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NSW HSC 2007 : ENGINEERING STUDIES

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2007 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Engineering Studies Total marks 100 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A formulae sheet is provided at the back of this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 345 S ection I Pages 2 6 10 marks Attempt Questions 1 10 Allow about 20 minutes for this section S ection II Pages 9 30 70 marks Attempt Questions 11 16 Allow about 2 hours for this section S ection III Pages 31 37 20 marks Attempt Questions 17 18 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Section I 10 marks Attempt Questions 1 10 Allow about 20 minutes for this section Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 10. 1 Which row best identifies the relative changes in the properties of a hardened medium carbon steel after it has been tempered? Hardness (A) Same Lower (B) Lower Same (C) Lower Higher (D) Higher Higher A gas bottle is pressurised. Gas pressure readings at the three levels shown are P1, P2, and P3 . 90 100 10 80 0 10 80 90 100 110 60 70 50 0 10 90 100 110 80 30 40 20 60 70 50 P3 0 30 40 20 P2 110 30 40 20 P1 60 70 50 2 Toughness Which statement is correct? (A) P1 = P2 = P3 (B) P1 > P2 > P3 (C) P 1 < P 2 < P3 (D) P1 > P2 , P3 > P2 2 3 During the construction of an arch bridge, each half arch was supported on a pin joint (P ) and with cables (T ) as shown. 17 500 tonnes T P At what direction to the horizontal would the force at P act? (A) 25 (B) 35 (C) 50 (D) 90 4 The diagram shows a ceramic insulator. Why do ceramic insulators have this design? (A) This shape can be extruded. (B) Weight is kept to a minimum. (C) Holes are easily drilled in ceramics. (D) Ceramics are strong in compression. 3 TO SCALE 5 Two 10 kg boxes are positioned on a ramp which has a 14 slope. The coefficient of friction between the boxes and the ramp is 0.2. Box 2 10 kg Box 1 10 kg 14 Which statement correctly describes the state of the boxes on the ramp? (A) Both boxes are stationary (B) Both boxes are sliding (C) Box 1 is sliding, Box 2 is stationary (D) Box 2 is sliding, Box 1 is stationary 6 In the hydraulic system below, if the 12 mm input piston moves a distance of 16 mm, how far will the 24 mm output piston move? Input piston Output piston (A) 4 mm (B) 8 mm (C) 16 mm (D) 32 mm 4 7 The stress strain graph indicates typical results for tensile tests on three different metals. Metal 2 Stress Metal 1 Metal 3 Strain Which row correctly identifies metals 1, 2 and 3? Metal 1 Metal 2 Metal 3 (A) Cast iron Copper (B) Cast iron Copper Steel (C) Copper Steel Cast iron (D) 8 Steel Cast iron Steel Copper The diagrams show 10 mm steel bolts in double and single shear. 20 kN Load 40 kN 20 kN Double shear Single shear The bolt in double shear supports a maximum load of 40 kN. What maximum load would the bolt in single shear support? (A) 10 kN (B) 20 kN (C) 40 kN (D) 80 kN 5 9 Two views of a triangular pyramid are shown. TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW How many lines are shown as true length in these views? (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four 10 1 scale, and tested in tension to 4 destruction. The force required to destroy the test piece was 200 kN. A mild steel test piece for a civil structure was made to At what minimum force would you expect the full-size component to fail? (A) 200 kN (B) 400 kN (C) 800 kN (D) 3200 kN 6 BLANK PAGE 7 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II 70 marks Attempt Questions 11 16 Allow about 2 hours for this section Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Marks Question 11 Historical and Societal Influences, and the Scope of the Profession (10 marks) (a) Old and modern rescue vehicles are shown. Pre 1940 (i) Post 2000 Describe ONE development in materials that has enabled a material to be used in the modern vehicle that was not available for use in the older vehicle. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Outline an engineering system used in the modern vehicle that was not available when the older vehicle was produced. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 11 continues on page 10 346 9 2 Marks Question 11 (continued) (b) An engineering project involves designing a rescue winch system that is to be attached to the side of a helicopter, as shown. (i) Explain the role an engineer would perform in this project to ensure the helicopter and rescue winch operate safely when in service. 3 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) After a number of winch systems have been manufactured and installed on helicopters, an engineer has concerns about the safe operation of the system. Propose actions the engineer should take to resolve the situation. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... End of Question 11 10 Board of Studies NSW 2007 3 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 12 Civil Structures (10 marks) (a) A temporary bridge is constructed using pin-jointed trusses and beams. 4m Member X 60 RL (i) 60 20 kN 30 kN RR Calculate the magnitude of the reaction at RL . 1 Magnitude of the reaction at RL = ............................... kN (ii) Calculate the tensile force in truss member X. Tensile force in truss member X = ............................... kN Question 12 continues on page 12 347 11 2 Marks Question 12 (continued) (b) A beam on the bridge is loaded as shown below. 1m 2m 2m Cross-beam 6 kN 5 kN (i) 5 kN 4 kN Plot both the shear force diagram and the bending moment diagram on the axes given below. 0 kN Shear force diagram 0 kNm Bending moment diagram Question 12 continues on page 13 12 3 Marks Question 12 (continued) (ii) The diagrams show two steel beams that have equal cross-sectional areas. 2 Explain why an engineer would use the hollow beam rather than the solid beam. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (c) Explain why reinforced concrete is typically used for foundations in civil structures. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... End of Question 12 13 2 BLANK PAGE 14 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 13 Personal and Public Transport (10 marks) A 5.3 tonne vehicle has been designed to transport personnel and equipment in emergency situations. The side windows of the vehicle are made from toughened glass. A ladder is fixed to the side of the vehicle. (a) Explain how the process of producing toughened glass changes the characteristics of the glass. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 13 continues on page 16 348 15 3 Marks Question 13 (continued) (b) Compare aluminium alloy with mild steel as the construction material for the ladder fixed to the side of the vehicle. Consider both the fabrication and use of the ladder. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 13 continues on page 17 16 3 Marks Question 13 (continued) (c) (i) The vehicle travels at a constant velocity for 1 kilometre on a level road. The time taken for the journey is 60 seconds. The power required to maintain this velocity is 300 kW. 2 Calculate the resistance to motion. Resistance force = ................................ kN (ii) The same vehicle is travelling at 7 m/s up a 5 slope when the engine is disengaged and the vehicle is allowed to coast to a stop. Calculate how far up the slope it will coast before stopping. Distance = .................................. m End of Question 13 17 2 BLANK PAGE 18 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 14 Lifting Devices (10 marks) The electrically-controlled hydraulic lifting arm shown below is used to load and unload equipment from transport vehicles. A Pivot point bolt Pin Ram Ram (a) (i) Calculate the force in the ram when the arm is vertically loaded with a 240 kg mass at position A. Measurements can be taken from the diagram. Force = ................................. kN Question 14 continues on page 20 349 19 3 Marks Question 14 (continued) (ii) A high tensile steel pin with a cross-sectional area of 110 mm2 holds the ram in place as shown. The ultimate shear stress for the steel is 880 MPa and a factor of safety of 4 is to be used. Pin in Calculate the maximum shear force the pin can support. Force = ................................. kN Question 14 continues on page 21 20 3 Marks Question 14 (continued) (b) The high tensile steel pivot point bolt is produced from round bar. Describe a suitable process to manufacture: the bolt head; .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... the thread. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... Question 14 continues on page 22 21 2 Marks Question 14 (continued) (c) Raising and lowering the lifting arm is achieved by hydraulic action which is controlled by an electrical system. Ram Ram Hydraulic pump and Electric motor Pump and motor motor Pump and motor Pu Raise Raise Lower Lower The hydraulic pump is attached to an electric motor. The direction of the hydraulic oil flow when raising or lowering the arm is shown. Why is an electrical system used to control the direction of the arm? ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 14 22 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 15 Aeronautical Engineering (15 marks) (a) As an aircraft comes in to land, its velocity is decreased. 2 What adjustments would the pilot make to the aerodynamics of the aircraft in order to compensate for this reduced velocity? Rudder Elevator Flap Aileron ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 15 continues on page 24 350 23 Marks Question 15 (continued) (b) The diagram shows defects found in an aircraft panel during a routine visual inspection. Awaiting Copyright (i) Identify ONE of these defects. Describe the conditions that would have led to this defect, and suggest a suitable way of preventing this type of defect occurring in the future. 3 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Name and describe ONE test that would identify a defect that is not able to be detected by a regular visual inspection. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 15 continues on page 25 24 2 Marks Question 15 (continued) (c) The diagram shows the vertical force system for an aircraft in level flight. F Lift Centre of gravity 4m 40 m 4000 kN (i) Calculate the magnitude of the force (F ) required at the horizontal stabiliser/ elevator to ensure that the aircraft stays trimmed level. 1 Magnitude of the force = ................................ kN (ii) Why are aluminium copper (duralumin) alloys preferred for airframe construction over pure aluminium? ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 15 continues on page 26 25 3 Marks Question 15 (continued) (d) The top and front views of a guide are shown below. Sketch a freehand pictorial drawing of this guide to the same scale. View direction End of Question 15 26 Board of Studies NSW 2007 4 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Marks Question 16 Telecommunication (15 marks) (a) (i) Modulation is used in the wireless transmission of low frequency signals such as voice. Give reasons for the use of modulation. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain the process of amplitude modulation (AM) of a signal. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 16 continues on page 28 351 27 2 Marks Question 16 (continued) (iii) The electronic circuit shown can be used to demodulate an amplitude modulated (AM) signal. Given the input signal, draw the expected output signal of this circuit. 2 Diode Input Capacitor V Resistor Output V Time Input signal Time Output signal (b) Describe a geosynchronous satellite orbit. 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Suggest the most appropriate cable type to be used for communication over the distances and frequency ranges given in the table below. Cost is a major component in the selection. Frequency Distance 200 kHz 0.5 km 20 MHz 5.0 km 900 GHz Cable type 40.0 km Question 16 continues on page 29 28 2 Marks Question 16 (continued) (d) The diagram shows an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) that needs to be protected by a weather- and impact-resistant case. Awaiting Copyright Identify a suitable material and a suitable method of manufacturing the EPIRB case. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 16 continues on page 30 29 1 Marks Question 16 (continued) (e) Draw a fully sectioned orthogonal front view of the cable tensioner parts shown when viewed from direction A . The parts are to be fully assembled and drawn to a scale of 3 : 1. Awaiting Copyright End of Question 16 30 Board of Studies NSW 2007 5 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section III 20 marks Attempt Questions 17 18 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Question 17 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) Please turn over 352 31 Marks Question 17 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) A transportable road safety sign is shown. (a) Three systems for recharging the battery bank on-site are being considered by an engineer. The alternative systems are solar cells, a wind turbine, or a petrol engine generator. Identify FIVE criteria that could be used to evaluate the best system to recharge the battery bank for this application, and explain why each criteria is relevant. (i) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (ii) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (iii) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (iv) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (v) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ Question 17 continues on page 33 32 3 Marks Question 17 (continued) (b) Identify a specific process for manufacturing each of the trailer parts, and give a reason for your choice. Mudguard (mild steel) ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... Mudguard Suspension spring (medium carbon steel) ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... Suspension spring Brake and turn indicator light cover (PVC) ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... Light cover Question 17 continues on page 34 33 3 Marks Question 17 (continued) (c) What occupational health and safety (OHS) issues should have been considered in the design of the trailer for safe use? 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (d) Identify the arrangement of the electrical connections of the batteries within the battery bank shown below, and determine the output voltage. Output terminals of the battery bank 6V 6V 6V 6V The battery bank ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 17 34 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section III (continued) Student Number Question 18 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) Please turn over 353 35 Marks Question 18 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) (a) (i) The diagram shows the front view of a helicopter and its rescue winch system. The force in the top horizontal member of the winch system, A, caused by the rescue load, is 900 N. Calculate the magnitude, direction and sense of the reaction at B. Measurements can be taken from the diagram. A Winch cable TO SCALE B Load Magnitude, direction and sense = ...................................... Question 18 continues on page 37 36 2 Marks Question 18 (continued) (ii) In another situation, the load on the winch cable is 1100 N. The cross-sectional area of the cable material is 37 mm2 and the Young s Modulus of the material is 210 GPa. 2 Calculate the extension that would occur in a 10 metre length of cable material. Extension = ............................... mm (b) What data does a tensile test provide, and how could this data aid in the selection of an appropriate material for the horizontal member A ? 3 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) The rotor blade of the helicopter is manufactured from a composite material. Give reasons for using a composite material in this application. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of paper 37 3 BLANK PAGE 38 Board of Studies NSW 2007 2 007 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies FORMULAE SHEET Force, Moments F = ma ; M = Fd Fx = 0 ; Fy = 0 ; M = 0 If a body is in equilibrium, then Friction F = N ; = tan E nergy, Work, Pow r e PE = mgh ; KE = 1 mv 2 ; 2 W = Fs = PE + KE ; P= Pressure P= F ; A P = Po + gh Stress a d Strain n = F ; A = allowable = e ; L E= yield F o f S ; (Ductile); = My allowable = Machines MA = 354 L ; E VR = dE dL ; = I MA VR 39 UTS F of S (Brittle) W t BLANK PAGE 40 Board of Studies NSW 2007

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Engineering Studies 2007
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