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NSW HSC 2001 : SENIOR SCIENCE

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2001 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Senior Science Total marks 100 Section I General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 13, 15, 19 and 21 Pages 2 23 75 marks This section has two parts, Part A and Part B Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 26 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Section II Pages 25 34 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 27 31 Allow about 45 minutes for this section 233 Section I 75 marks Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet. Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 A (B) 6 (C) 8 B C (D) 9 D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. correct A B C 2 D 1 Lipstick manufacturers usually choose colourings that are insoluble in water. What is one advantage of colourings that are insoluble in water? (A) The colouring is more easily washed out of clothes. (B) The colouring is less easily wiped off by licking. (C) The lipstick is less likely to melt in hot weather. (D) The lipstick is less toxic. 2 The diagram shows the cleaning instructions on a paint tin. Based on the information given on the label, what is the solvent used in this paint? (A) Alcohol (B) Detergent (C) Soap (D) Water 3 The instructions on the label of a medicine bottle state: Shake well before use . Based on the instructions given on the label, what type of substance is this medicine? (A) Colloid (B) Cosmetic (C) Solution (D) Suspension 3 4 The diagram shows information on the label of a face-wash product. What is the likely pH range of this product? (A) pH 6.3 6.5 (B) pH 6.9 7.1 (C) pH 7.5 7.7 (D) pH 7.9 8.1 5 Detergent changes the surface tension of water. A student investigated how changing the surface tension affected the ability of a water-strider insect to walk on pond water. Detergent Water-strider Pond water Beaker The student used a control in this investigation. How would the control have been different from the set-up shown in the diagram? (A) A pin replaced the water-strider. (B) A small pond replaced the beaker. (C) Water replaced detergent in the bottle. (D) Detergent replaced pond water in the beaker. 4 6 The diagram shows some replacement parts of the human body. Cochlear implant Cornea Heart valve Heart Kidney Artificial artery Hip joint Artificial ligament Knee joint What is common to all of these replacements? (A) They are more durable than the original organs and body parts. (B) They require organs donated by people. (C) They perform the functions of the body parts they replace. (D) They perform better than the original, undamaged body part. 7 Dentures and artificial heart valves are examples of biomedical devices. What is one reason that dentures have been successfully used for a much longer time than artificial heart valves? (A) People are more concerned with their appearance than with heart disease. (B) The function of teeth is easier to copy than the function of the heart. (C) Toothaches are more common than heart attacks. (D) Heart attacks are more life threatening than toothaches. 5 8 Which one of the following medical techniques is classified as minimally invasive? (A) X-rays (B) Ultrasound (C) Keyhole surgery (D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 9 The diagram represents a heart lung machine. Blood to patient Blood from patient Pump Filter Oxygenator O2 in CO2 out Heater Which part of the heart lung machine carries out the function of the alveoli? (A) Pump (B) Oxygenator (C) Heater (D) Filter 6 10 Facsimile (fax) machines send images of written material over the telephone. The page is first scanned with a beam of laser light. The reflected light is then converted by a photodiode. Into what form of energy does the photodiode convert light? (A) Chemical (B) Electrical (C) Light (D) Sound 11 Which is the correct classification of the information systems shown in the table? Verbal Electronic Long distance (A) Mobile phone Sign language (B) Fax Sign language Fax (C) Sign language Road signs Road signs (D) 12 Sign language Mobile phone Fax Mobile phone What is one disadvantage of using microwaves compared to AM radiowaves for communication? (A) Microwaves travel more slowly. (B) Microwaves require longer antennas. (C) Microwaves require line-of-sight reception. (D) Microwaves carry fewer conversations in the same bandwidth. 7 13 The diagram shows a circuit that can be used to code a message. The coded message consists of a series of flashes of light. Power source Light bulb Switch In Morse code, the message consists of a series of dots (short flashes) and dashes (long flashes). In binary code the message consists of a series of ones (light on) and zeros (light off). The table shows some letters in the alphabet coded in Morse code and in binary code. Letter Morse code signal Binary code signal a dot dash 01000001 i dot dot 01001001 k dash dot dash 01001011 m dash dash 01001101 What would a person notice if these letters were coded into Morse code and into binary code? (A) The binary code for letters k and m would be the same. (B) In the binary code, each letter would be made of signals of equal length. (C) Each letter in Morse code would consist of more light flashes than in binary code. (D) In Morse code, each letter would have light flashes of equal length. 14 What is the sequence of energy transformations that occurs from the moment people speak into their mobile telephones until the message leaves the phone? (A) sound kinetic electrical electromagnetic (B) sound potential electromagnetic kinetic (C) sound electromagnetic potential electrical (D) sound electrical kinetic electromagnetic 8 The diagram shows information about the electromagnetic spectrum. Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) 1022 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 1 10 14 10 13 10 12 10 11 10 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 10 6 10 5 gamma rays X-rays ultraviolet radiation VISIBLE LIGHT infra-red radiation microwaves television AM radio communications EHF SHF UHF VHF HF MF LF radio frequencies 15 radar VLF 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Television uses higher frequencies than AM radio. (B) Radar uses shorter wavelengths than visible light. (C) Visible light includes wavelengths between 1014 and 1015 m. (D) Communication technologies can only use waves with frequencies in the range of 104 1014 Hz. 9 BLANK PAGE 10 BLANK PAGE 11 BLANK PAGE 12 Board of Studies NSW 2001 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Senior Science Centre Number Section I (continued) Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 26 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Marks Question 16 (6 marks) Medications are most conveniently taken by mouth. (a) Outline the role of the circulatory system in the treatment of disease when using medications taken by mouth. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Discuss problems associated with taking medications by mouth. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 234 13 4 Marks Question 17 (6 marks) You have performed an investigation to compare the solubility of different types of tablets and capsules. 6 Assess the validity of the conclusions you drew from this investigation. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Question 18 (3 marks) Explain ONE advantage of a colloid compared to another type of suspension. In your answer, refer to a specific colloid. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Board of Studies NSW 2001 3 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Senior Science Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 19 (7 marks) Discuss the biodegradability of soaps and soapless detergents. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 235 15 7 Marks Question 20 (2 marks) Label ONE pivot joint and ONE hinge joint on the diagram. 16 2 Marks Question 21 (6 marks) The sino-atrial node controls the rhythmic contractions of the heart by sending out tiny electrical impulses, as shown in the diagram. Nerves Sino-atrial node KEY Electrical impulse Atrio-ventricular node (a) Name the device that can perform the role of the sino-atrial node. 1 ..................................................................................... (b) Explain the problems that result when the sino-atrial node does not perform normally. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 17 5 BLANK PAGE 18 Board of Studies NSW 2001 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Senior Science Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 22 (7 marks) (a) Explain ONE effect of a build-up of plaque in blood vessels on the flow of blood. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of TWO treatments available to a patient suffering from the effects of a build-up of plaque in their arteries. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 236 19 5 Marks Question 23 (5 marks) The diagram shows an artificial hip. Often a superalloy metal is used to make these parts. Ball Pelvic socket Femoral component (a) Describe TWO properties of the superalloy that make this metal suitable for use as a replacement for bones in the joint. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Explain why artificial joints need to have the ball and socket covered in polyethylene. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 20 Board of Studies NSW 2001 3 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Senior Science Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 24 (3 marks) Mobile phones use microwaves. Describe the properties of microwaves that make them useful in mobile phone communication. 3 ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Question 25 (7 marks) (a) When a television signal reaches your house it passes from the aerial, through the television, to your eye. Construct a flowchart to show the sequence of events in the transfer of this message. On your flowchart, indicate the energy transformation occurring at each stage, and label ONE place where decoding occurs. Question 25 continues on page 22 237 21 3 Marks Question 25 (continued) (b) During the 1940s, radio was the main form of electronic mass communication in Australian homes. Now televisions are common. Analyse the impact of this change in mass communication on society. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 25 22 4 Marks Question 26 (8 marks) You have carried out an investigation in which you observed the transmission of light through an optic fibre, and compared it with another material such as nylon or glass. Write a scientific report on this investigation. Your report should include: your method, including a diagram; an outline of the observations you made; an analysis of your results; and your conclusions. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 23 8 BLANK PAGE 24 Board of Studies NSW 2001 200 1 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Senior Science Section II 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 27 31 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Pages Question 27 Question 28 Preservatives and Additives ...................................... 29 30 Question 29 Pharmaceuticals .............................................................. 31 Question 30 Disasters ................................................................... 32 33 Question 31 238A Polymers ................................................................... 26 28 Space Science ................................................................. 34 25 Marks Question 27 Polymers (25 marks) (a) Modern society uses many different natural and synthetic polymers. (i) 1 (ii) (b) What is a polymer? Describe a property of ONE natural polymer that makes the polymer suitable for a specific purpose. 2 The table compares some of the properties of spider silk, Kevlar and steel. Spider silk Kevlar Steel Relative weight ultra-light light heavy Relative strength 100 5 1 Relative elasticity high low low Spider silk (i) How many times stronger than Kevlar is spider silk? 1 (ii) Scientists predict that spider silk will be mass produced in the near future and will replace other materials. Kevlar is presently made into ropes for towing cars. 3 Using the information in the table, explain whether spider silk would make a suitable alternative to Kevlar for ropes for towing cars. Question 27 continues on page 27 26 Marks Question 27 (continued) (c) The plastics industry has developed a coding system that labels objects with a number from 1 to 7. Code 5 Type of plastic 1 Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) 2 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 3 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 4 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 5 Polypropylene (PP) 6 Polystyrene (PS) 7 All others: eg polyamide, acrylic, polyurethane Assess the value of using this coding system in reducing the impact of synthetic polymers on the environment. (d) During your study of Polymers, you investigated the effect of temperature on polymers. (i) Explain why you selected a particular piece of equipment to test the effect of temperature on polymers. 2 (ii) Summarise the results of your experiment. 4 Question 27 continues on page 28 27 Marks Question 27 (continued) The environment group of a school was concerned about the amount of plastic material thrown out each day by students. The group wanted to devise ways to reduce the waste. It wanted to know if the plastic material was brought to the school by the students or was purchased from the school canteen. The group analysed the waste from one garbage bin on the oval side of E-block. Canteen A-Block Quadrangle E-Block B-Block Hall (e) School oval C-Block D-Block Garbage bins not analysed Garbage bin analysed For one month, the waste plastic in the garbage bin was collected and analysed each Monday at recess. Each week the group found that the garbage bin contained twice as much school-generated waste as home-generated waste. Analyse the accuracy and reliability of this investigation, and suggest ways of improving the investigation. End of Question 27 28 7 Marks Question 28 Preservatives and Additives (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify ONE process that can be used to physically preserve food. 1 (ii) (a) Describe how this process preserves food. 2 The diagrams show the effect of temperature on the bacteria that cause foodpoisoning and the food-poisoning chain. Effect of temperature on food-poisoning bacteria C 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 The food-poisoning chain Foodpoisoning contaminate high risk given food bacteria time and warm conditions multiply then infect people (i) Foods are sometimes kept warm at approximately 55 C. What is ONE problem associated with this practice? 1 (ii) Explain how you could break the food-poisoning chain to prevent foodpoisoning. 3 Question 28 continues on page 30 29 Marks Question 28 (continued) (c) (d) Identify and explain the important steps leading to the discovery of the antibiotic, penicillin. 5 Outline an investigation in which you determined the pH of a range of consumer products. 3 (ii) (e) (i) Explain how pH might influence the activity of microorganisms during the manufacture of these products. 3 The National Food Authority uses codes as alternatives to the names of preservatives and additives on labels. 7 Assess the need for labelling of additives and preservatives. End of Question 28 30 Marks Question 29 Pharmaceuticals (25 marks) (a) (i) Identify ONE type of blood vessel found in the human circulatory system. 1 (ii) Compare the blood-carrying capacity of this type of vessel with that of a different type of blood vessel. 2 (b) Using a diagram, explain how a nerve impulse travels along a reflex arc. 4 (c) Identify and explain the important steps in the development of aspirin. 5 (d) A person s reaction time is the time between the person receiving a stimulus and producing a response. (i) 3 (ii) (e) Describe a first-hand investigation that you undertook to compare the reaction times of a number of people. Account for any differences that were found. 3 There is considerable evidence to suggest that many bacteria are becoming resistant to penicillin. Analyse a range of actions that may be useful in the future to minimise the risks posed by this resistance to penicillin. 31 7 Marks Question 30 Disasters (25 marks) (b) (i) Identify ONE Australian disaster where nature and human activity have combined to produce the disaster. 1 (ii) (a) Describe how the human activity contributed to this disaster. 2 The diagram shows a weather map indicating atmospheric conditions over Australia. 9 am Monday L Low KEY 1000 1004 1004 1008 1012 H 1024 Cold front 1008 1012 1016 1020 Isobar L Melbourne H L Low pressure area H High pressure area Rain (i) What is the lowest air pressure indicated by an isobar on this map? 1 (ii) The Bureau of Meteorology predicted the weather in Melbourne for Tuesday morning as Cooler conditions with strong south-westerly winds and rain . 3 Using the information from the map, suggest why this prediction was made. (c) During your study of Disasters, you have examined an evacuation drill procedure. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of this procedure in the case of a fire. Question 30 continues on page 33 32 5 Marks Question 30 (continued) (d) During your study of Disasters, you carried out a first-hand investigation to construct an alarm or safety device. (i) 2 (ii) (e) Describe how the device you built works. Evaluate the effectiveness of your device, including improvements you could have made to its design. 4 During a period of heavy rain, a river in a country area has risen significantly. The weather bureau predicts at least another week of heavy rain. Towns and farms near the river are at great risk of being flooded, which could have disastrous results. 7 Analyse the role that emergency services could play in preventing such a disaster, or minimising its impact. End of Question 30 Please turn over 33 Marks Question 31 Space Science (25 marks) (a) Astronauts who spend long periods of time in orbiting space stations can experience short-term and long-term effects on body functions. (i) 1 (ii) Describe what can be done to overcome the effect identified in part (i). 2 The weights of astronauts were measured at different distances from the Earth. The results for one astronaut are shown in the graph. Weight (N) (b) Identify ONE effect that long periods spent in space can have on the health of astronauts. Distance from Earth (km) (i) Describe what happened to the weight of the astronaut. 1 (ii) It is often said that astronauts in orbit experience weightlessness. Discuss why micro-gravity would be a more appropriate term to describe this effect. 3 (c) Discuss how ONE technology developed in the last thirty years has increased our understanding of space. 5 (d) During your study of Space Science, you carried out an investigation to demonstrate why a large booster rocket is required during lift-off, but not to re-enter the Earth s atmosphere. (i) 1 (ii) (e) Identify the equipment you used. Justify the appropriateness of your plan and explain how the accuracy and reliability of your investigation could be improved. 5 Assess the value of continuing the space program. End of paper 34 7 BLANK PAGE 35 BLANK PAGE 36 Board of Studies NSW 2001

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate Senior Science 2001
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