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ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Geography

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GEOGRAPHY (H.C.G. PAPER 2) Maximum Marks: 80 Time allowed: Two hours 1. Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately. 2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. 3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. 4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. 5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. 6. A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II. 7. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]. To be supplied with this paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and 20 cm of twine. Note: (i) In all map work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map. (ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 must not be taken out of the examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the paper. (iii) The map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet. (iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order. (v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is used to answer the rest of the paper. Instruction for the Supervising Examiner Kindly read aloud the Instructions given above to all the candidates present in the Examination Hall. This paper consists of 12 printed pages and 1 outline map of India. T25 502 I Turn Over Copyright reserved. PART I (30 Marks) (Attempt all questions from this Part.) Question 1 Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions: (i) (ii) (iii) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for the post office at Sanwara. (b) What is the general slope of the land? (a) Name any two types of scale shown on the map. (b) Which according to you is the universally accepted scale and why? Kamlesh while going from Wahan to Mohabbatgarh by car observed some [2] [2] [2] modern amenities which have been developed for the villagers. Name any two such facilities observed by him. (iv) (a) What is the difference in the means of transport used in grid square 6435 [2] from the one used in 6236? (b) Identify any two natural features in grid square 6631. (v) There is a large forest in the southeastern corner of the map. People of nearby areas cannot use the forest for commercial or household purposes. (a) Give a reason why the forest cannot be used by the people. (b) Why is the Fireline made in the above area? T25 502 I 2 [2] Question 2 On the outline map of India provided: (i) Mark and label the Nilgiris. [1] (ii) Shade and label Gulf of Khambat. [1] (iii) Shade and label a densely populated region in eastern part of India. [1] (iv) Mark and label an area of soil known for cotton cultivation. [1] (v) Shade and label the Kanara coastal plain. [1] (vi) Mark with arrows and name the winds that bring winter rainfall to Chennai. [1] (vii) Mark S for Singhbhum. [1] (viii) Mark and label the river Mahanadi. [1] (ix) Mark and label an inland freshwater lake. [1] (x) Mark and label Kochi. [1] Question 3 Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.) (i) The Retreating Monsoon season is experienced during ___________. (a) March April (b) September October (c) January February (d) October November T25 502 I 3 Turn Over (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Alluvial : rice : : Laterite : __________ (a) Jute (b) Coffee (c) Sugarcane (d) Wheat Which of the following statement about trees in xerophytic vegetation is TRUE? (a) They have dense undergrowth. (b) They have stunted growth with long roots. (c) They have broad green leaves. (d) Trees are tall and umbrella shaped. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting in India? (a) Reduction of soil erosion in cultivable land. (b) Promotion of excessive groundwater extraction. (c) Reduction of flooding of urban areas. (d) Increased availability of underground water. It is used for making aircrafts, ships and utensils: (a) Iron ore (b) Bauxite (c) Manganese (d) Copper T25 502 I 4 (vi) Assertion (A): Millets are mostly cultivated in the drier parts of India. Reason (R): Millets are drought and heat-resistant crops. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true. (vii) With which industry can the following image be associated? (a) Tea (b) Sugar (c) Silk (d) Cotton textile (viii) This mode of transport provides door to door service: (a) Roadway (b) Airway (c) Railway (d) Waterway T25 502 I 5 Turn Over (ix) (x) Materials like plastic, paper, glass, wood are usually sent for __________. (a) Recycling (b) Reduction (c) Incineration (d) Segregation In this process toxins get progressively concentrated in the tissues of organisms at higher level in the food chain. (a) Eutrophication (b) Vermi composting (c) Biomagnification (d) Contamination PART II (50 Marks) (Attempt any five questions from this Part.) Question 4 (i) The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) issued an alert predicting heavy [2] rainfall in Goa and Maharashtra over the next few days in July. Source: IMD Weather Report, July 23, 2024. (ii) (a) Name the winds which bring rainfall to the above-mentioned states. (b) Why does Goa experience more rainfall than the Deccan Plateau? Name the local winds which blow during the summer season in each of the following States: (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Assam T25 502 I 6 [2] (iii) Give a reason for each of the following: (a) [3] Kolkata experiences heavier rainfall than Patna. (b) Tourists do not carry woollens when they visit Kochi in the winter season. (c) Nainital experiences lower temperature than Lucknow during the summer season. (iv) Study the climate data of station X and answer the following questions: [3] Month Temp ( C) Jan 6.5 Feb 16.5 Mar 25.3 Apr 32.9 May 36.0 June 35.4 July 31.2 Aug 30 Sep 27.3 Oct 24.6 Nov 17.5 Dec 8 Rainfall (cm) 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.5 17 23.4 20.5 20.6 4.5 1.6 0.8 (a) Which is the driest month in the given station? (b) Calculate the annual range of temperature of station X. (c) Name the wind that is likely to bring most of the rainfall to this station. Question 5 (i) (ii) (iii) (a) Which soil is extensively found in India? (b) State any two important characteristics of the soil named by you above. Give a reason for the following statements: (a) Laterite soil is red in colour. (b) Black soil has self-ploughing capacity. Name the soil with which the following terms are associated: (a) Humus (b) Leaching (c) In-situ T25 502 I 7 [2] [2] [3] Turn Over (iv) [3] (a) Name the agent responsible for soil erosion in areas shown in the image above. (b) Name the soil conservation method shown in the image given above. (c) How does method help in preventing soil erosion? Question 6 (i) (a) Mention the rainfall condition under which tropical monsoon forests [2] develop. (b) (ii) Name any two important trees of this forest. Mention any two characteristics of the Tropical Rain Forests that are a [2] hindrance for its utilisation for commercial purposes. (iii) (iv) Give a geographical reason for each of the following. (a) Tropical deciduous forests look bare during summer season. (b) Mountain forests have mixed vegetation. (c) Trees of the desert vegetation have small, waxy leaves. Mention any three ways in which the forests play an important role in the economic development of our country. T25 502 I 8 [3] [3] Question 7 (i) Why is the use of irrigation essential for agriculture in India? [2] (ii) Mention any two reasons why tank irrigation is mainly used in Karnataka and [2] Andhra Pradesh. (iii) (iv) Give a reason for each of the following: [3] (a) Tube wells are the preferred means of irrigation over surface wells. (b) Canal irrigation often leads to soil effervescence. (a) Mention any two conditions that are essential for the development of well [3] irrigation. (b) Name any two states where well irrigation is a common practice. Question 8 (i) Copper demand in India has surged by 16% in 2023. This demand was met [2] through increased production of refined copper. Source: Economic Times. October 27, 2022 (ii) (iii) (a) Mention any two uses of copper. (b) Name any two states that produce large amount of copper. (a) Why is nuclear energy considered to be the energy of the future? (b) Name a mineral used for production of nuclear energy. Name the following. [3] (a) The largest iron ore producing state in India. (b) A tertiary coalfield of India. (c) An onshore oil field in Gujarat. T25 502 I [2] 9 Turn Over (iv) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal Dam: (a) Name the river on which this dam is built. (b) Name any two states that benefit from this dam. (c) Mention any two ways in which this dam has proved beneficial for the [3] states named by you above. Question 9 (i) Mention any two differences between commercial farming and subsistence [2] farming. (ii) Mention any two problems faced by Indian farmers. [2] (iii) With reference to rice cultivation in India, answer the following questions: [3] (iv) (a) Which is the largest rice producing state in India? (b) Mention any two geographical conditions required for growing rice. Identify a crop associated with each of the following processes: [3] (a) Broadcasting (b) Ginning (c) Ratooning Question 10 (i) Classify industries on the basis of their size giving a suitable example for each. [2] (ii) Give a reason for the following: [2] (a) Sugarcane must be crushed within 24 hours of harvesting. (b) Mysore is famous for silk industry. T25 502 I 10 (iii) (iv) With reference to the petrochemical industry answer the following: (a) Mention any two raw materials used in the petrochemical industry. (b) Name any two important products of this industry. (c) Why are petrochemical products becoming popular in recent years? With reference to the Rourkela Steel Plant, answer the following: (a) In which state of India is it located? (b) With whose collaboration was it set up? (c) From where does the plant get its supply of iron ore and coal? [3] [3] Question 11 (i) State any two disadvantages of air transport. (ii) [2] [2] Delhi Kolkata Mumbai Chennai (a) Name the highway project depicted in the image above. (b) State any two objectives of this project named by you. T25 502 I 11 Turn Over (iii) (iv) Give a reason for the following: [3] (a) Railways are not well developed in the north-eastern states. (b) Helicopters have helped to develop the tourism sector. (c) Road transport is ideal for short distance travel. Name the following: [3] (a) A major port on the Eastern coast of India. (b) The Expressway connecting Srinagar with Kanyakumari. (c) The cheapest means of transport. Question 12 (i) What will be the effect of pollution on the following? (a) Terrestrial life (b) Marine life [2] (ii) Give two reasons why we need to manage the wastes. [2] (iii) India s waste management problem has increased with the growing population [3] and urbanization with tons of waste still ending up in landfills each year and leaking into the environment. Source: Article by Bruna Alves, February 28, 2024 (iv) (a) Mention any two consequences of waste accumulation. (b) What happens when wastewater leaks into surrounding areas? Give any three examples how you, as an individual, can manage waste at home. T25 502 I 12 [3] Question No. 2 Index No. . UID .. (This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers) Outline Map of India for Question 2. (i) T25 502 I (ii) ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) 13 (ix) (x) Total

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