C T pH = log10 [H+ ] Some standard potentials K+ + e 2+ 2+ Ba Ca K(s) 2.94 V + 2e Ba(s) 2.91 V + 2e Ca(s) 2.87 V Na(s) 2.71 V Mg(s) 2.36 V Al(s) 1.68 V + Na + e Mg 2+ 3+ Al + 2e + 3e Mn2+ + 2e Mn(s) H2O + e 1 H2(g) + OH 2 2+ + 2e 2+ 2+ 2+ + 2e 2+ + 2e Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Zn(s) 0.76 V + 2e Fe(s) 0.44 V + 2e Ni(s) 0.24 V Sn(s) 0.14 V Pb(s) 0.13 V 2 Cu 2+ 1 H2(g) 2 + + 4H + 2e + 2e 1 O2(g) + 2 + H2O + 2e Cu + e +e + Ag + e 1 Br2(l) + e 2 1 Br2(aq) + e 2 1 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e 2 1 Cl2(g) + e 2 1 Cr2O72 + 7H+ + 3e 2 1 Cl2(aq) + e 2 MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e 1 F2(g) + e 2 120a 0.16 V Cu(s) 0.00 V SO2(aq) + 2H2O 1 I2(s) + e 2 1 I (aq) + e 2 2 3+ Fe 0.83 V H+ + e SO4 1.18 V 0.34 V 0.40 V Cu(s) 0.52 V 2OH I 0.54 V I 0.62 V Fe2+ 0.77 V Ag(s) 0.80 V Br 1.08 V Br 1.10 V H2O 1.23 V 1.36 V Cl 7 Cr3 + + H2O 2 Cl Mn F 1.36 V 1.40 V 2+ + 4H2O 1.51 V 2.89 V Aylward and Findlay, SI Chemical Data (5th Edition) is the principal source of data for this examination paper. Some data may have been modified for examination purposes. 41 42 Yttrium 57 71 Strontium 56 Ba 137.3 Barium 88 Ra [226.0] Radium Rubidium 55 Cs 132.9 Caesium 87 Fr [223.0] Francium Rutherfordium 104 Rf [261.1] Hafnium 72 Hf 178.5 Zirconium 90 Th 232.0 Thorium Actinides 89 Ac [227.0] Actinium Protactinium 91 Pa 231.0 Praseodymium 59 Pr 140.9 Dubnium 105 Db [262.1] Tantalum 73 Ta 180.9 Niobium 41 Nb 92.91 Vanadium Uranium 92 U 238.0 Neodymium 60 Nd 144.2 Seaborgium 106 Sg [263.1] Tungsten 74 W 183.8 Molybdenum 42 Mo 95.94 Chromium Neptunium 93 Np [237.0] Promethium 61 Pm [146.9] Bohrium 107 Bh [264.1] Rhenium 75 Re 186.2 Technetium 43 Tc [98.91] Manganese Platinum 78 Pt 195.1 Palladium 46 Pd 106.4 Nickel Plutonium 94 Pu [239.1] Samarium Americium 95 Am [241.1] Europium Curium 96 Cm [244.1] Gadolinium 64 Gd 157.3 Meitnerium Hassium 63 Eu 152.0 Ununnilium 109 Mt [268] 108 Hs [265.1] 62 Sm 150.4 110 Uun Iridium 77 Ir 192.2 Rhodium 45 Rh 102.9 Cobalt Osmium 76 Os 190.2 Ruthenium 44 Ru 101.1 Iron 28 Ni 58.69 Berkelium 97 Bk [249.1] Terbium 65 Tb 158.9 Unununium 111 Uuu Gold 79 Au 197.0 Silver 47 Ag 107.9 Copper Californium 98 Cf [252.1] Dysprosium 66 Dy 162.5 Ununbium 112 Uub Mercury 80 Hg 200.6 Cadmium 48 Cd 112.4 Zinc Einsteinium 99 Es [252.1] Holmium 67 Ho 164.9 113 Thallium 81 Tl 204.4 Indium 49 In 114.8 Gallium 31 Ga 69.72 Fermium 100 Fm [257.1] Erbium 68 Er 167.3 Ununquadium 114 Uuq Lead 82 Pb 207.2 Tin 50 Sn 118.7 Germanium 32 Ge 72.61 Silicon 14 Si 28.09 Carbon 6 C 12.01 9 F 19.00 Sulfur Phosphorus Mendelevium 101 Md [258.1] Thulium 69 Tm 168.9 115 Bismuth 83 Bi 209.0 Antimony 51 Sb 121.8 Arsenic Nobelium 102 No [259.1] Ytterbium 70 Yb 173.0 Ununhexium 116 Uuh Polonium 84 Po [210.0] Tellurium 52 Te 127.6 Selenium 34 Se 78.96 16 S 32.07 15 P 30.97 33 As 74.92 Oxygen Nitrogen Lawrencium 103 Lr [262.1] Lutetium 71 Lu 175.0 117 Astatine 85 At [210.0] Iodine 53 I 126.9 Bromine 35 Br 79.90 Chlorine 17 Cl 35.45 Fluorine 8 O 16.00 7 N 14.01 Where the atomic weight is not known, the relative atomic mass of the most common radioactive isotope is shown in brackets. The atomic weights of Np and Tc are given for the isotopes 237Np and 99Tc. Cerium Lanthanum Lanthanides 57 58 La Ce 138.9 140.1 Actinides 89 103 Lanthanides 39 Y 88.91 38 Sr 87.62 40 Zr 91.22 Titanium Scandium Calcium 27 Co 58.93 30 Zn 65.39 37 Rb 85.47 26 Fe 55.85 29 Cu 63.55 Potassium 25 Mn 54.94 Aluminium 24 Cr 52.00 20 Ca 40.08 19 K 39.10 23 V 50.94 Magnesium Sodium 22 Ti 47.87 13 Al 26.98 Boron 12 Mg 24.31 Name of element 11 Na 22.99 Atomic Weight Gold Beryllium Symbol of element Lithium 21 Sc 44.96 5 B 10.81 79 Au 197.0 3 Li 6.941 Atomic Number KEY 4 Be 9.012 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Hydrogen 1 H 1.008 Ununoctium 118 Uuo Radon 86 Rn [222.0] Xenon 54 Xe 131.3 Krypton 36 Kr 83.80 Argon 18 Ar 39.95 Neon 10 Ne 20.18 Helium 2 He 4.003

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Chemistry 2003
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