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NSW HSC 2004 : BIOLOGY

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2004 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N Biology Total marks 100 Section I General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 13, 15 and 19 Pages 2 21 75 marks This section has two parts, Part A and Part B Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 29 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Section II Pages 23 29 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 30 34 Allow about 45 minutes for this section 313 Section I 75 marks Part A 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet. Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 A (B) 6 (C) 8 B C (D) 9 D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. correct A B C 2 D 1 Which of the following statements can be used to describe a pathogen? (A) They are all viral. (B) They are all infectious. (C) They are all microscopic. (D) They are all macroparasites. 2 Which of the following helps prevent the entry of pathogens into humans? (A) Cilia (B) Antigens (C) B lymphocytes (D) Inflammation response 3 Recently, hospitals and medical practitioners have warned the community about the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). People were experiencing: high temperatures body aches pains similar to that of the flu. How would you classify these descriptions? (A) Controls (B) Symptoms (C) Warnings (D) Methods of transmission 4 What is the name of the scientist who identified the role of microbes in decay? (A) Macfarlane Burnet (B) Robert Koch (C) Louis Pasteur (D) Ronald Ross 3 5 The diagram below illustrates one process that occurs as part of an immune response. White blood cell Bacterium What process does the diagram illustrate? (A) Cytokinesis (B) Inflammation (C) Osmosis (D) Phagocytosis 6 Which adaptation assists temperature regulation in plants? (A) Large leaves for cooling (B) Increased production of seeds (C) Movement of glucose to roots (D) Evaporation of water from stomates 7 Blood travels around the body through arteries, veins and capillaries. Which of the following correctly describes the structure or function of each of these blood vessels? Artery Vein Capillary (A) Always carries oxygenated blood Always carries deoxygenated blood Always carries waste products (B) Thick muscular walls Thin walls with valves Walls one cell thick (C) Takes blood to the heart Thick muscular walls Takes blood to and from the heart (D) Carries blood under high pressure Carries blood under variable pressure Thin walls with valves 4 8 Which statement best describes a function of nephrons? (A) Filter waste products from the blood (B) Remove carbon dioxide from the blood (C) Collect urine from the blood (D) Remove the waste products directly from the cells in the blood 9 Which statement defines homeostasis in multicellular organisms? (A) Homeostasis is the process by which cells maintain their internal environment. (B) Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal and external environment of the organism. (C) Homeostasis is the process by which animals and plants maintain their body temperature. (D) Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment of the organism. 10 Which of the following sequences most correctly represents the results of a reaction involving an enzyme? KEY E Enzyme P1 Product1 P2 Product2 S Substrate (A) P1 + S P2 + E (B) S + E P1 + P2 (C) P1 + P2 + E S + E (D) S + E P1 + P2 + E 11 Which of the following is the correct base-pairing in DNA? (A) G C, A T (B) T U, A G (C) G T, A C (D) G C, A U 5 12 Reproductive technologies focus on the transfer of genetic information. Which process only involves the transfer of the nucleus? (A) Cloning (B) Transgenesis (C) Artificial pollination (D) Artificial insemination 13 In rabbits, black (B) coat colour is dominant over white (b) coat colour. Which Punnet square correctly represents a cross between a rabbit heterozygous for coat colour and a white rabbit? (A) (B) B b B BB Bb b Bb bb B b b Bb bb b Bb B b bb 14 Bb Bb b Bb Bb B b b Bb Bb b (C) B Bb Bb (D) Why is accurate replication of DNA important? (A) It leads to cell differentiation. (B) It maintains genetic information. (C) It allows for evolution of the species. (D) It enables cells to modify their proteins. 15 Generally, gametes produced by an organism will not be identical. Which of the following does NOT influence this genetic variability of gamete formation? (A) Mutation (B) Sex linkage (C) Independent assortment of alleles (D) Crossing over in homologous chromosomes 6 BLANK PAGE 7 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2004 2 004 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Biology Centre Number Section I (continued) Part B 60 marks Attempt Questions 16 29 Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part Student Number Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Marks Question 16 (4 marks) (a) On the diagram, clearly identify ONE nucleotide by placing a box around it. 1 Structure of portion of a DNA molecule Senior Biology, RJ King and FM Sullivan, Longman Australia/Pearson Education Australia.Reproduced with permission. (b) Outline the main steps of DNA replication. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 314 9 3 Marks Question 17 (7 marks) A plant breeder replicated one of Mendel s pea plant breeding experiments. The results of the cross between green (G) pods and yellow (g) pods are shown in the table. Generation Pod colour Green (G) Yellow (g) F1 0 F2 (a) 632 1560 482 List all possible genotypes of the F2 generation. 1 ............................................................................................................................... (b) Using your understanding of current genetic thinking, interpret the results of the F2 cross depicted above. 3 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Describe the features of TWO experimental techniques used by Mendel that led to his success. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 10 3 Marks Question 18 (6 marks) (a) A plant species found in the area immediately around Sydney has also been found in a small area in the Gibraltar Range in the far north of NSW. 3 Gibraltar Range Sydney Region Map of NSW Predict what might happen to the TWO populations over the next 5 million years, in terms of Darwin/Wallace s theory of evolution. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Justify the use of vertebrate forelimbs as evidence to support the theory of evolution. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... 11 3 BLANK PAGE 12 Board of Studies NSW 2004 2 004 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Biology Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 19 (4 marks) Further avian influenza outbreaks in Indonesia China Avian influenza has been found closer to Australian shores, with more outbreaks in Indonesia. The spread of the disease has slowed across most Asian countries, but in Indonesia it has spread as far south as Lombok and West Timor. Lombok The Australian Chicken Growers Council says the new outbreaks don t mean Australia s chances of contracting the disease are any greater, but high quarantine measures remain in place. West Timor Using avian influenza as an example, evaluate the effectiveness of quarantine measures in Australia. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 315 13 4 Marks Question 20 (3 marks) (a) Identify ONE type of T lymphocyte. 1 ............................................................................................................................... (b) Distinguish between the functions of B cells and T cells. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 21 (3 marks) The Murray-Darling Basin is the natural habitat of the Murray Cod, a native Australian freshwater fish. 3 Explain the implications of increased water salinity for the survival of the Murray Cod. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Question 22 (3 marks) Public health programs, pesticides and genetic engineering are used to control and/or prevent disease. Using an example, explain how ONE of these strategies has been used to control or prevent disease within the community. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Board of Studies NSW 2004 3 2 004 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Biology Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Marks Question 23 (3 marks) Current theories describe differences in the movement of substances through plants. 3 Compare the movement of substances in xylem and phloem tissues. Feature Xylem Phloem Material transported Process of movement Name of relevant current theory Question 24 (3 marks) Justify continued research into the development of artificial blood. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 316 15 3 Marks Question 25 (6 marks) (a) Death due to lung cancer in males and females in Australia Death rate per 100 000 population Time Males Females 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 59 56 55 51 52 50 48 47 19 19 19 19 18 19 19 20 Draw the most appropriate graph for the information, on the grid provided. Death due to lung cancer Question 25 continues on page 17 16 5 Marks Question 25 (continued) (b) Suggest additional data that needs to be gathered before a relationship between smoking and lung cancer can be inferred. 1 ............................................................................................................................... Question 26 (3 marks) You undertook a first-hand investigation to examine plant shoots and leaves for evidence of pathogens and insect pests. Using the information you gathered, complete the table. Plant shoot or plant leaf Evidence of pathogen Evidence of insect pest Equipment or procedure used for observation 17 3 BLANK PAGE 18 Board of Studies NSW 2004 2 004 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Biology Centre Number Section I Part B (continued) Student Number Question 27 (4 marks) Marks To study the effect of an antibiotic on three strains of bacteria (A, B, C ), agar plates were set up as shown. Agar plate 1 Agar plate 2 Agar plate 3 Method KEY Surface covered Surface covered Surface covered with bacterium A with bacterium B with bacterium C Disc of the same antibiotic X placed on each plate Clear zone no bacteria Incubation 37 C, 48 hours Result Bacterial growth The plates were incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. The diagrams of plates 1, 2 and 3 depict the results. (a) Write a conclusion to the experiment. 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (b) Identify ONE safe work practice used to minimise risks associated with handling or identifying microbes. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 27 continues on page 20 317 19 1 Marks Question 27 (continued) (c) In humans, bacterial infections are often treated with antibiotics. Explain why the complete course of antibiotics should be taken, even if the symptoms of infections have disappeared. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Question 28 (3 marks) All mutations are harmful. 3 Discuss this statement. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Marks Question 29 (8 marks) A space probe recently returned to Earth from a distant planet, with samples containing bacteria X. Biologists are interested in comparing the activity of an enzyme found in bacteria X with that found in bacteria E from Earth. Both bacteria contain an enzyme that produces a gas as a product of its activity on the same substrate. Environmental conditions where bacteria were collected Temperature pH ( C) Bacteria X 50 80 5.5 7.5 Bacteria E 37 55 6.5 8.5 State a hypothesis to be tested, and plan an investigation you could carry out to compare the activity of the enzymes found in these TWO bacteria under ONE of these conditions. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 21 8 BLANK PAGE 22 Board of Studies NSW 2004 2 004 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION Biology Section II 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 30 34 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Pages Question 30 Question 31 Biotechnology ............................................................................ 25 Question 32 Genetics: The Code Broken? ..................................................... 26 Question 33 The Human Story ................................................................. 27 28 Question 34 318 Communication .......................................................................... 24 Biochemistry .............................................................................. 29 23 Marks Question 30 Communication (25 marks) (b) (i) Name the part of the brain involved in perception and interpretation of light and sound. 1 (ii) (a) Describe the stimulus-response pathway that is used to respond to stimuli from the external environment. 3 During the study of Communication, you undertook an investigation to identify the relationship between wavelength, frequency and pitch of sound. (i) 4 (ii) (c) Provide an outline of the method followed in this investigation. Explain how this investigation increased your understanding of sound. 2 A focus of the option Communication was the technologies developed to overcome difficulties associated with the detection of, transmission of and response to stimuli in the environment. 7 Discuss the impact that these technologies have had on society. The graph depicts the relationship between light absorption by colour sensitive pigments (opsins) and wavelength of light. 100 Light absorbed by opsins (% of maximum) (d) 75 Blue Green Red 50 25 0 400 500 600 Wavelength (nm) (visible spectrum) Biology Options Communication, Glenda Chidrawi and Marilyn Mercer, 2003, McGraw- Hill Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney. (i) Explain why the brain is able to interpret a variety of colours. 2 (ii) With reference to light absorption of opsins, explain how a person can be colour blind. 2 (iii) Describe the use of colour for communication in animals other than humans, and relate this to the occurrence of colour vision in animals. 4 24 Marks Question 31 Biotechnology (25 marks) (b) (i) Name an ancient Australian Aboriginal use of biotechnology. 1 (ii) (a) Describe how the breeding of animals with desired characteristics may be considered as early biotechnology. 3 During the study of Biotechnology, you undertook an investigation to extract DNA from a suitable source. (i) 4 (ii) (c) Provide an outline of the method followed in this investigation. Outline uses of extracted DNA in biotechnology. 2 A focus of the option Biotechnology was an understanding of biotechnological processes and the application of these processes for assisting humans. 7 Discuss, using named examples, the impact of the application of biotechnology on society. (d) Fluorescent fish go on sale Despite objections from food safety and conservation groups, zebra fish genetically modified to fluoresce red went on sale in several pet stores in Florida last week. They re selling really well, says Steven Feinberg of the Pet Supermarket chain. Each GloFish costs $4.99, ten times as much as a normal zebra fish, he says. For this genetically modified fish to be produced, a number of processes would have been used. Gene splicing may have been one of them. (i) Outline the process of gene splicing to produce recombinant DNA. 2 (ii) Fluorescent zebra fish are able to mate with non-fluorescent fish to produce viable offspring. Propose an impact on the environment if the fluorescent fish are accidentally released. 2 (iii) Explain why some groups in society may have different views about the use of DNA technology to produce zebra fish that fluoresce. 4 25 Marks Question 32 Genetics: The Code Broken? (25 marks) (b) (i) Name the nitrogen base unique to mRNA. 1 (ii) (a) Outline how the information contained in DNA is used to produce a polypeptide. 3 During the study of Genetics: The Code Broken?, you undertook an investigation to model linkage. (i) 4 (ii) (c) Provide an outline of the method followed when modelling linkage. Explain how this investigation increased your understanding of linkage. 2 A focus of the option Genetics: The Code Broken? included genetic changes that occur as a result of human intervention. 7 Discuss the impact that genetic change due to human intervention has had on society. In two separate experiments, blood groups in humans and egg size in chickens were investigated. The following data were collected and the results graphed. Blood groups frequency Egg size frequency 30 60 50 40 Numbers Blood group numbers in population (d) 30 20 20 10 10 0 O A B Blood type 0 AB 45 50 55 60 Egg weight (g) 65 (i) Identify the graph that represents polygenic inheritance. 1 (ii) Discuss the differences between the graphs, supporting your answer with a description of polygenic and multiple allele inheritance. 4 (iii) Using an example, outline the use of highly variable genes for DNA fingerprinting of forensic samples. 3 26 Marks Question 33 The Human Story (25 marks) (a) Name the GENUS to which modern humans belong. 1 (ii) (b) (i) Describe THREE primate characteristics of prosimians. 3 During the study of The Human Story, you undertook an investigation to model DNA-DNA hybridisation. (i) 4 (ii) (c) Provide an outline of the method followed when modelling DNA-DNA hybridisation. Explain how this investigation increased your understanding of the use of DNA-DNA hybridisation in possible evolutionary relationships. 2 A focus of the option The Human Story was the use of fossil evidence to support various theories about human evolution. 7 Discuss the impact that modern technologies have on research in this area. Question 33 continues on page 28 27 M ar ks Q uestion 33 (continued) (d) T he three sets of diagrams below illustrate some anatomical differences between apes and humans. Awaiting Copyright Clearance (i) B ased on the data above, construct a table that describes the anatomical differences between an ape and a human. 4 (ii) How does the interpretation of the differences in T W O of these anatomical features provide evidence to support human evolution? 4 E nd of Question 33 28 Marks Question 34 Biochemistry (25 marks) (b) (i) Name the organelle where photosynthesis occurs. 1 (ii) (a) Describe the overall process of photosynthesis. 3 During the study of Biochemistry, you undertook an investigation to determine the effect of light intensity and temperature on gas production in a pond weed. (i) 4 (ii) (c) Provide an outline of the method followed in this investigation. Explain how this investigation increased your understanding of photosynthesis. 2 A focus of the option Biochemistry includes the study of reactions within living organisms. 7 Discuss the impact of new technologies on biological research. (d) Tswett invented a method for the separation of leaf pigments. The diagram represents possible results of Tswett s work. Solvent front Solvent Senior Biology, RJ King and FM Sullivan, Longman Australia 1995/Pearson Education Austalia. Reproduced with permission. (i) Name the method invented, and outline how Tswett would have interpreted the results. 2 (ii) Describe the role of chlorophyll in the light reaction. 2 (iii) Referring to a named scientist, explain the role of radioactive isotopes in determining our current understanding of photosynthesis. 4 End of paper 29 BLANK PAGE 30 Board of Studies NSW 2004

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Additional Info : New South Wales Higher School Certificate biology 2004
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