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NSW HSC 2001 : AGRICULTURE PAPER 1 & 2

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Centre Number Student Number 2001 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Agriculture Paper 1 Total marks 70 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 2 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page and page 9 Section I Pages 2 7 25 marks Attempt Questions 1 3 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Section II Pages 9 12 30 marks Attempt Questions 4 5 Allow about 50 minutes for this section Section III Pages 13 14 15 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 6 9 Allow about 30 minutes for this section 301 Section I 25 marks Attempt Questions 1 3 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Marks Question 1 (10 marks) Name ONE farm product you have studied. Name of product ....................................................................................................... Answer ALL parts of Question 1 with reference to the product named above. (a) Identify ONE example of government intervention in the production or marketing of your named product. 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Outline how the raw agricultural product is processed into another product that is sold to consumers. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 1 continues on page 3 2 2 Marks Question 1 (continued) (c) Farm products vary in their quality, and this affects their end use. For your named product, complete the diagram. Main product quality criterion ............................. ............................. Product end use ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. (d) ............................. Main product quality criterion Lower grade ............................. ............................. Farm product ............................. ............................. Top grade Product end use ............................. 3 ............................. Explain how the marketplace or consumer may influence farmers to change their production techniques or products. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 1 3 4 Marks Question 2 (10 marks) A new legume crop has been released that is suitable for growing in rotation with a variety of broadacre crops. The table compares gross margins for the following two-year crop rotations: A: the new legume crop with crop Y B: a traditional two-year crop rotation of crop X with crop Y. Crop rotation A Crop rotation B GROSS MARGIN Year 2 Year 1 Crop Y New legume crop $340/ha $350/ha Crop X Crop Y $200/ha $290/ha The total amount of plant-available soil nitrogen was initially similar for both crop rotations. The graphs show the fate of plant-available soil nitrogen (N) for the two crop rotations at the end of the second year. Crop rotation A Crop rotation B New legume/Crop Y rotation Crop X /Crop Y rotation N left in soil 84 kg/ha N leached 108 kg/ha N left in soil 124 kg/ha N uptake 58 kg/ha (a) N leached 68 kg/ha N uptake 42 kg/ha Which of the crop rotations has resulted in the greater financial gain? ............................................................................................................................... Question 2 continues on page 5 4 1 Marks Question 2 (continued) (b) Which of the crop rotations would be most likely to have a negative environmental impact? Explain your answer. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) What part of the graph would the farm manager be most interested in when assessing what to grow in Year 3? Explain your answer. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (d) Evaluate the economic and physical or biological factors that a farm manager would need to consider when assessing the short-term profitability and the sustainability of these two rotations. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 2 5 5 Question 3 (5 marks) An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of giving grass-fed yearling cattle different additional feeds. The treatments compared were: no additional feeding (control) 5 kg/day lucerne hay 5 kg/day lucerne hay plus 0.5 kg/day cracked lupins 0.5 kg/day cracked lupins. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results of the experiment are shown in the table. Growth rates (kg/animal/day) on feeding treatments Growth rates (kg/animal/day) Replicates Treatments 1 2 3 4 Mean Control 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.25 + Lucerne 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.48 + Lucerne + lupins 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.80 + Lupins 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.48 Question 3 continues on page 7 6 Marks Question 3 (continued) (a) Using the grid, construct a graph showing the mean daily growth rate for the four treatments. 3 (b) Discuss ONE factor that might influence the decision to use additional feeding in an animal production system. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 3 7 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2001 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Agriculture Centre Number Section II Student Number 30 marks Attempt Questions 4 5 Allow about 50 minutes for this section Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Marks Question 4 (15 marks) (a) Outline how ONE environmental factor affects plant production. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Using ONE example you have studied, describe how an understanding of the interaction of genotype with the environment can be used to enhance plant productivity. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 4 continues on page 10 302 9 3 Marks Question 4 (continued) (c) There has been an increasing emphasis on sustainability in Australian agriculture. 4 Explain why current farming practices are more sustainable than past practices. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (d) Evaluate the use of native pasture species in sustainable pasture management systems. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 4 10 6 Marks Question 5 (15 marks) (a) The diagram shows a crossbreeding system involving six breeds of cattle. Breed A A 50% B 50% Breed B Breed C C 50% D 50% A 12.5% B 12.5% C 12.5% D 12.5% E 25% F 25% A 25% B 25% C 25% D 25% Breed D Breed E E 50% F 50% Breed F (i) Describe the genetic basis of the crossbreeding system shown in the diagram. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) For an animal you have studied, outline a different breeding system that can be used to improve a particular characteristic or trait. Illustrate your answer with a diagram in the space below. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 5 continues on page 12 11 3 Marks Question 5 (continued) (b) Animal diseases are the result of interactions between the problem organisms, the host and the environment. 4 Explain, using examples, how these interactions can affect the use and potential for integrated pest management (IPM) of animal diseases. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) In animal production systems there are legal, ethical and welfare issues that need to be addressed. Evaluate management strategies that address each of these THREE issues. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 5 12 Board of Studies NSW 2001 6 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Agriculture Section III 15 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 6 9 Allow about 30 minutes for this section Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Marks Question 6 (15 marks) (a) Through efficient management techniques, farmers attempt to control the various factors that limit the fertility of their animals. List these limiting factors, and for each factor describe a management technique that can be used to control it. 5 (b) In order to maximise the output from an animal production system, it is essential for the farm manager to have a sound knowledge of the role of animal hormones. Select TWO hormones, and analyse how each acts to regulate both the reproduction and the behaviour of farm animals. 10 OR Question 7 (15 marks) (a) Describe ONE piece of scientific research and associated technology that has influenced agricultural production or marketing. 5 (b) Evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the use of the technology you described in part (a). 10 OR Please turn over 303 13 Marks Question 8 (15 marks) (a) Describe the role of minimum tillage and crop rotation in sustainable farming systems. 5 (b) Evaluate the role of microbes and invertebrates in improving and/or maintaining soil fertility. 10 OR Question 9 (15 marks) (a) Describe TWO mechanisms of interference in plant communities. (b) Evaluate how farmers may use plant interference to their benefit. Illustrate your answer with THREE examples. End of paper 14 Board of Studies NSW 2001 5 10 2001 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Agriculture Paper 2 General Instructions Paper 2 should be attempted only by students who have studied Electives Reading time 5 minutes Working time 1 hour Write using black or blue pen Board-approved calculators may be used 304 Total marks 30 Attempt TWO questions from Questions 1 6 Allow about 30 minutes for each question Total marks 30 Attempt TWO questions from Questions 1 6 Allow about 30 minutes for each question Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Marks Question 1 Agribusiness (15 marks) (a) Describe techniques a farmer could use to determine the present financial status of a farm. 3 (b) A farmer wishes to finance the following ventures: 4 Purchase of a new tractor; Purchase of fertiliser for a plant enterprise. For each venture, identify ONE suitable financing option and explain its suitability. (c) Name ONE study of the impact of a large rural business organisation on the agricultural industries in which it is involved. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 Question 2 Animal Management (15 marks) (a) Describe management techniques available to farmers to manipulate the rates of growth and development of farm animals. 3 (b) Explain how vaccination works to prevent disease in farm animals. 4 (c) Name ONE study of a current technique/technology that is advancing productivity in animal production systems. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 2 Marks Question 3 Horticulture (15 marks) (a) Describe how the particular characteristics of a plant you have studied affect its use in horticulture. 3 (b) For a horticultural production system you have studied, explain how a manager can improve the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the production system. 4 (c) Name ONE study of a technological innovation aimed at improving productivity in a particular horticultural industry. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 Question 4 Innovation and Diversification (15 marks) (a) Describe the marketing techniques that may be used to market an alternative production system or technology you have studied. 3 (b) Explain TWO aspects of plant or animal biology that are applied in the management of an alternative production system or technology. 4 (c) Name ONE study of the development and implementation of ONE alternative agricultural production system or technology. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 Question 5 Plant Management (15 marks) (a) Describe the role of plant hormones in plant growth and development. 3 (b) Roots, stems and leaves are the main organs of plants. Select TWO of these organs, and explain how their cellular anatomy relates to the function of each organ. 4 (c) Name ONE study of the role of research in advancing productivity in plant production systems. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 Please turn over 3 Marks Question 6 Sustainable Land and Resource Management (15 marks) (a) Describe how the Australian land capabilities system has been applied to ensure sustainable land use in an area you have studied. 3 (b) Explain the causes of dryland salinity and irrigation salinity. 4 (c) Name ONE study of innovative technologies or practices that assist with the conservation and efficient use of water in agricultural production systems. Analyse the appropriateness of the research methodology used in this study, and the way in which data have been collected, presented and interpreted. 8 End of paper 4 Board of Studies NSW 2001

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Agriculture Paper 1 and Paper 2 - 2001
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