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ICSE Class X Notes 2025 : History and Civics

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Michael George
Hiranandani Foundation School (HFS), Thane

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FORWARD BLOC AND THE INA Subhash Chandra Bose He passed ICS exam but resigned from service as he didn t wanted to work under the British Crown and serve the nation. He became President of INC in 1938 at Haripura Session. Rift with Gandhiji (i) (ii) (iii) Bose favoured large scale industrialisation but Gandhiji favoured cottage industries. Bose wanted to deal British with tact but Gandhiji didn t agreed. He wanted to help people of Princely States but Gandhiji criticised. Rift in the Congress At Tripuri Session Gandhiji didn t wanted Subhash ji to stand for election of President of INC instead he wanted Pattabhi Sitaramayya. But Subhash ji won the Election. 13 member of Congress resigned making it impossible for Bose ji to function. FORWARD BLOC Bose felt the urgent need for an organised leftwing party in the Congress. After resigning from the Presidentship of the Congress in 1939, he laid the foundation of a new party within the Congress, to bring the entire left wing under one banner. OBJECTIVES OF THE FORWARD BLOC After attaining independence, Forward Bloc would work for the establishment of a Socialist State through: (i) reorganisation of agriculture and industry on socialist lines; (ii) abolition of the Zamindari system; and (iii) introduction of a new monetary and credit system. Events in South East Asia In March 1942, a conference of India was held in Tokyo and the Indian Independence League was formed. At Bangkok Conference, Rash Behari Bose was elected as President of the League. Subhash Chandra Bose escaped to Berlin in 1941 AD and set up Indian League there. INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY (INA) The idea of the Indian National Army (INA) was conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian officer in the British Indian Army. He decided not to join the retreating British army and instead went to the Japanese for help. Indian Prisoners of War (POW's) were handed over by the Japanese to Mohan Singh who inducted them into the INA. The fall of Singapore was crucial, for this brought 45,000 Indian POW's into Mohan Singh's sphere of influence out of which 42000 joined INA. CONTRIBUTION OF SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE In August 1943, he took the charge of the Indian National Army and became its supreme commander. He set up the INA headquarters in Yangon and in Singapore and began to reorganise the INA. Recruits were made from civilians. A women's regiment called the Rani Jhansi Regiment was led by Dr. Laxmi Swaminathan. OJECTIVES OF THE INA The main objectives of the INA were the following: (i) To organise an armed revolution and to fight the British army with modern arms. (ii) The Indians living abroad were given responsibility to organise armed rebellion. (iii) To organise a provisional government of Free India in order to mobilise all the forces effectively. (iv) Total mobilisation of Indian man-power and money for a total war. Provisional Government of Free India He setup provisional government of free India at Singapore. He declared war with British and US. He renamed Andaman and Nicobar Islands as Saheed and Swaraj Islands. INA captured Mowdok and Klang Klang, Ukhral and Kohima. They raised Tricolour for First time. Fate of INA As Japan withdrew from Indo Burma border. INA were without weapons and captured by the British force. Netaji left for Tokyo and met with a plane crash.

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