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NSW HSC 2006 : GEOGRAPHY

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2006 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Geography Total marks 100 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Board-approved calculators may be used A Stimulus Booklet is provided with this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 11 and 13 S ection I Pages 2 6 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section S ection II Pages 9 14 25 marks Attempt Questions 16 18 Allow about 45 minutes for this section S ection III Page 15 60 marks Attempt Questions 19 21 Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section 374 Section I 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section Refer to the Stimulus Booklet Use the multiple-choice answer sheet. Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 A (B) 6 (C) 8 B C (D) 9 D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. correct A B C 2 D 1 Which of the following best describes the geographical term environment ? (A) Where things are and why they are there (B) The relationship between people and ecosystems (C) A system formed by the interaction of living organisms (D) The total surroundings, including biophysical, spatial and cultural elements Refer to Sources A, C and D to answer Question 2. 2 What was the change in direction of Hurricane Katrina from 27 August 2005 to 29 August 2005? (A) East to north (B) East to south (C) West to north (D) West to south Refer to Sources A and D to answer Question 3. 3 Which of the following best describes the weather at X on Source A? (A) Northerly winds and cool temperatures (B) Northerly winds and warm temperatures (C) Southerly winds and cool temperatures (D) Southerly winds and warm temperatures Refer to Sources B, C and D to answer Question 4. 4 Which of the following best explains the maximum price of unleaded petroleum in the USA from July to November 2005? (A) Fears in the USA of rising consumer demand in winter (B) Fears in Mexico that Hurricane Katrina would affect the oil supply (C) Fears of a sudden reduction in oil supplies from major oil-exporting countries (D) Fears in the USA that Hurricane Katrina had destroyed many off-shore oil platforms 3 Refer to Source D to answer Question 5. 5 What is the difference in air pressure between point Y and 35 N 80 W? (A) 10 hPa (B) 12 hPa (C) 16 hPa (D) 18 hPa Refer to Source E to answer Questions 6 and 7. 6 Which Area Reference has an easterly aspect? (A) 3067 (B) 3163 (C) 3366 (D) 3763 7 Which of the following can be seen from Smalley Hill (AR 3267)? (A) Power transmission line (AR 3259) (B) Purrorumba Hill (AR 3170) (C) Spot height 826 m (AR 3163) (D) The Grove (AR 3074) Refer to Sources E and F to answer Questions 8 and 9. 8 What land use change has occurred in the south-east quadrant since 1974? (A) Quarry replaced by housing estate (B) Rubbish tip replaced by landing ground (C) Landing ground replaced by training track (D) Sewage treatment works replaced by quarry 4 9 What is the approximate percentage decrease in the shown surface area of perennial Lake George from 1974 to 2001? (A) 25% (B) 33% (C) 50% (D) 66% 10 What is the name given to a map that best shows property boundaries? (A) Cadastral (B) Choropleth (C) Isopleth (D) Precis Refer to Source G to answer Questions 11 and 12. 11 During which period did the eastern states of Australia experience the most extensive area of well above average rainfall? (A) 1981 1982 (B) 2000 2001 (C) 2001 2002 (D) 2002 2003 12 Which state experienced extremely low rainfall over the greatest proportion of its area in 1982 1983? (A) Queensland (B) South Australia (C) Tasmania (D) Victoria 5 Refer to Source H to answer Question 13. 13 In which two consecutive years was there the greatest change in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)? (A) 1974 and 1975 (B) 1983 and 1984 (C) 1988 and 1989 (D) 1999 and 2000 Refer to Source I to answer Questions 14 and 15. 14 How many mega cities were there in the developing world in 1950? (A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 7 15 Which city is expected to have the greatest percentage increase in population between 2000 and 2015? (A) Bogot (B) Jakarta (C) Mexico City (D) Tokyo 6 BLANK PAGE 7 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2006 2 006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Geography Centre Number Section II 25 marks Attempt Questions 16 18 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Student Number Use the Stimulus Booklet and your knowledge of geography to answer Questions 16 18 in the spaces provided. Marks Question 16 (8 marks) Refer to Sources E and F on page 2 of the Stimulus Booklet and the transects below to answer part (a). GR 360680 GR 370680 GR 210050 1974 2001 GR 360570 (a) GR 220050 GR 370570 GR 210940 GR 220940 Identify TWO changes on the 2001 transect that have occurred since 1974. (i) ................................................................................................................... (ii) ................................................................................................................... Question 16 continues on page 10 374a 9 2 Marks Question 16 (continued) Refer to Sources G and H on page 3 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (b). (b) Evaluate the usefulness, validity and reliability of the Southern Oscillation Index as a tool for predicting drought in Australia. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 16 10 Board of Studies NSW 2006 6 2 006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Geography Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 17 (8 marks) Refer to the semilogarithmic graph below to answer parts (a) (b). Population change West African mega city 1921 2015 20 United Nations rojection United Nations Projection nited 10 8 1991 Cens 1991 Census 991 Population (millions) 6 5 4 3 2 United Nations nited Nations Estimates stimates Estimates Post-Independence ost-Independence Cens Census ens 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 Colonial olonial Censuses Cens ses ens 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 192 (a) 1 193 1 194 1 195 1 196 1 1 1 1 1 21 197 198 199 200 201 20 Year What is the United Nations projection for the population of the West African mega city in 2015? 1 ............................................................................................................................... (b) Identify the time period that indicates the greatest rate of increase of population change in the West African mega city. ............................................................................................................................... Question 17 continues on page 12 374b 11 1 Marks Question 17 (continued) Refer to Source I on page 4 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (c). (c) Give TWO reasons that explain why the number of mega cities has increased between 1950 and 2000. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (d) Identify and describe TWO challenges that mega cities currently experience. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 17 12 Board of Studies NSW 2006 4 2 006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Geography Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 18 (9 marks) (a) Identify an economic enterprise operating at a local scale. 1 ............................................................................................................................... Refer to the diagram below to answer part (b). People Goods Services Ideas Key Linkages and flows (b) Describe TWO different internal linkages of the economic enterprise named in part (a). ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 18 continues on page 14 374c 13 4 Marks Question 18 (continued) (c) Identify and outline TWO effects of global changes on the enterprise named in part (a). ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 18 14 Board of Studies NSW 2006 4 2 006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Geography Section III 60 marks Attempt Questions 19 21 Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. In your answers you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question communicate geographical information, ideas and issues refer to appropriate case studies, illustrative examples and the Stimulus Booklet where appropriate Question 19 (20 marks) Evaluate traditional and contemporary ecosystem management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability. Question 20 (20 marks) Contrast the nature, character and spatial distribution of world cities with mega cities in the developing world. Question 21 (20 marks) Examine the changing nature, spatial patterns and ecological dimensions of a global economic activity. End of paper 374d 15 BLANK PAGE 16 Board of Studies NSW 2006 2 0 0 6 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Geography Stimulus Booklet Source A Satellite image of Hurricane Katrina 28 August 2005 Source B Unleaded petroleum prices in the USA July November 2005 275 200 175 25/8/05 150 125 Jul 26/8/05 28/8/05 27/8/05 Aug Sep Oct Nov 100 2005 Source C Oil rigs map N New Orleans Refineries X Oil rigs Hurricane intensity HIGH Hurricane Katrina s path early morning on August 29 LOW Source D Synoptic Chart of Hurricane Katrina (7.00am EST 28 August 2005) LOW 1020 40 N HIGH 1016 1016 1016 LOW 1012 30 N LOW New Orleans 1012 1008 1008 120 W 374e 1004 110 W 100 W Page 1 Hurricane Katrina 25 7 N 87 7 W Y MEXICO hectopascals FLORIDA 1000 996 90 W 992 1008 80 W Courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Oil rigs Hurricane Katrina s path as of early Monday morning (August 209) Energy Information Administration 225 US cents per gallon 250 Source E Lake George topographic map 1974 Source F Lake George topographic map 2001 30 15 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 77 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 14 76 75 12 74 11 73 10 72 LAKE 13 09 GEORGE 71 887 08 887 PURRORUMBA HILL PURRORUMBA HILL 70 07 69 06 68 SMALLEY HILL 870 05 SMALLEY HILL 870 67 04 66 65 02 64 01 63 00 62 Rubbish Tip 03 99 Rubbish Tip 61 98 Elmslea Estate 60 97 59 96 58 95 ACT Region Topographic Map, Edition 1, 2004 Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia 2004 57 8727 Canberra Topographic Map Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia 1974 56 Key for Sources E and F Source E N 31 31 W Single track railway line; windbreak; buildings Power transmission line; quarry Spot height; trig station; pine plantation 93 Source F Built-up area; dual carriage way, vehicle track Principal road; minor road 94 E S . 220 . 220 Vegetation: scattered; medium; dense Lake: perennial; intermittent 1 : 100 000 Contour interval: 20 m Page 2 Awaiting copyright Source H Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (1960 to 2003) (The SOI compares the difference in air pressure between Tahiti and Darwin as a measure of air movement in the Pacific) 30 20 SOI 10 0 10 20 30 1960 1965 1970 1975 Adapted from: Bureau of Meteorology, 2004 1980 Year Page 3 1985 1990 1995 2000 Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2004 Source I Selected cities with a population of 5 million or more Tokyo 27.2 Delhi 20.9 New York 17.9 Mexico City 20.4 Los Angeles 14.5 Chicago 7.6 Bogot 9.0 2015 Rio de Buenos Janeiro Aires 11.5 13.2 Lima 9.4 (projected) Moscow 8.1 Paris 9.9 London 7.6 Lagos 16.0 Abidjan 6.1 Karachi 16.2 Shanghai 13.6 Beijing 11.7 Manila 12.6 Jakarta 17.3 Yangon 6.3 Kinshasa 9.9 Santiago 6.5 26.4 16.7 18.1 8.4 9.6 13.2 12.4 7.6 10.0 7.0 2000 12.9 10.8 11.0 8.7 6.8 12.0 7.4 10.0 10.7 5.1 5.5 London Paris 8.7 5.4 1950 New York 12.3 Moscow 5.4 Tokyo 6.9 Shanghai 5.3 Buenos Aires 5.0 Tokyo 6.9 Population in millions Country with at least one city of five million or more residents Cities with populations of five million or more residents Country without a city of Image ID: 569819 five million or more residents NGS Maps/National Geographic Image Collection Present-day boundaries shown Only some cities shown Page 4 Board of Studies NSW 2006

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Geography 2006
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