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ICSE 2013 solved : Computer Applications

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Manasa Preethi
Sikkim manipal university, Bangalore
Master of Science Information Technology

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ICSE 2013 Q1. (a) What is meant by precedence of operators? [2 marks] A1. (a) Precedence of operators defines the order in which the operators within an expression are executed. The order of evaluation can be modified with the help of parenthesis ( and ). For example, in the expression x = a+b*c the RHS evaluates using a+(b*c) since the * operator has a higher precedence as compared to the + operator. As another example, in the equaion x = a+b > c ? a : b, the + operator has higher precedence over the ternary operator ?: and hence the RHS evaluates to (a+b) > c ? a : b. Q1. (b) What is a literal? [2 marks] A1. (b) A literal is a notation for representing a fixed value in source code. It is a value that is directly represented in code. For example, in the expression int x = 4; , the 4 is a literal. As another example, in the example: String s = Hello ; the Hello is a literal. Q1. (c) State the Java concept that is implemented through: i) A superclass and a subclass ii) the act of representing essential features without including background details [2 marks] A1. (c) i) Inheritance ii) Abstraction Q1. (d) Give a difference between constructor and a method. [2 marks] A1. (d) A constructor has the same name as the class; the name of the method is not the same as that of the class. A constructor does not have a return type; every method must specify a return type, and if none exists, the type void must be specified. The calls super() and this() can be used inside a constructor, but not inside a method. Q1. (e) What are the types of casting shown by the following examples? i) double x = 15.2; int y = (int)x; ii) int x = 12; long y = x; [2 marks] A1. (e) i) Explicit typecast ii) Implicit typecast Q2. (a) Name any two wrapper classes. [2 marks] A2. (a) Integer, Double Q2. (b) What is the difference between break and continue statements when they occur in a loop? [2 marks] A2. (b) The break statement stops the execution of the current loop iteration and transfers control to the statement outside the loop. The continue statement stops the execution of the current loop iteration and transfers control to the end of the loop body, for the next iteration to proceed. Q2. (c) Write statements to show how finding the length of a character array named ch differs from finding the length of a String object str. [2 marks] A2. (c) Length of a character array: ch.length Length of a String array: str.length() Example statements: System.out.println( Char array: + ch.length); System.out.println( String array: + str.length()); Q2. (d) Name the Java keyword that: i) indicates a method has no return type ii) Stores the address of the currently calling object [2 marks] A2. (d) i) void ii) this [Note to students: The this keyword is actually a reference to the current object, and hence it contains the address of where that object is stored. This is a tricky question, and the answer is this .] Q2. (e) What is an exception? [2 marks] A2. (e) An exception is the occurrence of something that should not normally happen. A Java method will throw an exception if it encounters a situation which it cannot handle. When an exception occurs, an object is created that contains details of the problem (exception). This object is created automatically by Java. Some exceptions, like a divide by zero, can be avoided through careful programming. Other exceptions, such as hard disk full, or network connection lost, cannot be avoided and nor can they be predicted. Dealing with exceptions is known as handling the exception. There are two types of exceptions: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. Unchecked exceptions are those that do not have to be addressed (handled) by the Java program. This includes division by zero, array index out of bounds, etc. Unchecked exceptions are normally the result of bad programming (programmer bugs). Checked exceptions are those that must be handled by the Java program. These include hard disk is full, file not found, unable to connect to database, and so on. Q3. (a) Write Java statement to create an object mp4 of class digital. [2 marks] A3. (a) digital mp4 = new digital(); Q3. (b) State the values stored in variables str1 and str2 String s1 = "good"; String s2 = "world matters"; String str1 = s2.substring(5).replace('t','n'); String str2 = s1.concat(str1); [2 marks] A3. (b) str1 = manners (this is a space followed by manners) str2 = good manners Q3. (c) What does a class encapsulate? [2 marks] A3. (c) A class encapsulates the implementation details of that class. This includes the methods and the variables that are needed for the functionality of that class. Only the functionality that needs to be exposed, is exposed. The functionality that is not exposed is normally private to that class. Private variables can be exposed using getter (accessor) and setter (mutator) methods. Q3. (d) Rewrite the following program segment using the if..else statement. comm = (sale>15000)?sale*5/100:0; [2 marks] A3. (d) if(sale > 15000) comm = sale * 5 / 100; else comm = 0; Q3. (e) How many times will the following loop execute? What value will be returned? int x = 2, y = 50; do{ ++x; y-=x++; }while(x<=10); return y; [2 marks] A3. (e) The loop will execute 5 times. The value returned will be 15. Explanation: x increased by 2 each iteration. It starts with 2, then 4, 6, 8, 10. So, totally it executes 5 times. The amount by which y reduces each iteration is 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, hence the value of y returned is 50-3-5-7-9-11=15. Q3. (f) What is the data type that the following library functions return? i) isWhitespace(char ch) ii) Math.random() [2 marks] A3. (f) i) boolean ii) double Q3. (g) Write a Java expression for ut + ft2 [2 marks] A3. (g) u*t + 1.0 / 2.0 * f * t * t Note to students: u*t + 1/2*f*t*t cannot be used, since 1/2 will give an integer of 0. Hence we use 1.0 / 2.0 instead. Q3. (h) If int[] n = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16} what are the values of x and y? x=Math.pow(n[4],n[2]); y=Math.sqrt(n[5]+n[7]); [2 marks] A3. (h) x is 343.0 and y is 5.0 Q3. (i) What is the final value of ctr after the iteration process given below, executes? int ctr = 0; for(int i=1;i<=5;i++) for(int j=1;j<=5;j+=2) ++ctr; [2 marks] A3. (i) 15 Explanation: The inner loop executes 3 times for each of the 5 iterations of the outer loop. Q3. (j) Name the methods of the Scanner class that: i) Is used to input an integer from standard input stream ii) Is used to input a string data from standard input stream [2 marks] A3. (j) i) nextInt() ii) next() and nextLine() Q4. Define a class called FruitJuice with the following description: Instance variables/data members: int product_code stores the product code number String flavour stores the flavor of the juice. (orangle, apple, etc.) String pack_type stores the type of packaging (tetra-pack, bottle, etc.) int pack_size stores package size (200ml, 400ml, etc.) int product_price stores the price of the product Member methods: FruitJuice() default constructor to initialize integer data members to zero and string data members to void input() to input and store the product code, flavor, pack type, pack size and product price void discount() to reduce the product price by 10 void display() to display the product code, flavor, pack type, pack size and product price [15 marks] A4. import java.util.*; class FruitJuice { // instance variables / data members int product_code; String flavour; String pack_type; int pack_size, product_price; // zero-argument constructor public FruitJuice() { product_code = 0; flavour = ""; pack_type = ""; pack_size = 0; product_price = 0; } // input and store the member details public void input() { product_code = askInt("Enter the product code: "); flavour = askString("Enter the flavour: "); pack_type = askString("Enter the pack type: "); pack_size = askInt("Enter the pack size: "); product_price = askInt("Enter the product price: "); } // compute the discount public void discount() { product_price -= 10; } // display the object details public void display() { System.out.println("Product code : " + product_code); System.out.println("Flavour : " + flavour); System.out.println("Pack type : " + pack_type); System.out.println("Pack size : " + pack_size + " ml."); System.out.println("Product price: " + product_price + " Rs."); System.out.println(); } // utility method to ask user to enter an int // and return the int value entered public int askInt(String prompt) { Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print(prompt); int n = sc.nextInt(); String temp = sc.nextLine(); // read the end of line return n; } // utility method to ask user to enter a String // and return the String value entered public String askString(String prompt) { Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print(prompt); String s = sc.nextLine(); return s; } // main method to execute the class public static void main(String[] args) { FruitJuice obj = new FruitJuice(); obj.input(); // (1) ask user data for one juice obj.display(); // (2) display obj.discount(); // (3) compute discount obj.display(); } } Sample Output: // (4) display discounted price Q5. The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique numeric book identifier which is printed on every book. The ISBN is based upon a 10-digit code. The ISBN is legal if 1*digit1 + 2*digit2 + 3*digit3 + 4*digit4 + 5*digit5 + 6*digit6 + 7*digit7 + 8*digit8 + 9*digit9 + 10*digit10 is divisible by 11. Example: For an ISBN 1401601499 Sum=1*1 + 2*4 + 0*0 + 4*1 + 5*6 + 6*0 + 7*1 + 8*4 + 9*9 + 10*9 = 253 which is divisible by 11. Write a program to: (i) input the ISBN code as a 10-digit number (ii) If the ISBN is not a 10-digit number, output the message Illegal ISBN and terminate the program (iii) If the number is 10-digit, extract the digits of the number and compute the sum as explained above. If the sum is divisible by 11, output the message Legal ISBN . If the sum is not divisible by 11, output the message Illegal ISBN . [15 marks] A5. import java.util.*; class Q5 { public static void main(String[] args) { // input the 10-digit ISBN number Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print("Enter the 10-digit ISBN number: "); long isbn = sc.nextLong(); String temp = sc.nextLine(); // for the trailing newline // check the length is 10, else terminate the program String s = "" + isbn; if( s.length() != 10 ) { System.out.println("Illegal ISBN"); return; // terminate the program } // compute the sum of the digits int sum = 0; for(int i=0; i < s.length(); i++) { int digit = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i, i+1)); int digitNo = i + 1; int term = digitNo * digit; sum += term; } // check if divisible by 11 and output // an appropriate message if( (sum%11) != 0 ) { System.out.println("Illegal ISBN"); } else { System.out.println("Legal ISBN"); } } } The output over multiple executions is shown below: Q6. Write a program that encodes a word in Piglatin. To translate word into Piglatin word, convert the word into uppercase and then place the first vowel of the original word as the start of the new word along with the remaining alphabets. The alphabets present before the vowel being shifted towards the end followed by AY . Sample Input(1): London Sample Output(1): ONDONLAY Sample Input(2): Olympics Sample Output(2): OLYMPICSAY [15 marks] A6. import java.util.*; class Q6 { public static void main(String[] args) { // enter a word Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print("Enter a word: "); // convert the same into uppercase as well String word = sc.nextLine().toUpperCase(); // variable to store the Piglatin result String piglatinWord = ""; // find the position of the first vowel int firstVowel = -1; for(int i=0; (i < word.length()) && (firstVowel < 0); i++) { char ch = word.charAt(i); switch(ch) { case 'A': case 'E': case 'I': case 'O': case 'U': firstVowel = i; break; } } String part1 = "", part2 = ""; if(firstVowel >= 0) { part2 = word.substring(0, firstVowel); part1 = word.substring(firstVowel); } else { part2 = ""; part1 = word; } piglatinWord = part1 + part2 + "AY"; System.out.println("Output: " + piglatinWord); } } Sample output: Q7. Write a program to input 10 integer elements in an array and sort them in descending order using bubble sort technique. [15 marks] A7. import java.util.*; class Q7 { public static void main(String[] args) { // for user inputs Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); String temp = ""; // ask array size (10 in the question) System.out.print("Enter the array size: "); int n = sc.nextInt(); temp = sc.nextLine(); // for the trailing newline // create the array of size n int[] x = new int[n]; // fill up the array based on user input System.out.print("Enter the elements separated by a space: "); for(int i=0; i < n; i++) { x[i] = sc.nextInt(); } temp = sc.nextLine(); // for the trailing newline // bubblesort the array for(int i=0; i < (n-1); i++) { for(int j=0; j < (n-1-i); j++) { // swap if current is lower than next // we need to move the lowest to the end if(x[j] < x[j+1]) { int t = x[j]; x[j] = x[j+1]; x[j+1] = t; } } } // display the sorted array System.out.print("Sorted array (descending): "); for(int i=0; i < n; i++) { System.out.print(x[i] + " "); } System.out.println(); } } Sample output: Q8. Design a class to overload a function series() as follows: (i) double series(double n) with one double argument and returns the sum of the series. sum = 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/n (ii) double series(double a, double n) with two double arguments and returns the sum of the series. sum = 1/a2 + 4/a5 + 7/a8 + 10/a11 to n terms [15 marks] A8. import java.util.*; class Q8 { // first overlaoded method // one double argument only public static double series(double n) { double sum = 0.0; // convert n into the nearest integer // call it terms int terms = (int)(Math.round(n)); for(int i=1; i <= terms; i++) { double term = 1.0D / (double)i; sum += term; } return sum; } // second overlaoded method // two double arguments public static double series(double a, double n) { double sum = 0.0; // convert n into the nearest integer // call it terms int terms = (int)(Math.round(n)); double nr = 1.0, dr = 2.0; for(int i=1; i <= terms; i++) { double term = nr / (a * dr); sum += term; nr += 3.0; dr += 3.0; } return sum; } // main method to test the class public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print("Enter a and n: "); double a = sc.nextDouble(); double n = sc.nextDouble(); String temp = sc.nextLine(); // for the trailing newline // call the 1st overloaded method double sum1 = Q8.series(n); System.out.println("Sum1: " + sum1); // call the 2nd overloaded method double sum2 = Q8.series(a, n); System.out.println("Sum2: " + sum2); } } Sample output: Q9. Using the switch statement, write a menu driven program: (i) To check and display whether the number input by the user is a composite number or not (A number is said to be a composite, if it has one or more than one factors excluding 1 and the number itself). Example: 4, 6, 8, 9, (ii) To find the smallest digit of an integer that is input: Sample input: 6524 Sample output: Smallest digit is 2 [15 marks] A9. import java.util.*; class Q9 { public static void main(String[] args) { char menuOption = ' '; do { menuOption = askMenuOption(); switch(menuOption) { case 'C': // composite doComposite(); break; case 'S': // smallest digit doSmallestDigit(); break; case 'X': System.out.println("Quitting program. Thank you."); break; default: break; } }while( menuOption != 'X' ); // keep asking until X is entered } // return the menu option selected // ensure the option is either C, S, or X public static char askMenuOption() { Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); char option = ' '; do { System.out.print("Enter C for Composite, S for Smallest, X for Exit: "); option = sc.nextLine().toUpperCase().charAt(0); if( "CSX".indexOf(option) < 0 ) // wrong entry { System.out.println("Incorrect option. Try again..."); } }while( "CSX".indexOf(option) < 0 ); // if incorrect, ask again return option; } // composite number checking public static void doComposite() { int n = askInt("Enter integer for Composite check: "); int noOfFactors = 0; for(int i=2; i < n; i++) if( (n%i) == 0 ) noOfFactors++; if(noOfFactors == 0) System.out.println(n + " is not a composite number."); else System.out.println(n + " is a composite number."); } // get the smallest digit public static void doSmallestDigit() { int n = askInt("Enter integer for smallest digit check: "); int smallestDigit = 9; // initialize to largest digit 9 int temp = n; while(temp > 0) { int digit = temp % 10; temp = temp / 10; smallestDigit = (smallestDigit <= digit) ? smallestDigit : digit; } System.out.println("Smallest digit is: " + smallestDigit); } // utility function to ask the user to enter an integer // displays the prompt passed as an argument first // then it asks for the integer to be entered // Eventually it returns the integer entered public static int askInt(String prompt) { Scanner sc = new Scanner( System.in ); System.out.print(prompt); int n = sc.nextInt(); String temp = sc.nextLine(); // for the trailing newline return n; } } Sample output:

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