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NSW HSC 2009 : ENGINEERING STUDIES

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2009 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Engineering Studies Total marks 100 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A formulae sheet is provided at the back of this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27 and 29 345 S ection I Pages 2 6 10 marks Attempt Questions 1 10 Allow about 20 minutes for this section S ection II Pages 9 25 70 marks Attempt Questions 11 16 Allow about 2 hours for this section S ection III Pages 27 31 20 marks Attempt Questions 17 18 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Section I 10 marks Attempt Questions 1 10 Allow about 20 minutes for this section Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 10. 1 Which property is measured by an Izod impact test? (A) Hardness (B) Malleability (C) Notch toughness (D) Compression strength 2 A 4 kg lamp is suspended at the centre of a wire as shown. 30 30 Lamp What is the tension in the wire? (A) 20.0 N (B) 34.4 N (C) 40.0 N (D) 68.8 N 2 3 The orthogonal views represent a hollow transition piece from square tube to rectangular tube. ae f b dh g c da he cb gf Which of the following diagrams represents the development of the transition piece? (A) (C) 4 (B) (D) In a permanent magnet DC motor, the direction of rotation can be changed by (A) reducing the supply voltage. (B) reducing the armature current. (C) reversing the polarity of the stator current. (D) reversing the polarity of the supply voltage. 3 5 A cantilevered beam is supported by two wire stays. TOP VIEW Scale 1 : 100 FRONT VIEW What is the true length of each of the stays? (A) 70 mm (B) 80 mm (C) 7.0 m (D) 8.0 m 4 6 A box is placed on an inclined plane as shown. The coefficient of friction, , is equal to 0.33. 20 Which statement is true? (A) The box will remain stationary. (B) The box will accelerate down the plane. (C) The box will move down the plane at a constant rate. (D) The box will move down the plane at a decreasing rate. 7 Which two mechanical properties would be most desirable in a steel trailer suspension spring? (A) Hardness and toughness (B) Toughness and weldability (C) Weldability and resilience (D) Resilience and high yield strength 8 The equivalent DC voltage of an AC voltage is (A) 0.500 times the peak AC voltage. (B) 0.707 times the peak AC voltage. (C) 1.412 times the peak AC voltage. (D) 3.000 times the peak AC voltage. 9 A copper water pipe is attached to a wooden fence with a pressed mild steel saddle. The pipe and saddle are frequently wet. In this situation the copper pipe will (A) have the higher positive potential and corrode. (B) cathodically protect the saddle from corroding. (C) form a sacrificial anode and protect the saddle from corroding. (D) form a galvanic cell with the saddle causing the saddle to corrode. 5 10 A beam is loaded as shown. 8.0 kN 12.0 kN 3.5 m 3.0 m 3.5 m 9.4 kN 10.6 kN Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the bending moment? (A) 32.9 37.1 37.1 32.9 kNm 0 (B) 0 kNm 28.0 (C) 0 kNm 42.0 (D) 0 kNm 28.0 42.0 6 BLANK PAGE 7 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II 70 marks Attempt Questions 11 16 Allow about 2 hours for this section Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Question 11 Historical and Societal Influences, and the Scope of the Profession (10 marks) The images show two bridges built about a century apart. Bridge X (c 1890) (a) Bridge Y (c 1990) List the responsibilities of the site engineer during construction of Bridge Y. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Outline an innovation in engineering materials and an innovation in construction methods that were available for Bridge Y that were not available for Bridge X. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 11 continues on page 10 346 9 3 Question 11 (continued) (c) (i) Bridge X is an item of engineering heritage. 2 Describe issues that engineers would need to consider to ensure the preservation of this structure. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain why engineers, from different fields, worked in teams during the construction of Bridge Y. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... End of Question 11 10 Board of Studies NSW 2009 3 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 12 Civil Structures (10 marks) (a) A steel section for a truss bridge has been cold rolled. Outline the changes in the mechanical properties of the steel section due to cold rolling. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 12 continues on page 12 347 11 2 Question 12 (continued) (b) The pin-jointed truss shown is used to span a creek. Each panel is 4 m long by 3 m high. 7.5 kN 12.0 kN C 8 kN 3m A 4m D B 20 m (i) Calculate the magnitude of horizontal and vertical reactions at support B. 2 Horizontal reaction at B ................................. kN Vertical reaction at B ................................. kN (ii) Determine the magnitude of the compression force in member BC. Magnitude of force ................................. kN Question 12 continues on page 13 12 2 Question 12 (continued) (c) A hole or recess has to be cut in a structural beam for service pipes to pass through. Possible locations for the hole or recess are shown below. C A B (i) Explain which location A, B or C would have least effect on the bending strength of the beam. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain why rounded corners would be used in preference to square corners for the hole or recess in this situation. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... End of Question 12 13 2 BLANK PAGE 14 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 13 Personal and Public Transport (10 marks) (a) The cross-section of a piece of 0.7% carbon steel railway track is shown. Head Martensite microstructure A Ferrite and pearlite microstructure (i) A small surface crack is suspected at A. 2 Name and describe a test that could be used to detect the crack. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Name and describe a heat treatment process that could have been used to produce the martensite microstructure in the head. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 13 continues on page 16 348 15 3 Question 13 (continued) (b) Windows in modern trains are made from laminated glass. 3 Explain how the structure of a laminated glass train window protects people in case of an accident. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Digital logic is used to control the operation of doors on a train. The doors will open only when the train is not moving and either an emergency occurs, or when requested by the driver if the brakes are on. Inputs Emergency Driver request Train moving Brakes off Output No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Doors open 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 No Yes 0 1 Input 1 Input 2 NOT AND OR Input 3 Input 4 AND Output NOT Using the information above, identify inputs 1, 2 and 3 to ensure the correct operation of the train doors. Input 4 has been identified. Input 1: ................................................................ Input 2: ................................................................ Input 3: ................................................................ Train moving Input 4: ................................................................ End of Question 13 16 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 14 Lifting Devices (10 marks) (a) A tower crane is used on a building site. 65 m 15 m 9 tonne M B (i) Calculate the mass, M, that can be balanced by the 9 tonne counterweight. Neglect the mass of the jib. 1 Mass ............................. tonne (ii) Assume the jib and tower trusses have a total mass of 4 tonne acting down the axis of the tower. Calculate the magnitude of the reactions at B with the 9 tonne counterweight in place and with no mass at M. Vertical reaction ................................. kN Moment reaction ............................ MNm Question 14 continues on page 18 349 17 3 Question 14 (continued) (b) A bolt used in the crane structure shown in part (a) is subjected to a tensile test which produces a stress/strain graph as shown. B 600 Stress (MPa) 450 300 A Strain (%) The maximum allowable stress in service for the bolt is marked as Point A. (i) Explain why the stress value at A is used for calculations instead of the stress value at B. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Calculate the minimum diameter of the bolt that will support a tensile load of 76.35 kN with a maximum allowable stress of 300 MPa. 2 Diameter ............................... mm (c) A permanent magnet DC motor is connected to a constant mechanical load. Describe how pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to vary the speed of the motor. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 14 18 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 15 Aeronautical Engineering (15 marks) (a) The diagram shows features of a turboprop aircraft. Elevators Turboprop engine (i) Describe the operation of a turboprop engine to produce thrust. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) In terms of airflow, how do elevators control the pitch of an aircraft? ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 15 continues on page 20 350 19 2 Question 15 (continued) (b) Polymer adhesives are widely used in structural applications in modern aircraft in place of metal rivets. 3 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the use of polymer adhesives in aircraft. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) An aircraft of mass 300 tonnes is in a steep descent. The aircraft has a lift to drag ratio (L:D) of 8:1. 15 Calculate the drag while maintaining constant velocity. Drag ................................. kN Question 15 continues on page 21 20 2 Question 15 (continued) (d) A double-acting hydraulic ram operates a control surface on an aircraft. A hydraulic pressure of 10.3 MPa is applied to the fluid inside the cylinder. 95 inside Cylinder Ram Calculate the force produced on the ram. Force ................................. kN Question 15 continues on page 22 21 2 Question 15 (continued) (e) Orthogonal views of an aircraft cable mount are provided. Draw a pictorial sketch of the mount from the direction of the arrow. Transfer sizes directly from the orthogonal views. End of Question 15 22 Board of Studies NSW 2009 4 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section II (continued) Student Number Question 16 Telecommunication (15 marks) (a) Various cable types are used in telecommunications systems. List ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of each of the following cable types. Unshielded twisted pair Advantage: ............................................................................................................ Disadvantage: ....................................................................................................... Coaxial Advantage: ............................................................................................................ Disadvantage: ....................................................................................................... Optical fibre Advantage: ............................................................................................................ Disadvantage: ....................................................................................................... Question 16 continues on page 24 351 23 3 Question 16 (continued) (b) Describe the term multiplexing in the context of a telecommunications system. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Given the message and carrier signals below, sketch the output of the FM modulator. 2 Message signal output FM Modulator Carrier signal (d) Compare the modulation techniques used to transmit analogue television signals. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 16 continues on page 25 24 3 Question 16 (continued) (e) An isometric view of an antenna anchor for a guy wire is given. 5 Web 10 thick 100 4 holes 10 equispaced on 70 PCD 50 M20 2 Minimum length 65 10 40 5 10 120 VIEW 20 Sketch a full sectional front view of the assembled antenna anchor from the direction of the arrow. Scale: Full size End of Question 16 25 BLANK PAGE 26 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section III 20 marks Attempt Questions 17 18 Allow about 40 minutes for this section Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Question 17 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) Two different types of roadside crash barriers are shown. Cable barrier (a) (i) Concrete barrier Outline the social benefits of using crash barriers on roads. 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain how barriers such as these function to reduce the severity of road accidents. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Question 17 continues on page 28 352 27 2 Question 17 (continued) (b) (i) In an engineering report, what criteria would an engineer use to compare the performance of the cable and concrete barriers? 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain why an engineer would recommend using steel for the cable and polypropylene for the posts in the cable barrier system. 2 Steel cable ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... Polypropylene posts ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... (c) If the maximum strain in a cable is 0.02, calculate the maximum force that can be applied to the cable, where Young s modulus, E, is 195 GPa and Area, A, is 180 mm2. Maximum force ................................. kN End of Question 17 28 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies Centre Number Section III (continued) Student Number Question 18 Engineering and the Engineering Report (10 marks) The use of the Smart Pole enhances the display of traffic management, street signage, ambient lighting and other visual elements of an intersection. Traditional intersection with street and traffic lights (a) Smart Pole intersection What criteria, other than installation cost, would an engineer use to determine the feasibility of installing a Smart Pole system in a city? ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 18 continues on page 30 353 29 2 Question 18 (continued) (b) Polycarbonate and aluminium alloy are being considered as alternative materials for a traffic light housing. 3 Compare the use of these materials for this application. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Incandescent lamps are being replaced with solid state LED devices in traffic lights. (i) Shown below is a simple circuit to drive a single LED. R 6 volts + I = 15 mA For correct operation the required voltage drop across the LED is 1.5 V. Using Ohm s law (V = IR ), determine the value of the resistance R for correct operation, when the desired current I is 15 mA. Resistance .................................. Question 18 continues on page 31 30 2 Question 18 (continued) (ii) Two possible circuits used to drive a cluster of 12 LEDs for a traffic light are shown. Circuit 1 R1 V1 + Circuit 2 R2 R2 R2 R2 V2 + Choose ONE of these circuits and justify the choice for use in traffic lights. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... End of paper 31 3 BLANK PAGE 32 Board of Studies NSW 2009 2 009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Engineering Studies FORMULAE SHEET Force, Moments F = ma ; M = Fd Fx = 0 ; Fy = 0 ; M = 0 If a body is in equilibrium, then Friction F = N ; = tan E nergy, Work, Power e PE = mgh ; KE = 1 mv 2 ; 2 W = Fs = PE + KE ; P= Pressure P= F ; A P = Po + gh Stress and Strain n = F ; A = allowable = e ; L yield F of S E= ; (Ductile); = My allowable = Machines MA = 354 L ; E VR = dE dL ; = I MA VR 33 UTS F of S (Brittle) W t BLANK PAGE 34 Board of Studies NSW 2009

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Engineering Studies 2009
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