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ICSE Board Exam 2015 : Board Model Answers : Hindi

36 pages, 68 questions, 1 questions with responses, 1 total responses,    0    0
Hirthick Kumaran
Lakshmi School, Veerapanchan, Madurai
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HINDI STATISTICS AT A GLANCE Total Number of students who took the examination 1,08,993 Highest Marks Obtained 100 Lowest Marks Obtained 14 Mean Marks Obtained 83.44 Percentage of Candidates according to marks obtained Mark Range Details Number of Candidates Percentage of Candidates Cumulative Number Cumulative Percentage 0-20 23 0.02 23 0.02 21-40 201 0.18 224 0.21 41-60 5,026 4.61 5,250 4.82 61-80 33,917 31.12 39,167 35.94 81-100 69,826 64.06 1,08,993 100.00 Range of Marks Obtained 64.06 Percentage of Candidates 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 31.12 30.00 20.00 4.61 10.00 0.02 0.18 0.00 0-20 21-40 41-60 Marks Obtained 34 61-80 81-100 HINDI ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE Question 1 Write a short composition in Hindi of approximately 250 words on any one of the following topics : fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fgUnh esa yxHkx 250 'kCnksa esa laf{kIr ys[k fyf[k, : (i) ^fo'oklik= fe= thou dh ,d vkS"k/k gSA* dFku ds vk/kkj ij crkb;s fd ekuo ds thou esa fe=ksa dk D;k egRo gS \ os fdl izdkj O;fDr ds thou dks izHkkfor djrs gSa \ vki vius fe= dk pquko djrs le; mlesa fdu xq.kksa dk gksuk vko';d le>saxs \ vius fopkj Li"Vr% fyf[k;sA (ii) Hkkjrh; laL fr esa ^vfrfFk dks nsork ds leku ekuk tkrk gSA* orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g ekU;rk dgk rd lR; ds :i esa fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS \ vfrfFk dc cks> cu tkrk gS vkSj fdl izdkj \ fopkjksa }kjk le>kb;sA (iii) LoPNrk ge lHkh ds fy, ykHknk;d gSA ;fn vkidks LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku esa lg;ksx nsus ds fy, dksbZ rhu dk;Z djus ds fy, dgk tk;s rks vki fdu dk;ks dks djuk ilUn djsaxs rFkk D;ksa \ vius fopkjksa }kjk Li"V dhft;sA (iv) ,d dgkuh fyf[k, ftldk vk/kkj fuEufyf[kr mfDr gks : ^eu ds gkjs gkj gS] eu ds thrs thrA* (v) uhps fn;s x;s fp= dks /;ku ls nsf[k, vkSj fp= dks vk/kkj cukdj o.kZu dhft, vFkok dgkuh fyf[k,] ftldk lh/kk o Li"V lEcU/k fp= ls gksuk pkfg,A v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& fuca/k ds lHkh fo"k;ksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+us dk funsZ'k nsaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Li"V :i ls le>kuk pkfg;s fd fuca/k&ys[ku esa Hkwfedk ,oa milagkj dk fo'ks"k LFkku ,oa egRo gksrk gSA fe=rk lEcU/kh fo"k;ksa ij d{kk esa ppkZ gksrh jguh pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks le>k;k tk;s fd fuca/k ys[ku esa eqgkojksa] yksdksfDr;ksa ,oa dkO; iafDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fucU/k dks jkspd ,oa izHkko'kkyh cukrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bldk vH;kl ckj&ckj djk;k tk;sA 35 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) bl mez esa cPps fe=ksa ls cgqr izHkkfor gksrs gSa blfy, vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us blh fodYi dks pqukA thou esa fe=ksa dk eg o le>kus esa vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ leFkZ jgs] ijUrq thou dks izHkkfor djus okyh ckr vf/kd Li"V ugha dj ik,A fe=ksa ds pquko esa xq.k rFkk voxq.k okyh ckr Hkh lHkh fo|kFkhZ iw.kZ :i ls Li"V dj ikus vleFkZ jgsA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k cgqr ns[kh x;haA [kkldj nf{k.k Hkkjr ls vkbZ m kj& iqfLrdkvksa esa ;g =qfV lkekU; :i ls ns[kh x;hA vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ;g fo"k; Li"V jgkA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk dk;Z cgqr gh vf/kd larks"ktud jgkA fuca/k ys[ku djrs le; Hkwfedk rFkk milagkj dk vHkko ns[kk x;kA (ii) fuca/k ds bl fodYi dks vf/kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk ugha pquk x;k] ysfdu dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk lR; ls ifjfpr Hkh djk;k x;k fd vfrfFk cks> dc cu tkrs gSaA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us rks eerk ikB dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, fo"k; dks Li"V djuk pkgk gS ysfdu vfrfFk cks> dc cu tkrk gS] bl lR; dh xgjkbZ rd cgqr de fo|kFkhZ gh igq p ik;sA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh =qfV;k vf/kdka'k :i ls ns[kh x;haA fucU/k ys[ku esa yksdksfDr;ksa ,oa eqgkojksa dk loZFkk vHkko ns[kk x;kA (iii) bl fodYi dks Hkh vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk pquk x;k] ysfdu T;knkrj fo|kFkhZ LoPNrk ds fo"k; esa rks lfoLrkj fy[krs x,] exj rhu dk;ks dk Li"Vhdj.k vyx&vyx dj ikus esa vleFkZ jgsA bldk eq[; dkj.k fo"k; dks lgh <ax ls le>dj ugha i<+k tkuk jgkA dfri; Nk= LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh lEiw.kZ tkudkjh nsus esa vleFkZ jgsA izLrko ys[ku ds le; lHkh igyqvksa ij /;ku ugha fn;k x;k ftl dkj.k Nk=ksa dks m ke vadksa dh izkfIr ugha gks ik;hA (iv) bl fodYi dk p;u cgqr de fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk gh fd;k x;kA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us dgkuh fy[kh ysfdu mfDr dk vFkZ ugha fy[kkA dgkuh ys[ku esa dYiuk 'kfDr dk vHkko ns[kk x;k ftl dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks m ke vad izkIr ugha gks ldsA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk fy[kh xbZ dgkuh dk lh/kk lEcU/k mfDr ls u gksdj dqN vkSj gh Fkk ftl dkj.k muds }kjk fy[kh x;h dgkuh esa dqN vuko';d ckrksa dk o.kZu Hkh feyk tks mfpr ugha FkkA 36 fucU/k dk izR;sd igyw egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk;sa fd m ke vad izkIr djus ds fy, leLr igyqvksa dk lfoLrkj o.kZu djuk vfuok;Z gksrk gSA blfy, d{kk esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij fuca/k&ys[ku dk iz;kl ,oa vH;kl djkuk vko';d gS ftlls cPpksa dh vfHkO;fDr iz[kj gksxhA tu lkekU; esa izpfyr fo"k;ksa ij d{kk esa fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA e gxkbZ] Hkz"Vkpkj] vf'k{kk] csjkst+xkjh] xjhch] vfrfFk] fe=] LoPNrk] LokLF;] Hkze.k] Hkkjrh; laL fr] ik'pkR; laL fr] nq?kZVuk] izk frd foink tSls HkwdEi] ck<+] lw[kk vuko`f"V vkfn fo"k;ksa ij d{kk esa le;≤ ij ppkZ djrs gq, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekSfyd fopkj vfHkO;fDr dk fyf[kr vH;kl fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA izLrkouk ds izR;sd fcUnq ij /;ku dsfUnzr dj lfoLrkj fy[kus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ckj&ckj izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA fopkjkRed fucU/k ys[ku dk d{kk esa vH;kl djokuk pkfg;sA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh =qfV;ksa ds fujkdj.k gsrq d{kk esa ckjEckj vH;kl vko';d gSA ;fn izLrko ys[ku esa dqN dk;ks ;k bPNkvksa dk mYys[k djus dks dgk x;k gS rks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Li"V rkSj ij le>k,a fd os budk vyx ls mYys[k djsaA blds fy, Nk=ksa dks bl izdkj ds izLrko ys[ku dk vH;kl fn;k tkuk vko';d gSA fopkjkRed rFkk rqyukRed fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl d{kk esa vo'; djk;k tk;sA (v) bl fodYi dks de gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa us pqukA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fp= ifjp; fd;k gh ugha dsoy lQkbZ&fo"k; ij gh fy[krs pys x;sA lQkbZ fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr dgkuh fy[kus dk loZFkk vHkko gh ns[kk x;kA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us /kjrh dh lQkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk fopkjksa dh lQkbZ tSls Hkz"Vkpkj] vf'k{kk ,oa csjkst+xkjh dh lQkbZ dk o.kZu djrs gq, bu dqjhfr;ksa ds mUewyu ij t+ksj nsrs gq, fo"k; dks vf/kd jkspd cuk fn;kA lc dqN feykdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk iz;kl lUrks"ktud jgk vkSj mUgsa vad Hkh vPNs feysA dqN fo|kFkhZ fp= dk o.kZu ,oa fooj.k djus esa vleFkZ gh jgsA 37 d{kk esa le;≤ ij okn&fookn lEcU/kh fo"k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl vko';d :i ls djk;k tk,A dkYifud fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl Hkh d{kk esa djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA dgkuh ys[ku esa loZizFke mfDr dk vFkZ fy[kk tkrk gS rRi'pkr~ dgkuh dk vkjEHk djuk pkfg,A dgkuh ekSfyd ,oa lR; ds fudV gks rks m ke vadksa dh izkfIr gksrh gSA ;g ckr d{kk esa cPpksa dks le>kuh pkfg, ,oa bl izdkj dk vH;kl djkuk pkfg;sA fp= ys[ku esa igys fp= dk ifjp; fn;k tkuk pkfg;s mlds ckn fp= ls lEcfU kr dgkuh] ?kVuk vFkok ys[k fy[kk tkuk pkfg;sA ;g ckr v ;kidksa }kjk cPpksa dks Li"V rkSj ij le>k nh tkuh pkfg;sA fp= ifjp; ds vad vyx ls fu/kkZfjr gksrs gSaA ;g ckr Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crkuh pkfg;sA O;kdj.k lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa ds fujkdj.k gsrq vH;kl vko';d gSA lIrkg esa f'k{kd ;fn ,d ckj izLrko@dgkuh@fucU/k ys[ku dh ijh{kk ysa rks fucU k@ dgkuh@izLrko ys[kd ds :i esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vkRefo'okl iSnk gksxk vkSj QyLo:i os ijh{kk esa m ke vad izkIr djus esa lQy gksaxsA d{kk esa Jqrys[k }kjk] vH;kl }kjk orZuh ,oa okD; foU;kl lEcU/kh v'kqf);k nwj djokuh pkfg;sA izLrko dk fo"k; fy[kus ij t+ksj fn;k tkuk pkfg;s vkSj bldk vH;kl d{kk esa djk;sa rks m ke jgsxkA d{kk esa dgkuh ys[ku izfr;ksfxrk@fucU/k ys[ku izfr;ksfxrk djkuk Js;Ldj jgsxk] blls Nk=ksa dh fopkj vfHkO;fDr iz[kj gksxhA vad ;kstuk : u 1 m kj iqfLrdk dk ewY;kadu djrs le; fuEufyf[kr ckrksa@fcUnqvksa ij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k x;k fo"k; dh Hkwfedk] fo"k; ds lHkh igyqvksa dk vyx&vyx lfoLrkj o.kZu] lEcfU/kr lwfDr;ksa] yksdksfDr;ksa] eqgkojksa ,oa dkO; iafDr;ksa dk m)gj.k] Hkk"kk&'kSyh] vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky] fo"k; dk milagkjA fucU/k dk vkjEHk ,oa var izHkkoiw.kZ jgukA fucU/k ds e ; Hkkx esa fo"k;&oLrq dk izHkko'kkyh o.kZu djukA fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr mfpr mnkgj.k] mfDr;ksa] eqgkojksa] n`"Vkarksa dk mYys[k djukA mi;qZDr fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij izHkko'kkyh o.kZu@fooj.k ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks m ke vad fn;s x;s gSaA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh =qfV;ksa ij] fo"k;&oLrq ls HkVd tkus ij] viuh bPNkuqlkj fo"k; esa ifjorZu fd;s tkus ij ,oa vLi"V fy[ks tkus ij vad dkVs x;s gSA a Question 2 Write a letter in Hindi in approximately 120 words on any one of the topics given below : fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fgUnh esa yxHkx 120 'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k;s : (i) vkidh dkWyksuh esa dqN vlkekftd rRo (Antisocial elements) vkdj cl x;s gSaA mudh xqaMkxnhZ c<+us ds dkj.k ukxfjdksa dk thou dfBu gks x;k gSA vius 'kgj ds ^iqfyl dfe'uj* dks i= fy[kdj mudh f'kdk;r dhft;s rFkk lqO;oLFkk ds fy, 'kh?kz dne mBk, tkus dh izkFkZuk dhft;sA (ii) vkidk NksVk HkkbZ fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa i<+us x;k gS] tgk og [ksyus ds fy, le; ugha fudky ik jgk gSA [ksyksa dk egRo le>krs gq, mls i= fyf[k;sA ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us blh fodYi dk pquko fd;kA i= v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& ds izk:i ds fo"k; esa cgqr ls fo|kFkhZ Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA dqN Nk=ksa us izk:i fy[kus esa =qfV dh] dqN ds v ;kid bl ckr ij fo"ks"k :i ls /;ku nsa fd i= ds izk:i esa ifjorZu }kjk i= esa eq[; fcUnqvksa dk lekos'k ugha fd;k x;kA vk;k gSA vc vkSipkfjd vkSj dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us ^Hkonh;* ds LFkku ij ^vkidk Hkonh;* vukSipkfjd nksuksa izdkj ds i=ksa esa fy[kk tks x+yr gSA blesa ^vkidk* 'kCn vuko';d gSA izk:i dk LFkku ck;ha vksj gh gSA izk:i esa dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds 'kCnksa dk vfHkoknu] lEcks/ku] irk ,oa fnukad iz;ksx fd;k x;k tks oftZr gSA izk:i esa lHkh ckrsa ckb lHkh dk LFkku ck;ha vksj gh gSA vksj fy[kh gksuh pkfg;s] bl ckr dk Hkh vHkko ns[kk x;kA Hkk"kk ,oa O;kdj.k lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dk ckgqY; vukSipkfjd i= esa lEcks/ku] vfHkoknu vkfn ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsuk pkfg;sA ik;k x;kA i= esa vkSipkfjd 'kCnksa dk vHkko fn[kkA i=&ys[ku esa vaxzsth ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg;sA 38 (ii) fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk bl fodYi dk Hkh p;u fd;k x;kA dqN fo|kFkhZ i= ds fo"k; dks xgjkbZ ls ugha le> ik,A dqN Nk=ksa ds }kjk lEcks/ku ds i'pkr~ vfHkoknu lwpd 'kCn ugha fy[ks x;sA dqN Nk= [ksy rFkk le; ds egRo dks le>kus esa foQy jgsA Hkk"kk esa jkspdrk dk vHkko jgkA vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds i=ksa esa izk:i lEcU/kh v'kqf);k fn[kkbZ nhaA orZuh lEcU/kh =qfV;ksa dk Hkh ckgqY; fn[kkbZ fn;kA vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ i= ds fo"k; dks ysdj rks Li"V jgs exj izHkkoh <ax ls vius fopkj O;Dr djus esa lQy ugha jgsA iz'u esa i=&ys[ku ds funsZ'k dks HkyhHkk fr i<+us dks dgk tkuk pkfg;sA nksuksa izdkj ds i=ksa dk izk:i lfgr fyf[kr vH;kl d{kk esa ckjEckj djkuk pkfg;sA 'kCn&foU;kl rFkk okD;&foU;kl dh 'kqf) ij /;ku dsfUnzr djus gsrq le;≤ ij cPPkksa dks budk izpqj vH;kl fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA vkSipkfjd i=&ys[ku esa dqN vkSipkfjd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vfuok;Z gksrk gSA cPpksa dks ;g ckr t+ksj nsdj le>k nh tkuh pkfg;s fd ,sls i= dk izkjEHk vkSipkfjdrk ls iw.kZ gksuk pkfg;sA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k nwj djus gsrq fujUrj vH;kl djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ crkdj muds iz;ksx dk vH;kl d{kk esa djokrs jguk pkfg;sA i= ys[ku izkjEHk djus ls iwoZ ;fn v ;kid ekSf[kd :i ls d{kk esa le>k nsa rks i= ys[ku ds Lrj esa fuf'pr :i ls lq/kkj gksxkA vr% v/;kid bldk vH;kl djk;saA vad ;kstuk : u 2 i=&ys[ku esa ewY;kadu djrs le; loZizFke izk:i ns[kk tkrk gS ftlds vUrxZr foHkkx] in] irk] fo"k;] lEcks/ku] vfHkoknu dk /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA lgh rjhds ls fy[ks x;s izk:i ij m ke vad izkIr gksrs gSaA i= ds vUr esa ys[kd dk uke] irk] fnukad fy[ks gksus ij mfpr vad iznku fd;s tkrs gSaA iz'u ds funsZ'kkuqlkj i= esa lHkh ckrksa dh vfHkO;fDr ljy] Li"V Hkk"kk esa ,oa fo"k;kuq:i la{ksi esa dh tkus ij ijh{kd }kjk m ke vad fn, tkrs gSaA 39 Question 3 Read the passage given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow, using your own words as far as possible : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;ku ls if<+, rFkk mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k,A m kj ;FkklaHko vkids vius 'kCnksa esa gksus pkfg, : dkS'ky ns'k ds o`) jktk ds pkj iq= FksA mUgsa ;g fpUrk lrkus yxh Fkh fd jkT; dk m kjkf/kdkjh fdls cuk;k tk, \ lksp&fopkj ds ckn vius pkjksa iq=ksa dks cqykdj jktk us dgk ^^rqe pkjksa esa ls tks lcls cM+s /kekZRek dks esjs ikl ysdj vk,xk ogh jkT; dk Lokeh cusxkA** rRi'pkr~ pkjksa jktdqekj vius&vius ?kksM+ksa ij lokj gksdj py iM+sA dqN fnuksa ckn cM+k iq= vius lkFk ,d egktu dks ysdj vk;k vkSj jktk ls cksyk ^^;s egktu yk[kksa #i;ksa dk nku dj pqds gSa] vusd efUnj o /keZ'kkyk, cuok pqds gSa rFkk lk/kq&lUrksa vkSj czk .kksa dks Hkkstu djkus ds mijkUr gh ;s Hkkstu djrs gSaA buls cM+k /kekZRek dkSu gksxk \** ^^gk ] okLro esa ;s /kekZRek gSaA** jktk us dgk rFkk lRdkjiwoZd fonk fd;kA blds ckn nwljk iq= ,d 'kdk; czk .k dks ysdj vk;k vkSj jktk ls cksyk ^^;s czk .k nsork pkjksa /kkeksa dh ;k=k dj vk, gSa] dksbZ rkelh o`f k bUgsa Nw ugha xbZ gSA buls c<+dj dksbZ /kekRek ugha gSA** jktk czk .k ds le{k ureLrd gq, vkSj nku&nf{k.kk nsdj cksy s ^^blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ;s ,d Js"B /kekZRek gSaA** rHkh rhljk iq= ,d lk/kq dks ysdj igq pk vkSj cksyk ^^;s lk/kq egkjkt lIrkg esa dsoy ,d ckj nw/k ihdj jgrs gSaA Hk;adj lnhZ esa ty esa [kM+s jgrs gSa vkSj xehZ esa iapkfXu rkirs gSaA ;g lcls cM+s /kekZRek gSaA** jktk us lk/kq dks iz.kke fd;k vkSj dgk ^^fu'p; gh ;s ,d m ke lk/kq gSaA** lk kq egkjkt jktk dks vk'khokZn nsdj fonk gq,A vUr esa lcls NksVk iq= ,d fu/kZu fdlku ds lkFk vk;kA fdlku nwj ls gh Hk; ds ekjs gkFk tksM+rk pyk vk jgk FkkA rhuksa HkkbZ NksVs HkkbZ dh ew[kZrk ij Bgkdk yxkdj g l iM+sA NksVk iq= cksyk ^^,d dq ks ds 'kjhj ij yxs ?kko dks ;g vkneh /kks jgk FkkA irk ugha fd ;g /kekZRek gS ;k ughaA vc vki gh blls iwN yhft;sA** jktk us iwNk ^^rqe D;k /keZ&deZ djrs gks \** fdlku Mjrs&Mjrs cksyk ^^eSa vui<+ gw ] /keZ fdls dgrs gSa] ;g eSa ugha tkurkA dksbZ chekj gksrk gS rks lsok dj nsrk gw A dksbZ ek xrk gS rks eqV~Bh Hkj vUu vo'; ns nsrk gw A** jktk us dgk ^^;g fdlku gh lcls cM+k /kekZRek gSA** jktk dh ckr lqudj rhuksa cM+s yM+ds ,d nwljs dk eq g rkdus yxsA jktk us iqu% dgk ^^rhFkZ;k=k djuk] Hkxor vkjk kuk esa yhu jguk] nku&iq.; djuk vkSj ti&ri djuk Hkh /keZ gS fdUrq fcuk fdlh LokFkZ ds fdlh nhu&nq%[kh vkSj d"V esa iM+s gq, izk.kh dh lsok djuk lcls cM+k /keZ gSA tks ijksidkj djrk gS] ogh lcls cM+k /kekZRek gSA** (i) jktk dks D;k fpUrk Fkh \ mlus vius iq=ksa dks cqykdj D;k dgk \ (ii) cM+s iq= dh n`f"V esa lcls cM+k /kekZRek dkSu Fkk vkSj mldk D;k dkj.k Fkk \ (iii) lk/kq fdlds lkFk vk;k Fkk \ mldk ifjp; fdl izdkj fn;k x;k \ 40 (iv) fdlku dks jktk ds lkeus dkSu yk;k Fkk vkSj D;ksa \ jktk us fdlku dks gh lcls cM+k /kekZRek D;ksa dgk \ (v) izLrqr x|ka'k ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS \ ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) iz'u ds nksuksa Hkkx Li"V Fks blfy, lHkh cPpksa }kjk lgh m kj fy[ks x;s] ijUrq vius 'kCnksa esa m kj ds LFkku ij x|ka'k dh Hkk"kk esa gh cPpksa us m kj fy[ksA orZuh lEcU kh v'kqf);k ;nk dnk ns[kh x;haA (ii) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds }kjk Li"V Hkk"kk esa m kj fy[kk x;k] cl dqN Nk= /kekZRek gksus dk vFkZ Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgsA ,slk izrhr gqvk fd vifBr ds iz'uksa dk /;kuiwoZd v ;;u ugha fd;k x;kA (iii) vkf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us iz'u ds nksuksa Hkkxksa dk lVhd m kj fy[kk] ijUrq dfri; fo|kFkhZ lk/kq 'kCn dk vFkZ Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgsA bldk ewy dkj.k iz'uksa dks HkyhHkk fr le>dj u i<+ ikuk gSA (iv) bl iz'u ds rhu Hkkx gS a dkSu] D;ksa rFkk /kekZRek D;ksa dgk x;k \ dqN fo|kFkhZ ;g Li"V ugha dj ik;s fd jktk us fdlku dks gh lcls cM+k /kekZRek D;ksa dgk \ dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us iz'u dk nwljk Hkkx Li"V :i ls of.kZr ugha fd;k rFkk eq[; fcUnqvksa dk mYys[k Hkh ugha fd;kA (v) fo|kfFkZ;ksa us x|ka'k ls feyus okyh dsoy ,d gh f'k{kk dk mYys[k fd;k vkSj og Hkh la{ksi esaA vf/kdka'k m kj iqfLrdkvksa esa foLr`r o.kZu dk vHkko fn[kk;h fn;kA 41 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& de ls de nks ckj vifBr x|ka'k dks i<+us ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izsfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ;FkklEHko fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius 'kCnksa esa m kj fy[kus dk vH;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA d{kk esa vYidkyhu ijh{kk dk vk;kstu dj cPpksa dks vifBr x|ka'k ds lHkh iz'u ljy] Li"V ,oa ekSfyd Hkk"kk esa gy djus dk funsZ'k nsdj muesa vkRefo'okl ds lkFk fopkjkfHkO;fDr dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dks vH;kl }kjk nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA d{kk esa dgkfu;k lqukdj muds m kj iwNdj Hkh vH;kl djokuk pkfg;s] ,slk djus ls vifBr ds iz'uksa ds lVhd m kj viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Lrj ij lq/kkj gksrk gSA Nk=ksa dks ;g Hkh le>kuk vko';d gS fd vxj iz'u ds nks ;k rhu Hkkx gSa rks m kj Hkh mrus gh Hkkxksa esa fy[kuk pkfg;s rHkh iw.kZ vad izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA fopkjkRed iz'uksa dk fujarj vH;kl djokuk pkfg;sA u;s&u;s 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx Hkh Hkk"kk Kku dh o`f) esa lgk;d gksrk gSA vr% Nk=ksa dks fuR; u;s&u;s 'kCnksa ls voxr djkuk pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dh le> ,oa rdZ 'kfDr dh o`f) ds fy, d{kk esa ckjEckj foospukRed] fopkjkRed] fo'ys"k.kkRed ,oa rdZ ijd iz'uksa dk vH;kl vko';d gSA vad ;kstuk : u 3 jktk dh fpark rFkk fpark dks nwj djus ds fy, jktk }kjk vius iq=ksa dks cqykdj funsZ'k nsukA jktk ds cM+s iq= ds fopkj rFkk mlds fopkjksa dks Li"V djrk gqvk dkj.k Li"V djukA lk/kq dk vkukA fdlds lkFk vkuk rFkk mldk ifjp; nsukA fdlku dks jktk ds lkeus ykus okys dk ifjp;] ykus dk dkj.k rFkk fdlku dks gh lcls cM+k /kekZRek crkus dk dkj.k Li"V djukA vifBr x|ka'k dks xgjkbZ ls i<+dj le>rs gq, mlls feyus okyh lh[k fy[kukA de ls de nks lh[k vo'; fy[kuh pkfg;s rHkh iw.kZ vad izkIr gksrs gSaA Question 4 Answer the following according to the instructions given : fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds m kj funsZ'kkuqlkj fyf[k, % (i) fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds fo'ks"k.k cukb, % iwtk] /keZA (ii) fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls fdlh ,d 'kCn ds nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k, : jktk] tyk'k;A (iii) fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls fdUgha nks 'kCnksa ds foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k, : fuekZ.k] ks/k] nsgkrh] ew[kZrkA (iv) Hkkookpd laKk cukb, : lk/kq] riLohA (v) fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa esa ls fdlh ,d dh lgk;rk ls okD; cukb, : dku dk dPpk] Jhx.ks'k djukA (vi) dks"Bd esa fn, x, okD;ksa esa funsZ'kkuqlkj ifjorZu dhft, : (a) d'ehj esa vusd n'kZuh; i;ZVd LFky ns[kus ;ksX; gSaA okD; dks 'kq) dhft;s (b) eSa dye ls fy[kw xkA okD; dks Hkwrdky esa cnfy;s (c) vki ifjokj ds lkFk gekjs ?kj vkb,xkA js[kkafdr ds LFkku ij ,d 'kCn dk iz;ksx dhft;s 42 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) dqN Nk= fo'ks"k.k dk vFkZ ugha le> ik,A QyLo:i fn;s x;s 'kCnksa ds fo'ks"k.k cukus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN Nk=ksa us fo'ks"k.k rks cuk;s ijUrq ek=kvksa dh =qfV ds dkj.k ^iwtk* 'kCn dk fo'ks"k.k ^iqT;* ;k ^iqTuh;* rFkk ^/keZ* dk fo'ks"k.k Hkh v'kq) ^/kkehZd* 'kCn fy[kk tcfd lgh 'kCn gS ^/kkfeZd*A (ii) vf/kdka'k cPpksa us jktk ds i;kZ;okph ds fy, ^ckn'kkg* vkSj ^'kga'kkg* tSls 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tks Qkjlh Hkk"kk ds 'kCn gSa gekjh nsoukxjh fyfi ds ughaA T+;knkrj cPpksa us i;kZ;okph 'kCn rks lgh fy[ks exj orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k dh ftl dkj.k vad dkV fy, x;sA (iii) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us foykse 'kCn lgh fy[ksA dqN Nk= ^fuekZ.k* 'kCn dks ysdj Hkzfer jgs rFkk dqN Nk=ksa us ^ ks/k* 'kCn dk foykse ^'kkar* ;k ^izse* fy[kkA dqN Nk= ^nsgkrh* 'kCn dk foykse ugha fy[k ik;s vkSj =qfVo'k ^nsgkrh* dk foykse ukxfjd fy[k fn;k tcfd vHkh"V 'kCn gS ^'kgjh*A (iv) 'kCn vR;Ur ljy Fks ijUrq orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k djus ds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us iw.kZ vad izkIr ugha fd;sA (v) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us eqgkojs dk lgh vFkZ fy[kdj okD; Hkh cuk;kA dqN cPps ^Jhx.ks'k djuk* eqgkojs ls lgh okD; jpuk ugha dj ik,A okD; esa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dk ckgqY; ik;k x;k ftl dkj.k iw.kZ vad ugha fn;s tk ldsA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dqN vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (vi) funsZ'kkuqlkj ifjorZu djus esa vf/kdka'k Nk= Hkzfer jgsA (a) Nk=ksa us 'kq) okD; jpuk ugha dhA okD; esa n'kZuh; vkSj ns[kus ;ksX; 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k tks v'kq) gSA (b) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us bl okD; dk lgh m kj fy[kkA dqN Nk=ksa us ^eSaus* esa vuqLokj ugha yxk;kA (c) cgqr ls cPpksa us lifjokj ds LFkku ij lgifjokj vFkok ifjokj lfgr fy[kk tks iw.kZr% v'kq) gSA bl dkj.k muds vad dkVs x;sA 43 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izpqj ek=k esa fyf[kr ,oa ekSf[kd :i ls fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk vH;kl djkuk pkfg;sA fo'ks"k.k cukus dh f ;k fl[kkrs le; lgh orZuh dk Kku Hkh fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa ds Kku ds fy, ikB i<+krs le; Hkh lekukFkZd 'kCnksa dh tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg;sA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vf/kdkf/kd foykse 'kCnksa ls ifjfpr djokuk pkfg;s rFkk budk ekSf[kd ,oa fyf[kr vH;kl d{kk esa djokuk pkfg;sA cPpksa dks crk;k tk, fd ftl 'kCn ds fy, tks foykse fuf'pr gS ogh fy[kk tk, dksbZ vU; 'kCn ughaA eqgkojksa ds iz;ksx dk vf/kdkf/kd vH;kl djk;k tk,A cPpksa dks crk;sa fd eqgkojksa ds iz;ksx ls okD; lkSUn;Z esa o`f) gksrh gSA ,sls 'kCn tks Nk= izk;% xyr fy[krs gSa] mu 'kCnksa dks ';keiV~V ij fy[kdj vH;kl djkus ls d{kk ds lkjs cPps tYnh gh 'kq) fy[kuk lh[k tkrs gSaA Hkkookpd laKk dk fo'ks"k v ;;u vko';d gSA fo'ks"k.k ,oa Hkkookpd laKk nksuksa dk i`Fkd&i`Fkd xgu vH;kl djokuk pkfg;sA okD; lajpuk ds le; 'kCnksa ds vuq:i iz;ksx dk vH;kl djkuk pkfg;sA orZuh dh v'kqf);ksa dh vksj Nk=ksa dk /;ku fnykdj mu v'kqf);ksa dks nwj djus dk vH;kl Hkh vko';d gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Kku esa o`f) ds fy;s ekSf[kd o fyf[kr nksuksa Lrjksa ij vfojy vH;kl vko';d gSA O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj Hkk"kk esa ^vuqLokj* dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA Nk=ksa dks ^vuqLokj* ds iz;ksx gsrq vH;kl djokuk pkfg;sA funsZ'kkuqlkj okD; ifjorZu esa funsZ'kksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+us ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks d{kk esa ,dopu o cgqopu dk vH;kl fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA okD; ifjorZu esa fyax] opu ,oa dky ds lgh mi;ksx dk Kku djokus ds fy, fujUrj vkSj xgu vH;kl djkuk vR;ko';d gSA Hkk"kk lkSUn;Z gsrq O;kdj.k dk mfpr Kku vko';d gS vr% Nk=ksa dks xgu O;kdj.k cks/k djk;k tk,A vad ;kstuk : u 4 (i) fo'ks"k.k cukb, % iwtk iwtuh; /keZ /kkfeZd (ii) nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k, fdlh ,d 'kCn ds nks&nks : jktk u`i] ujs'k] Hkwi] Hkwifr] egkjkt] eghifr tyk'k; rkykc] ljksoj] rM+kx] iks[kj] lj (iii) foijhrkFkZd@foykse 'kCn fyf[k, dksbZ nks : fuekZ.k fouk'k ks/k 'kkfUr nsgkrh 'kgjh ew[kZrk fo}rk (iv) Hkkookpd laKk : lk/kq lk/kqRo riLoh ri (v) fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa esa ls fdlh ,d dh lgk;rk ls okD; cukb, : dku dk dPpk esjk fe= dku dk dPpk gksus ds dkj.k lHkh dh ckrksa esa vk tkrk gSA 44 Jhx.ks'k djuk esjs fe= ds firk us tc ls u, O;kikj dk Jhx.ks'k fd;k gS rc ls cgqr rjDdh dj jgs gSaA (vi) dks"Bd esa fn, x, funsZ'kkuqlkj okD;ksa esa ifjorZu dhft, : (a) d'ehj esa vusd n'kZuh; LFky gSaA ;k d'ehj esa vusd n'kZuh; i;ZVd LFky gSaA (b) eSaus dye ls fy[kkA ;k eSaus dye ls fy[kk FkkA ;k eSa dye ls fy[k pqdk FkkA (c) vki lifjokj gekjs ?kj vkb;sxkA x|&ladyu Question 5 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^;ksa rks eSa dgha vk &tk lks gh bUgsa ugha lqgkrk] vkSj fQj dy fd'kksjh ds ;gk cqykok ugha vk;kA vjs eSa rks dgw fd ?kjokyksa dk dSlk cqykok \ os yksx rks eq>s viuh ek ls de ugha le>rs] ugha rks dkSu Hkyk ;ksa HkV~Vh vkSj Hk.Mkj ?kj lkSai ns \** &vdsyh& ysf[kdk eUuw HkaMkjh (i) fdls] fdldk dgha Hkh vkuk&tkuk ialn ugha gS rFkk D;ksa \ (ii) lksek cqvk fd'kksjhyky ds ?kj fdl vk;kstu ij fcuk fuea=.k ds gh pyh x;h Fkha \ ogk mUgksaus fdl izdkj dh vO;oLFkk ns[kh \ (iii) cqykok u vkus ij Hkh lksek cqvk us fd'kksjhyky ds ;gk D;k fd;k rFkk ogk tkus dk D;k rdZ fn;k \ vki bl rdZ ls dgk rd lger gSa \ vius fopkj nhft;sA (iv) ^vdsykiu thou dk lcls cM+k vfHk'kki gSA* bl dgkuh dh ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft;sA 45 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds m kj lgh FksA ijUrq dqN fo|kFkhZ ^D;ksa vkuk&tkuk ilUn ugha gS* dk Hkko Li"V ugha dj ik;sA dqN Nk= lksek cqvk dk uke ugha fy[k ik, dsoy iRuh gh fy[kkA (ii) dqN fo|kFkhZ ;g Li"V ugha dj ik, fd og fdl vk;kstu ij fcuk fueU=.k ds pyh xbZ FkhA fdlh us tUefnu fy[kk rks fdlh us fookg fy[k fn;kA dqN cPpksa us eq.Mu ds LFkku ij tUefnu dk o.kZu dj fn;kA okD; foU;kl dh =qfV;ksa dk Hkh ckgqY; ik;k x;kA (iii)dqN fo|kFkhZ ^rdZ ls dgk rd lger gSa \* ij vius fopkj Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgsA vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius fopkj Li"V djus esa dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+k vr% os vius fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr esa Hkzfer jgsA (iv) vf/kdka'k Nk= ^vdsykiu vfHk'kki gS* ;g ckr rks Li"V dj ik, ijUrq ^vfHk'kki dSls gS* \ ;g Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN Nk=ksa us nks gh ckrsa fy[kh tcfd rhu vad okys iz'u esa rhu ckrsa fy[kuh vko';d gksrh gSaA dqN Nk= vdsysiu dh O;k[;k gh ugha dj ik,A vdsysiu ls tw>rh lksek cqvk ds fo"k; esa Hkh cgqr de cPps mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dj ik,A v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& ikB i<+krs le; v ;kid }kjk izR;sd ik= ds fo"k; esa lfoLrkj le>kuk pkfg;s ftlls cPpksa esa lUnsg dh xqatkb'k u jgsA d{kk esa i<+krs le; uke fo'ks"k ,oa LFkku fo'ks"k ds ckjs esa le>krs gq, vH;kl djok, A ikB ls lEcfU/kr LofopkjkfHkO;fDr lEcU/kh iz'uksa dk vH;kl vo'; djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA iz'u ds lHkh Hkkxksa dk m kj vyx&vyx vuqPNsn esa fy[kus dk vH;kl djkuk vR;ko';d gSA v ;kid }kjk Nk=ksa dks ckj&ckj ikB i<+us dk funsZ'k fn;k tkuk pkfg;s ftlls fo|kFkhZ ikB dks xgjkbZ ls le>rs gq, izR;sd iz'u dk lVhd m kj nsus esa Lo;a dks leFkZ ik ldsaxs vkSj mudh Hkk"kk Hkh izHkko'kkyh cu ik;sxhA vad ;kstuk : u 6 (i) ;gk laU;klh egkjkt dks lksek cqvk dk dgha Hkh fcuk cqyk;s pys tkuk ilUn ugha gSA lksek cqvk viuk vdsykiu nwj djus ds fy, fcuk cqyk, fdlh ds Hkh ?kj pyh tkrh FkhA (ii)lksek cqvk fd'kksjhyky ds ?kj muds csVs ds eq.Mu laLdkj ij fcuk fueU=.k ds gh pyh x;h FkhA ogk mUgksaus cgqr lh vO;oLFkk ns[kh Hkh tSls fd fL=;k eq.Mu ij 'kknh ds xhr xk jgh FkhaA leksls dPps gh cuk;s x;s Fks vkSj os Hkh brus T;knk fd cps gh jg tk,a rFkk xqykc tkequ brus de fd ,d ckj f[kykus ls fy, Hkh iwjs ugha gq,A (iii)cqykok u vkus ij Hkh lksek cqvk us fd'kksjhyky ds ?kj tkdj iwjh O;oLFkk Bhd djok nhA leksls nksckjk ryok fn;s rFkk xqykc tkequ vkSj cuok fn,A lksek cqvk us ogk tkus dk ;g rdZ fn;k fd fd'kksjhyky esjs csVs gj[kw tSlk gSA D;k eSa mlds ?kj tkus ds fy, fdlh ds fueU=.k dh izrh{kk d: xhA gk blesa viuh lgefr gh O;Dr djuh Fkh D;ksafd lksek cqvk ds ifr X;kjg eghus rks ;g ugha ns[krs Fks fd mudh iRuh viuk nq%[ke; vdsysiu ls Hkjk thou fdl izdkj O;rhr djrh gS rc ,d eghus vkdj mUgsa dqN djus ij Vksdus dk vkSfpR; gh ugha gSA (iv)vdsykiu thou dk lcls cM+k vfHk'kki gSA eSa bl ckr ls iwjh rjg lger gw A euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS blfy, og vdsys jg gh ugha ldrkA bl rF; dk Li"V mnkgj.k bl dgkuh esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lksek cqvk vius toku csVs dh e`R;q ds ckn oSls gh fcYdqy vdsyh iM+ x;h Fkh fQj mldk ifr Hkh mls NksM+dj pyk x;k FkkA ,sls esa ;fn og vkl&iM+ksl esa tkdj muds lq[k&nq%[k esa Hkkxhnkj cudj vdsykiu nwj djus dk iz;kl djrh gS rks dksbZ vuqfpr dk;Z ugha djrhA 46 Question 6 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^vkt nsgkrh yksx Hkh dgrs gSa fd gekjs cPpksa dks rkyhe feyuh pkfg;sA rkyhe fdlfy, feyuh pkfg;s \ blfy, ugha fd yM+dk Kkuh cusxk] /keZ&xzUFk i<+ ldsxk vkSj thou esa gj dke fopkjiwoZd djsxkA ij blfy, fd yM+ds dks ukSdjh feysxh vkSj ge tSls fnu Hkj [kVrs gSa] oSls mls [kVuk u iM+sxkA** &Je dh izfr"Bk& ys[kd vkpk;Z fouksck Hkkos (i) dke ds izfr nsgkrh yksxksa dh eukso`f k dSlh gks xbZ gS vkSj D;ksa \ (ii) fnekxh dke djus okys yksx etnwjksa ds izfr D;k fopkj j[krs gSa \ (iii) ys[kd us etnwjksa dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS rFkk D;ksa \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA (iv) izLrqr fucU/k dk m s'; fyf[k;sA ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) dqN fo|kFkhZ eukso`f k 'kCn dk vFkZ ugha le> ik;s] blfy, m kj Hkh iw.kZ ,oa Li"V fy[kus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN Nk= nsgkrh 'kCn ls Hkzfer gks x;s vkSj dqN fo|kFkhZ ^D;ksa* dh vksj /;ku gh ugha ns ik,A okD; foU;kl ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k Hkh vf kd ik;h x;haA (ii) fnekxh dke djus okys yksxksa dk etnwjksa ds izfr ;g O;ogkj fd 'kkjhfjd Je rks lHkh dj ldrs gSa ysfdu fnekx+h dke ogh dj ldrk gS ftlds ikl fdrkch Kku gksrk gS bl ckr dh xgjkbZ rd ugha igq p ik,A fo|kFkhZ dsoy etnwjksa dh lksp vkSj fnekxh dke djus okyksa ds lk/kkj.k fopkj rd gh igq p ik,A (iii)iz'u ds izFke Hkkx dk m kj vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us lVhd fy[kk ysfdu dqN Nk= fy[k ikus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us etnwjksa dks 'ks"kukx rks crk;k ysfdu vk/kkj VwVus okyh ckr Li"V ugha dj ik,A blfy, iz'u ds ftl Hkkx esa ^'ks"kukx D;ksa crk;k gS \* dk m kj Li"V ugha dj ik, ftl dkj.k mUgsa vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (iv) bl fucU/k ys[ku dk m s'; etnwjksa ds Je dks izfrf"Br djuk gSA muds dk;Z dks egRo nsrs gq,] mudh vgfe;r le>rs gq, mUgsa bT+t+r nsuk vkfn ckrsa cgqr ls fo|kFkhZ Li"V ugha dj ik,A dqN fo|kFkhZ ,d gh ckr dh iqujko`f k djrs jgsA orZuh lEcU kh v'kqf);k Hkh feyha ftudk izHkko vadksa ij iM+kA 47 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ckjEckj ikB dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj mlesa fNis Hkko dks le>us ds fy;s izsfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA d{kk esa Nk=ksa dks ;g funsZ'k vo'; fn;k tkuk pkfg;s fd os izR;sd iz'u dks cgqr /;ku ls i<+sa rFkk ;g le>sa fd fdlds fo"k; esa D;k iz'u iwNk tk jgk gSA iz'u ds eq[; fcUnq dks fo'ks"k :i ls Li"V djus dh tkudkjh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nh tkuh pkfg;sA ikB esa ls o.kZukRed iz'uksa dk Hkh d{kk esa vH;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA fofHkUu izdkj ds iz'uksa dk lVhd m kj viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kus ds fy, fyf[kr vH;kl dh vko`f k djok;h tkuh pkfg;sA ikB esa fo'ks"k Hkko rFkk vFkZ j[kus okys 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"k O;k[;k djuh pkfg;sA iz'u ds nksuksa Hkkxksa dk m kj Li"V :i ls vyx&vyx fy[kus dk vH;kl djokuk pkfg;sA vad ;kstuk : u 6 (i) ;gk xk o esa jgus okys nsgkfr;ksa dh lksp dh ckr dh tk jgh gS tks vkt deZ;ksxh ugha jgs gSa] dke ls th pqjkus yxs gSa] vius cPpksa dks vius lkFk dke esa yxkus dh ugha] i<+kus dh lksprs gSa rkfd muds cPpksa dks mudh Hkk fr fnu jkr dfBu ifjJe u djuk iM+sA mudh bl izdkj dh eukso`f k ds ihNs ;gh dkj.k fNik gS fd vkt fdlku vius deZ dks bT+t+r dh n`f"V ls ugha ns[krk gSA (ii)fnekx+h dke djus okys yksx Lo;a dks etnwjksa ls Js"B le>rs gSa blfy, mUgsa de ls de iSlk nsrs gSa rFkk T+;knk ls T+;knk dke djokus dh lksprs gSaA vkt fnekx+h dke djus okys lksprs gSa fd 'kkjhfjd Je rks dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gS ysfdu fnekx+h dke ogh dj ldrk gS ftlus fdrkch Kku gkfly fd;k gksA (iii)ys[kd us etnwjksa dh rqyuk 'ks"kukx ls dh gS D;ksafd ys[kd dk ekuuk gS fd vkt ge tks lq[ke; thou O;rhr dj jgs gSa mlds ihNs etnwjksa dk gh gkFk gSA ftl izdkj fgUnq ekU;rk ds vuqlkj ;g /kjrh 'ks"kukx ds eLrd ij fLFkr ekurs gSa rFkk ;g Hkh ekU;rk gS fd ck<+] HkwdEi tSlh izk frd vkink,a 'ks"kukx ds fgyus&Mqyus ls gh gksrh gSa mlh izdkj ;fn etnwj fdlh dkj.ko'k dke djuk NksM+ nsa rks lkjh /kjrh rgl&ugl gks tk;sxhA eSa Hkh ys[kd ds fopkjksa ls lger gw A (iv) izLrqr fucU/k ys[ku dk eq[; m s'; Je dks izfrf"Br djuk gS D;ksafd ys[kd us et+nwjksa dks egku O;fDr;ksa dh laKk nh gS vFkkZr~ mUgsa egku dk;Z djus okys O;fDr crk;k gSA ys[kd us mUgsa deZ;ksxh ,oa /kekZRek Hkh crk;k gS ,oa mu et+nwjksa dks /kjrh dk 'ks"kukx Hkh dgk gSA Jfedksa ds bUgha lc xq.kksa dk o.kZu djrs gq, muds egRo dks c<+kuk gh ys[kd dk m s'; gSA viuh ckr dks Li"V djus ds fy, ys[kd us jkek;.k esa lhrk rFkk egkHkkjr esa Jh ".k dk mnkgj.k fn;k gSA ys[kd us egkRek xk /kh dk Hkh mnkgj.k nsdj deZ dks gh Js"B crk;k gSA Question 7 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^eSa ugha tkurh fd og 'kga'kkg Fkk ;k lk/kkj.k eqxy] ij ,d fnu blh >ksiM+h ds uhps og jgk FkkA eSaus lquk Fkk] og esjk ?kj cukus dh vkKk ns x;k FkkA eSa vkthou viuh >ksiM+h [kqnokus ds Mj ls Hk;Hkhr jgh FkhA** &eerk& ys[kd t;'kadj izlkn (i) oDrk dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft;sA (ii) dkSu] fdldk ?kj cuokus dh vkKk ns x;k Fkk rFkk D;ksa \ (iii) >ksiM+h ds LFkku ij ogk D;k cuk;k x;k vkSj ml ij D;k fy[kk x;k \ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k;sA crkb;s fd okLro esa og LFkku fdlds uke dk egRo j[krk gS \ (iv) bl dgkuh ds ek ;e ls ys[kd us gesa D;k lans'k nsuk pkgk gS \ 48 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us bl iz'u dk m kj lgh fy[kk exj dqN Nk= eerk ds uke ls Hkzfer fn[kk;h fn;sA dqN Nk=ksa us rks eerk ds ifjp; ds uke ij dsoy uke gh fy[kdj viuk m kj iw.kZ dj fn;kA (ii) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us vius foosd ls bl iz'u ds nksuksa Hkkxksa dk lVhd m kj fy[kkA iz'u vR;Ur ljy Fkk ijUrq dqN fo|kFkhZ iz'u ds nwljs Hkkx ^D;ksa* esa gqek;w ds LFkku ij vdcj fy[kdj Hkzfer gks x,A (iii)>ksaiM+h ds LFkku ij v"Vdks.k efUnj u fy[kdj dqN Nk= dsoy xxupqEch efUnj fy[krs jgs rks dqN us dsoy efUnj gh fy[k fn,A dqNsd Nk=ksa us egy 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;kA v"Vdks.k efUnj ij yxk;s x;s f'kykys[k ij fdldk uke gksuk pkfg;s Fkk bldks fy[kus esa Hkh fo|kFkhZ T+;knkrj Hkzfer gh fn[kkbZ fn;sA (iv) bl iz'u dh xgjkbZ dks u le> ikus ds dkj.k vf/kdka'k Nk= lans'k Bhd ls Li"V ugha dj ik;sA dqN fo|kFkhZ ikB ds lUns'k esa vfrfFk&lRdkj dk gh o.kZu djrs jgsA ns'kHkfDr rFkk d kZO;ijk;.krk dk o.kZu ugha fd;k blfy, os bl iz'u esa iw.kZ vad izkIr ugha dj ik,A 49 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& laoknksa ds vk/kkj ij oDrk ,oa Jksrk ds fo"k; esa ckj&ckj vH;kl djokuk mfpr gksxkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rdZ&'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij m kj fy[kus dk vf/kd ls vf/kd vH;kl djkuk pkfg;sA iz'u rFkk izlax dks tksM+rs gq, m kj esa ftrus Hkh fodYi vkus gksa lHkh dks fy[kus dk vH;kl djokuk Js;Ldj gksxkA ikB ds Hkko dh xgjkbZ ls foospuk djokus dk vH;kl vko';d gSA d{kk esa Nk=ksa dks o.kZukRed iz'uksa dk fyf[kr vH;kl djokuk vR;ko';d gSA fo"k; ij ppkZ Hkh djuh pkfg;sA Nk=ksa esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dks mRiUu djus ds ds iz;kl lkFk&lkFk bl ckr ds fy, ckj&ckj ltx djuk pkfg;s fd os iz'u ds lHkh Hkkxksa dk m kj ckjh&ckjh ls vyx&vyx nsaA ikB fo'ks"k ls feyus okyh lh[k] lans'k vkfn dk vH;kl d{kk esa vo'; djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA ikB ls lEcfU/kr fopkj ,oa ys[ku lEcfU/kr iz'uksa dk fyf[kr vH;kl vo'; djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA ikB esa fufgr dfBu 'kCnksa ds fo'ks"k vFkZ dk vH;kl djkuk Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vkRe& fo'okl esa o`f)dkjd fl) gksrk gSA vad ;kstuk : u 7 (i) oD+rk dk uke eerk] mldh igpku ,oa mlds firk dk uke pwM+kef.k bR;kfn fy[kus ij iw.kZ vad fn;s x;sA (ii) gqek;w dk uke] mlds }kjk eerk dk ?kj cuokus dh vkKk nsuk D;ksafd ogk mlus foJke fd;k Fkk ftlds dkj.k mldh izk.k j{kk gqbZ Fkh vkfn ckrksa ij vad fn;s x;sA (iii)>ksaiM+h ds LFkku ij ,d v"Vdks.k efUnj cuk;k x;k vkSj ml ij fy[kk x;k fd lkrksa ns'kksa ds ujs'k us ;gk ,d fnu foJke fd;k Fkk] mudh Le`fr esa ;g efUnj cuk;k x;k gS rFkk okLro esa og LFkku eerk dk Hkh egRo j[krk gS vkfn rhu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj vad fn;s x, gSaA (iv) eerk dgkuh ls feyus okys lans'k tSls d kZO;ijk;.krk] vfrfFk nsoks Hko%] ns'k ds izfr vVwV HkfDr vkfn fy[kh xb rhu ckrsa ns[kdj iw.kZ vad fn;s x, gSaA pU xqIr fo ekfnR; ys[kd izdk'k uxk;p Question 8 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^eSa gh ugha] ex/k dh lkjh iztk tkurh gS fd tks dqN Hkh jkexqIr vkSj mlds eaf=;ksa us fd;k gS] xqIr oa'k dh ijEijk vkSj LoxhZ; lezkV leqnzxqIr dh bPNk vkSj vkKkvksa ds fo#) gh ugha /keZ ds fo#) Hkh gSA** (i) mDr dFku dk oDrk vkSj Jksrk dkSu gS \ blls iwoZ oDrk Jksrk dh fdlls rqyuk dj jgs Fks vkSj D;ksa \ (ii) /keZ fdls dgrs gSa \ jkexqIr ds }kjk fdl x, dk;Z dks /keZ ds fo#) D;ksa dgk x;k gS \ (iii) leqnzxqIr dk ifjp; nsrs gq, crkb;s fd ;gk mudh ppkZ D;ksa dh tk jgh gS \ (iv) miU;kl ^pUnzxqIr fo ekfnR;* ;q) iz/kku miU;kl gSA mnkgj.k }kjk Li"V dhft;sA 50 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ oD+rk vkSj Jksrk ds uke esa Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn,A dqN Nk=ksa us oD+rk vkSj Jksrk ds uke vny&cny dj fy[ksa tSls fo".kq 'kekZ dks Jksrk rFkk pUnzxqIr dks oD+rk cuk fn;kA dqN cPpksa us leqnzxqIr ds LFkku ij jkexqIr ls rqyuk fy[k nhA vr% lgh uke u fy[kus ds dkj.k ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vad dkV fn;s x,A (ii) /keZ dk lgh vFkZ gS uSfrd ewY;ksa dk ikyu djukA ;gk vusd Nk=ksa us fgUnq&eqfLye /keZ ls tksM+dj vFkZ fy[kkA jkexqIr us firk dk lEeku ugha fd;kA /kqzoLokfeuh ls fookg tSls dk;Z dks /keZ ds fo#) crk;kA (iii) dqN fo|kFkhZ leqnzxqIr dk ifjp; Li"V rkSj ij ugha fy[k ik,A bl iz'u ds m kj esa leqnzxqIr dh foosd'khyrk ,oa nwjnf'kZrk dh iz'kalk gksuh pkfg;s Fkh ysfdu dqN Nk=ksa us dsoy uke crkdj NksM+ fn;kA iz'kalk ugha fy[khA dqN Nk= eq[; fcUnq fy[kus esa vleFkZ jgsA (iv) ;g miU;kl ,d ;q) iz/kku miU;kl gS bl ckr dks Li"V djus esa fo|kFkhZ vleFkZ jgsA dqN Nk= dsoy ,d nks ;q) ds ckjs esa gh crk ldsA iw.kZ ,oa lVhd m kj cgqr de Nk= gh fy[k ik,A bl iz'u ds m kj esa vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa dks vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA 51 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& Nk=ksa dks ckj&ckj miU;kl i<+us ds fy, izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA miU;kl dk ewy Hkko fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks v ;kid }kjk Li"V rkSj ij crkuk pkfg;s vkSj d{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk foospuk Hkh djuh pkfg;sA miU;kl esa of.kZr izR;sd ?kVuk dks foLrkjiwoZd le>krs gq, d{kk esa cPpksa dks fyf[kr vH;kl fn;k tk,A miU;kl dk eapu djokdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks miU;kl ds ,d&,d ik= ds pfj= ,oa pyu ds ckjs esa vklkuh ls le>k;k tk ldrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;g crk;k tkuk pkfg;s fd iz'u esa tgk Hkh FkksM+k lUnsg gks rks iz'u dks ckj&ckj i<+dj visf{kr m kj fy[kus dk iz;kl djsaA dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ d{kk esa crk, tkus pkfg;s ftlls i<+rs le; Nk=ksa dks lc dqN Li"Vr% le> esa vk tk,A miU;kl dh i`"BHkwfe ,sfrgkfld gS] vr% Nk=ksa dks ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; esa dqN lanHkZ vo'; crk;k tkuk pkfg;sA fopkjkRed ,oa foospukRed iz'uksa dk iz;kl d{kk esa djokuk vR;ko';d gSA vad ;kstuk : u 8 (i) izLrqr dFku ds oD+rk ex/k ds jktiqjksfgr fo".kq 'kekZ ,oa Jksrk pUnzxqIr gSaA bl dFku ls iwoZ fo".kq 'kekZ pUnzxqIr dh rqyuk muds firk leqnzxqIr ls dj jgs Fks D;ksafd pUnzxqIr vius firk dh rjg gh ohj] lkglh ,oa xq.kh FksA ftl izdkj muds firk leqnzxqIr us vusd jkT;ksa dks thrdj Hkkjr dks ,d lw= esa ck /kk Fkk ogh dk;Z pUnzxqIr Hkh djuk pkgrs FksA bl rqyuk dk dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd pUnzxqIr ds LFkku ij jkexqIr dk cyiwoZd cSBuk rFkk iztk ij vR;kpkj djuk FkkA ,d vad oD+rk ,oa Jksrk ds uke Bhd fy[kus ij fn;k x;k rFkk vU; vad rqyuk dk dkj.k lgh&lgh fy[kus ijA ;fn nksuksa i{k lVhd fy[ks x;s Fks rks cPpksa us iw.kZ vad izkIr fd,A (ii) uSfrd ewY;ksa ds ekxZ ij pyrs gq, vkpj.k djuk rFkk d kZO; dk ikyu djuk gh /keZ dgykrk gSA jkexqIr us ,d ds ckn ,d dbZ ,sls dk;Z fd, Fks tks iw.kZr% /keZ ds fo#) Fks] tSls firk leqnzxqIr dh chekjh dh lwpuk pUnzxqIr dks u nsuk rFkk HkkbZ pUnzxqIr dh okXn kk ls Lo;a fookg djuk ,oa iztk ij vR;kpkj djuk vkfn ckrksa ij vad&fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA Nk=ksa }kjk nksuksa i{k Li"V djus ij iw.kZ vad izkIr fd, x,A (iii) leqnzxqIr] jkexqIr rFkk pUnzxqIr ds firk FksA og cgqr gh ;ksX;] U;k;&fiz;] lkglh] ohj ,oa foosdh jktk FksA muds jkT; esa vU;k; dk dke gh ugha Fkk] ysfdu vkt muds v/kehZ iq= jkexqIr us cyiwoZd muds jkT; ij vuSfrd :i ls vf/kdkj izkIr dj fy;k gS rFkk og os lc dk;Z dj jgk gS tks leqnzxqIr us dHkh ugha fd;s FksA vkt iztk dks leqnzxqIr rFkk pUnzxqIr ljh[ks jktk dh vko';drk gS ysfdu leqnzxqIr dk fu/ku gks pqdk gS rFkk pUnzxqIr foo'k gSA leqnzxqIr us pUnzxqIr dks gh ;qojkt ?kksf"kr fd;k Fkk ysfdu vkt ifjfLFkfr foijhr py jgh gS blfy, leqnzxqIr dk o.kZu fd;k tk jgk gSA lVhd ,oa lgh m kj fy[ks tkus ij iw.kZ vad fn;s x, gSaA (iv)pUnzxqIr fo ekfnR; ,d ;q) iz/kku miU;kl gSA bl ,dkadh esa izkjEHk ls ysdj vUr rd dsoy ;q)ksa dk gh o.kZu gSA loZizFke pUnzxqIr d'ehj dh vksj ls ;q) djds /kqzoLokfeuh dks ykrk gS fQj ;q) djus v;ks ;k dh vksj pyk tkrk gSA blds foijhr ex/k ds flagklu ij ,d v;ksX; ,oa dk;j 'kkld dks ns[kdj vkl&ikl dh lhekvksa ij vk e.k gksus izkjEHk gks x;s FksA pUnzxqIr dks lcls cM+k ;q) 'kdksa ds rhu 'kfDr'kkyh izns'kksa ekyok] xqtjkr ,oa lkSjk"V ls djuk iM+kA buds vfrfjDr pqUnzxqIr dks vkSj Hkh vusdksa ;q) djus iM+sA bUgha ;q)ksa ds o.kZu ds vk/kkj ij rhu vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA Nk=ksa }kjk leLr ;q)ksa dk lVhd o.kZu djus ij iw.kZ vad fn, x,A Question 9 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^vxj geus 'kdjkt dh ek xs iwjh u dh rks losjk gksrs gh 'kdksa dh lsuk gesa vlgk; HksM+&cdfj;ksa dh rjg dkV MkysxhA** (i) izLrqr laokn ds oDrk vkSj Jksrk dkSu gSa \ laf{kIr ifjp; nhft;sA (ii) 'kdjkt dh 'krs D;k Fkh \ os 'krs viekutud D;ksa Fkh \ (iii) 'kdjkt dh 'krks dks iwjk djus esa D;k dfBukb;k gSa \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA 52 (iv) mi;qZDr laokn dh izfrf ;k esa Jksrk us D;k fopkj izLrqr fd, \ vki bl fopkj ls dgk rd lger gSa \ rdZ lfgr m kj nhft;sA ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k Nk= oD+rk ,oa Jksrk ds uke dks ysdj Hkzfer jgsA dqN Nk=ksa }kjk laf{kIr ifjp; Hkh mYVk fy[kus ds dkj.k vad dkVs x,A (ii) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa }kjk 'kdjkt dh ,d gh 'krZ fy[kh x;h tcfd nks 'krks dk mYys[k djuk FkkA dqN Nk= ;g Li"V ugha dj ik;s fd 'krs viekutud D;ksa FkhA bl dkj.k mUgsa vadksa dk uqd+lku mBkuk iM+kA (iii) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us bl iz'u dk m kj lVhd fy[kkA dqN Nk= 'kdjkt }kjk nh x;h 'krks dk o.kZu Li"V ugha dj ik;s ,oa dqN Nk=ksa ds ys[ku esa eq[; fcUnqvksa dk vHkko jgkA bl dkj.k muds vad dkVs x,A (iv) ^laokn dh izfrf ;k esa Jksrk ds fopkj vyx&vyx nf'kZr gq,* dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us bl ij lgefr trk;h ysfdu dqN vlger Hkh jgsA vius fopkjksa dks rdZ }kjk de gh cPps Li"V dj ik,A rdZiw.kZ fopkj Li"V djus okys Nk=ksa dks iw.kZ vad fn, x;sA 53 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& v ;kid Nk=ksa dks miU;kl ds izR;sd v ;k; dk lfoLrkj v ;;u djk,aA iz'uksa ds m kj Lo&foosd ls nsus rFkk iz'u ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx dks ugha NksM+us ds fy, Nk=ksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA miU;kl dks le>rs gq, ckj&ckj i<+us ds fy, Nk=ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA miU;kl i<+krs le; Hkkjrh; laL fr rFkk mlls tqM+h fo'ks"krkvksa o ekU;rkvksa dk Hkh la{ksi esa o.kZu djuk pkfg;sA miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij bfrgkl ds ,sls rF;ksa ls Nk=ksa dks voxr djkuk pkfg;s tks muds fy, lgk;d lkfcr gksaA pkfjf=r fo'ks"krk crkus okys iz'uksa dk vH;kl djokuk pkfg;s rFkk rqyukRed O;k[;k djuk Hkh fl[kk;k tkuk pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks fopkjkRed ,oa fooj.kkRed iz'uksa dk vf/kdkf/kd vH;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA miU;kl dh izR;sd ?kVuk dks HkyhHkk fr i<+us rFkk mls n;axe djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izsfjr djuk pkfg;s ftlls os ?kVuk fo'ks"k ls tqM+s iz'uksa dk m kj vklkuh ls ns ldsaA d{kk esa v ;kid miU;kl dh mu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k cy nsa tgk ij dqN 'krs j[kh xbZ gksa ;k lgefr@vlgefr trkbZ xbZ gks D;ksafd ,sls iz'uksa ds ek ;e ls Nk=ksa ds ckSf)d Lrj dk vkdyu fd;k tkrk gSA vad ;kstuk : u 9 (i) izLrqr laokn ds oD+rk ex/k lezkV jkexqIr vkSj Jksrk egkea=h o lsukifr f'k[kj Lokeh gSaA jkexqIr us leqnzxqIr dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ pUnzxqIr ds v;ks ;k dh vksj ;q) ds fy, tkus ds ckn v;ksX; gksus ds ckotwn /kks[ks ls jktflagklu ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA lezkV leqnzxqIr us jkexqIr dh v;ksX;rk ds dkj.k gh mls ;qojkt ?kksf"kr ugha fd;k Fkk ysfdu f'k[kj Lokeh dh lgk;rk ,oa "kM+;a= ds dkj.k ;g Lo;a jkt flagklu ij dkfct+ gks x;k FkkA (ii) 'kdjkt [kkjosy us laf/k ds izLrko esa d'ehj ds lkFk&lkFk iatkc rd dk jkT; nsuk rFkk /kqzoLokfeuh ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh lkeUrksa dh ifRu;ksa dks 'kdjkt ds vUr%iqj esa Hksts tkusokyh nks 'krks dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA ;s nksuksa 'krs vR;Ur viekutud Fkha D;ksafd buesa leLr L=h tkfr dk vieku rFkk ex/k dks dyafdr djus okyh ckr FkhA (iii)'kdjkt [kkjosy dh 'krks dks iwjk djus esa igyh dfBukbZ ;g Fkh fd ex/k lezkV leqnzxqIr us ftl fo'kky lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh og gkFkksa ls fudyrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk D;ksafd 'kdjkt d'ehj jkT; ds lkFk iatkc izns'k dh Hkh ek x dj jgk Fkk tks vuqfpr FkkA nwljh dfBukbZ ;g Fkh fd /kqzoLokfeuh ds lkFk&lkFk leLr lkeUrksa dh ifRu;ksa dks 'kdjkt ds vUr%iqj esa Hkstuk /keZ] lekt ,oa uhfr ds fo#) Fkk rFkk lkFk&lkFk jkexqIr ds }kjk geys dk Hkh Mj Fkk D;ksafd jkexqIr Hkh rks pUnzxqIr dks ekjuk gh pkgrk FkkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk bu rhu ckrksa dk lVhd mYys[k fd;s tkus ij rhu vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (iv) mi;qZDr laokn dh izfrf ;k esa Jksrk f'k[kjLokeh us ;g dgk fd gekjh foo'krk gS fd ge 'kdjkt dh 'krs eku tk,a D;ksafd ge rHkh ex/k jkT; rFkk vius izk.kksa dh j{kk dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh gesa ;g Hkh ekuuk iM+sxk fd ge /kqzoLokfeuh dks Hkh Hkstsa D;ksafd 'kkL= Hkh ;gh dgrk gS fd dqy dh j{kk ds fy, ,d O;fDr dk] uxj dh j{kk ds fy, dqy dk rFkk jk"V dh j{kk ds fy, uxj dk R;kx dj nsuk pkfg;sA ,d dh j{kkFkZ vusd dk fouk'k v/keZ gS blfy, egknsoh ds fy, bruh cM+h lsuk dk fouk'k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl fopkj ls fdlh Hkh gkyr esa lger ugha gqvk tk ldrk ;g dk;jrk dgykrk gSA fQj jktk dk d kZO; viuh iRuh ds lEeku dh j{kk djuk] viuh iztk dh j{kk djuk gksrk gSA blds fy, ;fn 'kL= Hkh mBkus iM+sa rks ihNs ugha gVuk pkfg;sA buesa ls eq[; rhu ckrksa ds fy[kus ij vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gSaA Question 10 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^ysfdu ;g fot; v/kwjh gS] lezkV ! ;qojkt panzxqIr vkSj /kqzoLokfeuh dk lcls cM+k cSjh vHkh Hkh thfor gSA** (i) mi;ZqDr dFku fdlus] fdlls] dc vkSj dgk dgk gS \ (ii) oDrk fdl fot; dh ckr dj jgk gS \ ;g fot; dSls ikbZ xbZ Fkh \ la{ksi esa fyf[k;sA (iii) ^lcls cM+k cSjh* dkSu gS \ og lcls cM+k cSjh D;ksa gS \ dkj.k lfgr m kj nhft;sA (iv) ^lcls cM+k cSjh* dc vkSj fdl rjg ekjk tkrk gS \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA 54 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa }kjk lgh m kj fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k ysfdu dqN Nk= dc vkSj dgk fy[kus esa Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds m kj i<+dj ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd mUgksaus vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij m kj fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA (ii) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us cgqr gh lqUnj ,oa lVhd m kj fy[ks fdUrq dqN Nk= ^fot;* ds dkj.k dks Li"V ugha dj ik,A dqN Nk= uke dks ysdj Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA (iii)vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds }kjk fy[ks x;s m kj lVhd ,oa lgh Fks exj dgha&dgha vfHkO;fDr dh Li"Vrk dk vHkko fn[kkbZ fn;k FkkA dqN fo|kFkhZ miU;kl ds v ;k; dks ysdj Hkzfer jgs fd izLrqr iz'u miU;kl ds dkSuls v ;k; ls lEcU/k j[krs gSa blfy, os nwljs v ;k; dk iz'u le>dj mlh ds vuqlkj m kj fy[krs jgsA (iv) dqN fo|kFkhZ ejus dk dkj.k rFkk jkexqIr fdlds }kjk ekjk x;k vkfn ckrksa dks ysdj Hkzfer jgsA dqN fo|kFkhZ cSjh gksus ds dkj.k dks Li"V ugha dj ik;s vkSj u gh os cSjh ds ejus dk dkj.k Li"V dj ik,A v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& d{kk esa miU;kl i<+krs le; ukeksa dks js[kkafdr djkus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ik=ksa ds uke ;kn j[kus esa vklkuh gh jgsxhA miU;kl dks ckj&ckj le>dj i<+us ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks iszfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij Nk=ksa dks le;≤ ij ,sfrgkfld rF;ksa ls ifjfpr djokuk muds fy, Js;Ldj fl) gksxkA iz'u ds lHkh Hkkxksa dk m kj izFkd&izFkd fy[kus dk vH;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA miU;kl ds lHkh rF;ksa dh tkudkjh nsuh vR;ko';d gSA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);k ckjEckj vH;kl ls lq/kkjh tk ldrh gSaA miU;kl ds izR;sd v ;k; esa of.kZr eq[; fcUnqvksa dk ckjEckj vH;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks ;g le>kuk muds fgr esa Js;Ldj gksxk fd os m kj fy[kus ds ckn ,d ckj ljljh ut+jksa ls vius }kjk fy[ks x, m kj dks vo'; i<+ ysa fd muds m kj iw.kZ ,oa Li"V gSaA vad ;kstuk : u 10 (i) mi;qZDr dFku nsooekZ dk gSA og ;g dFku lezkV jkexqIr ls 'kdjkt [kkjosy dh Nkouh esa pUnzxqIr ds f'kfoj esa ml le; dj jgk gS tc pUnzxqIr us viuh vn~Hkqr ;kstuk ls 'kdjkt dk vUr dj fn;k FkkA lezkV jkexqIr bls pUnzxqIr dh egku fot; ?kksf"kr dj jgs gSa ysfdu nsooekZ blls lger ugha gS rHkh og ;g dFku dgrk gSA bUgha eq[; fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (ii) oD+rk nsooekZ 'kdjkt [kkjosy ij izkIr fot; dh ckr dj jgk gS D;ksafd lezkV ds :i esa ex/k ds flagklu ij jkexqIr dks ns[kdj 'kdjkt [kkjosy dk lkgl c<+ pqdk FkkA og jkexqIr dh detksfj;k tkurk Fkk fd jkexqIr jkT; dh j{kk djus ds ;ksX; ugha gSA blfy, mlus ekSdk ns[kdj ex/k lkezkT; ij vk e.k dj fn;kA b/kj pUnzxqIr us vkrs gh ,d vpwd ;kstuk ds rgr /kqzoLokfeuh ls feydj mlh 55 ds [kses esa tkdj nq"V 'kdjkt dks ekjdj ml ij fot; izkIr dj yhA bUgha fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij vad fn, x,A (iii) ;gk lcls cM+k cSjh jkexqIr dks crk;k x;k gS bldk dkj.k jkexqIr dh x kjh gS D;ksafd mlus pUnzxqIr dh vuqifLFkfr esa f'k[kjLokeh ds lkFk feydj ex/k ds flagklu ij gh vf/kdkj dj fy;k FkkA jkexqIr us /kqzoLokfeuh ds lkFk Hkh cyiwoZd fookg dj fy;k Fkk rFkk mlus egkeU=h lkseukFk dk Hkh o/k dj fn;k FkkA mlus pUnzxqIr dks egkjkt leqnzxqIr dh chekjh dh Hkh lwpuk ugha nh FkhA blh dkj.k nsooekZ jkexqIr dks lcls cM+k dk;j ,oa cSjh ekurs FksA bUgha rhu dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij rhu vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (iv) vius lEcks/ku esa tc nsooekZ pUnzxqIr dks ;qojkt ,oa /kqzoLokfeuh dks nsoh dgrk gS rks jkexqIr vR;Ur ksf/kr gks tkrk gS vkSj og nsooekZ dks cUnh cukus dk vkns'k nsrk gS ftls pUnzxqIr foQy dj nsrk gSA m/kj /kqzoLokfeuh Hkh jkexqIr dh iRuh gksus dh ckr vLohdkj dj nsrh gS D;ksafd mldh bPNk ds fo#) fd;k x;k ;g fookg og vU;k; ekurh gSA ;g lqudj jkexqIr ks/k ls ryokj gkFk esa ysdj /kqzoLokfeuh ij okj djrk gS rHkh nsooekZ vkdj ml okj dks Vky nsrs gSa rFkh vpkud jkexqIr pUnzxqIr ij vk e.k dj nsrk gS ftldks nsooekZ cnkZ'r ugha dj ikrs vkSj rqjUr iwjh 'kfDr ds lkFk jkexqIr dks ryokj ls phjdj ml v/kehZ dk vUr dj nsrs gSaA bu rhu fcUnqvksa dks vk/kkj cukdj gh rhu vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA ,dkadh lqeu Question 11 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^egkjkt jke ds cy ls dkSu fuHkhZd vkSj fuMj ugha gS \ muds izrki ds lkeus rqEgkjk izrki D;k gS \ D;k tqxuqvksa dk izdk'k dHkh lw;Z ds izdk'k dh lekurk dj ldrk gSA vkSj ml izdk'k ls D;k dHkh defyuh f[ky ldrh gS \ ,sls O;fDr dk izrki-----** &jktjkuh lhrk& ys[kd MkW- jkedqekj oekZ (i) izLrqr dFku dk oD+rk dkSu gS \ mlus ;s okD; fdlls vkSj dc dgk \ (ii) oD+rk us ^tqxuqvksa dk izdk'k* ,oa ^lw;Z ds izdk'k* dh rqyuk fdlls vkSj D;ksa dh gS \ la{ksi esa fyf[k;sA (iii) oDrk] Jksrk ds fdl viekutud dk;Z ds fy;s mls yfTtr djrk gS \ viekutud dk;Z esa Jksrk dh eq[; :i ls fdlus vkSj fdl izdkj lgk;rk dh Fkh \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA (iv) oD+rk dk ifjp; nsrs gq;s muds pfj= dh eq[; nks fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k;sA 56 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us oD+rk dk ifjp; rks lgh fy[kk ysfdu ;g okD; fdlls vkSj dc dgk ds fo"k; esa lgh&lgh ugha fy[k ik, vkSj Hkzfer fn[kk;h fn,A (ii) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us bl iz'u ds nksuksa Hkkxksa ds m kj larks"kizn fy[ks fdUrq dqN Nk= rqyukRed foospuk djus esa vleFkZ jgsA blfy, os jke dk izrki tqxuw ls vkSj jko.k dk izrki lw;Z ls djus yxs tks iw.kZr;k% xyr FkkA dqN fo|kFkhZ jke vkSj jko.k dh 'kfDr dh rqyuk lgh <ax ls ugha dj ik, vkSj Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn,A (iii)vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lHkh Hkkxksa ds m kj lUrks"ktud FksA ijUrq dqN Nk= ;g fy[kus esa Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;s fd Jksrk dh eq[;:i ls lgk;rk fdlus vkSj fdl izdkj dh FkhA ekjhp dk o.kZu djus esa rks Nk= Hkzfer gh fn[kkbZ fn;sA ^Lo.kZ e`x* dk fooj.k Hkh dqN gh Nk= dj ik,A dqN Nk=ksa us rks ekek vkSj ekjhp esa Hksn gh dj fn;kA (iv) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us oD+rk dk ifjp; rks Li"V :i ls fy[kk exj muds pfj= dks Li"V ugha dj ik;s vkSj u gh muds pfj= dh fo'ks"krk dh ckr crk ik,A fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy[ks x, m kjksa esa Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dk ckgqY; FkkA 57 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& dkadh dks ckj&ckj i<+us ds fy, Nk=ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k tkuk pkfg;s rFkk ,dkadh dh ,d&,d ?kVuk dks n;axe djus ds fy, mUgsa izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA ,dkadh vR;Ur ljy gSA d{kk esa ,dkadh dk eapu djokdj eq[; ?kVukvksa dks Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d jkspd xfrfof/k gksxhA ;fn v ;kid ,dkadh ds fofHkUu ik=ksa dks vyx&vyx fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa foHkDr dj nsa rks Nk=ksa dks ,dkadh ds fofHkUu ik=ksa ds dFkuksa dk Lej.k vklkuh ls gks tk;sxkA izeq[k pfj=ksa ds uke ukVd esa fo'ks"k:i ls crk;s tkus pkfg;sA bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg;s fd Nk= m kj fy[krs le; oD+rk vkSj Jksrk ds uke lgh&lgh fy[ksaA Hkk"kk ,oa orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dk fujkdj.k ckj&ckj fyf[kr vH;kl ds }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA izR;sd ,dkadh ds lkekU; Kku ls lEcfU/kr m kj fy[kus dk vH;kl ckjEckj djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA vad ;kstuk : u 11 (i) izLrqr dFku dh oD+rk jktjkuh lhrk gSaA mUgksaus ;g okD; jko.k ls dgk vkSj ;g okD; ml le; dgk x;k tc jko.k lhrk dks Mjk jgk gS ysfdu lhrk ifrozrk gksus ds dkj.k mlls fdlh Hkh izdkj ls Hk;Hkhr ugha gks jgh gSaA Nk=ksa dks blh vk/kkj ij vad Hkh fn;s x,A (ii) oD+rk jktjkuh lhrk us jko.k ds izrki dh rqyuk tqxuqvksa ds izdk'k ls dh gS rFkk jke ds izrki dh rqyuk lw;Z ls dh gS D;ksafd mudk er gS fd muds ifr ^jke* dh rqyuk dksbZ ugha dj ldrkA lw;Z ds izdk'k ls gh lkjk tx izdkf'kr gksrk gS tcfd jko.k dk izrki tqxuw ds izdk'k dh rjg gS ftlls yadk tSlk NksVk lk LFkku gh izdkf'kr gks ldrk gSA bldh rqyukRed foospuk ds vk/kkj ij vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x,A (iii)oD+rk lhrk Jksrk jko.k dks /kks[ks ls mudk vigj.k djus tSls ?k`f.kr dk;Z ds fy, yfTtr djrh gSaA bl vekuoh; ,oa uhp dk;Z esa jko.k dh lgk;rk mlds ekek ekjhp us lksus dk fgj.k cudj lhrk dks Hkzfer dj mls ikus ds fy, vkdf"kZr dj ds dh FkhA bl iwjh ?kVuk ds laf{kIr o.kZu ds vk/kkj ij gh vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (iv) oD+rk lhrk dk ifjp; ,oa muds pfj=&fp=.k ds vk/kkj ij gh vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x, gSaA ,d vad ifjp; dk rFkk nks vad pfj=&fp=.k ds o.kZu ij vk/kkfjr FksA bUgha ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vad fn;s x;sA Question 12 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^ugha] og Bksdj blfy, [kkrk gS fd vk [kksa okyk ikl [kM+k O;fDr mls lgkjk ugha nsrk] mls lgkjk nsus ls drjkrk gSA ge Hkh tc va/ks gks tkrs gSa rks pkgrs gSa vkl&ikl ls jl dh nks cw nsa gesa fey tk, A lp uh#] ;s jl dh cw nsa I;kj dh cwnsa gSa tks thou ds lkjs va/ksjs dks vanj rd iksaN Mkyrh gSa vkSj gekjh ftUnxh rc mtkyksa esa ugk ldrh gSA** &HkVdu& ysf[kdk 'kSy jLrksxh (i) izLrqr dFku dk oD+rk dkSu gS \ rFkk Jksrk dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft;sA (ii) va/kk Bksdj D;ksa [kkrk gS \ bl okD; ds ek ;e ls oD+rk D;k dguk pkgrk gS \ (iii) jl dh cw nksa dk rkRi;Z Li"V dhft;sA oD+rk jl dh cw nsa D;ksa pkgrk gS \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA (iv) ^gekjh ftUnxh rc mtkyksa esa ugk ldrh gSA* dFku ds vk/kkj ij oD+rk ds Hkko Li"V dhft;sA 58 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa }kjk bl iz'u dk m kj lgh fy[kk x;kA dqN Nk= oD+rk vkSj Jksrk ds uke esa Hkzfer jgsA dqN Nk=ksa us ifjp; esa dqN Hkh ugha fy[kkA dqN us vk kk& v/kwjk] dqN us x+yr&lyr ifjp; fy[kk ftl dkj.k ,sls Nk=ksa dks vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (ii) ^dksbZ lgkjk u feyus ij va/ks gksdj Bksdj [kkuk* bl Hkko dks cgqr de cPps gh Li"V dj ik;sA cPpksa us HkVdu dk ewy dkj.k mfpr ekxZn'kZu dk vHkko fy[kdj iz'u dk m kj lVhd ,oa lgh fy[kk] ex+j HkVdu ds dkj.k dks Li"V rkSj ij ugha le>k ik;s ftl dkj.k dqN vad dkVs x;sA (iii)jl dh cw nsa vFkkZr~ I;kj dh cw nsaA I;kj ls Hkjs nks 'kCn jl dh cw nksa ds leku gksrs gSaA ekrk&firk dk I;kj gesa HkVdus ls cpkrk gSA ftu cPPkksa dks ;g I;kj ?kj esa ugha feyrk os bl I;kj dks ckgj [kkstrs gSa vkSj vius ekxZ ls HkVd tkrs gSaA bl ckjhd+h dk o.kZu vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ ugha dj ik;s ftl dkj.k mUgsa vadksa dk uqd+lku mBkuk iM+kA (iv) oD+rk dk Hkko fd gekjh ftUnx+h rc mtkyksa ls ugk ldrh gS euqt us uh: ls dgk ysfdu dqN cPps oD+rk ds opuksa esa Hkzfer jgsA ;gk mtkyksa ls vfHkizk; [kq'kh ds izdk'k ls gS] ekrk&firk ds lkFk ls gS] muls feyus okys I;kj ls gS ftls dqN cPps Li"V ugha dj ik;s exj dqN cPpksa us bl iz'u dk m kj vius 'kCnksa esa lgh fy[kkA 59 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& ikB esa fufgr Hkkoksa dks d{kk esa Li"V :i ls le>k;k tkuk pkfg;sA oD+rk] Jksrk rFkk eq[; fcUnqvksa dk vH;kl le;≤ ij d{kk esa djokrs jguk pkfg;sA v ;kid ikB dks ckj&ckj i<+us ds fy, izsfjr djsa rks Nk=ksa dh HkzkfUr;k nwj gks tk;saxhA ,dkadh dk m s';] 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk rFkk ikB ls feyus okyh lh[k tSls iz'uksa dk vH;kl d{kk esa vo'; djkuk pkfg;sA dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ okD;ksa dk vH;kl ikB i<+krs le; gh djk nsuk pkfg;sA d{kk esa dqN o.kZukRed rFkk LofopkjkfHkO;fDr ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa dk vH;kl Hkh djokuk tkuk pkfg;s ftlls Nk=ksa esa vkRefo'okl dh o`f) gksrh gSA ,dkadh esa of.kZr ik=ksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa muds pfj=&fp=.k ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa dk vH;kl Hkh d{kk esa le;≤ ij djokuk vko';d gSA ,dkadh dk eapu djokdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,dkadh esa fufgr Hkko dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds le{k Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ekrk&firk dk egRo thou esa loksZifj gS rFkk ekrk&firk lnSo viuh larku ds fgr dh gh lksprs gSaA bl ckr dh ppkZ d{kk esa O;kid :i ls djuh pkfg;sA vad ;kstuk : u 12 (i) izLrqr dFku dk euqt oD+rk gS tks ,d HkVdu dk f'kdkj gqvk ckyd gSA euqt ,d e ;eoxhZ; ifjokj esa tUek gS tks vkfFkZd raxh ls tw>rs gq, vius ekrk&firk ds ifjJe dks xgjkbZ ls ugha le> ikrk gSA Jksrk mldh cgu uh: gSA oD+rk ,oa Jksrk ds uke rFkk muds laf{kIr ifjp; ds vk/kkj ij gh vad fn, x;s gSaA (ii) va/kk Bksdj D;ksa [kkrk gS \ bl okD; ds ek ;e ls oD+rk ;g ckr le>kuk pkgrk gS fd ;fn cPpksa dks ekrk&firk ds I;kj dh jks'kuh u feys rks mudh fLFkfr va/kksa dh Hkk fr gks tkrh gS vkSj os Bksdj [kkdj ft+Unxh ds ekxZ ls HkVd tkrs gSaA bl izdkj ds Li"Vhdj.k ij gh vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (iii)jl dh cw nksa ls rkRi;Z I;kj dh cw nksa ls gSA oD+rk euqt HkVdu dk f'kdkj gS blfy, og vius ekrk&firk ls Mk V&QVdkj ugha dsoy Lusg rFkk le; pkgrk gS rkfd mlds eu ls ;g ckr iwjh rjg ls nwj gks tk, fd mlds ekrk&firk mls I;kj ugha djrs vkfn Hkkoksa ds vk/kkj ij gh ewY;kadu ds le; vad vkcafVr fd, x, gSaA (iv) ^gekjh ft+Unxh rc mtkyksa ls ugk ldrh gS* iafDr dk Hkko Li"V djuk Fkk fd ekrk&firk dk Lusg gesa pkb;ksa ds f'k[kj ij igq pk ldrk gS vkSj blds foijhr ekrk&firk ds I;kj ds vHkko esa cPpksa dh ft+Unxh va/ksjh xfy;ksa esa HkVd ldrh gSA oD+rk euqt ds blh dFku ds Li"Vhdj.k ds vk/kkj ij vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gSA Question 13 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : ^^gk ] iwNrs Fks] eSaus dg fn;k fd cPpk gS] ij ek dh ekSr ds ckn mldh gkyr Bhd ugha jgrh] ijekRek gh ekfyd gSA** &y{eh dk Lokxr& ys[kd misUnzukFk ^v'd* (i) mDr okrkZyki fduds chp dc gks jgk gS \ la{ksi esa fyf[k;sA (ii) Jksrk dkSu gS \ mlds vuqlkj chekj cPps dh ek dh e`R;q fdl izdkj gqbZ \ (iii) ,slh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa oD+rk }kjk vius iq= jks'ku dk 'kxqu ysuk dgk rd mfpr gS \ vius fopkj O;Dr dhft;sA (iv) ,dkadh dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, m s'; fyf[k;sA 60 ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) dqN gh Nk=ksa us bl iz'u dk m kj fcYdqy lgh fy[kkA dqN Nk= ukeksa dks ysdj Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA dqN Nk=ksa us okrkZyki esa lfEefyr O;fDr;ksa ds uke rks lgh fy[ks exj ;g okrkZyki dc gks jgk gS bls Li"V ugha dj ik, vr% Hkzfer gh jgsA (ii) Jksrk ls yxHkx lHkh fo|kFkhZ ifjpr Fks ysfdu ;g Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgs fd chekj cPps dh ek dh e`R;q fdl izdkj gqbZA e`R;q dk dkj.k ykijokgh rFkk ft+xj dk cq[kkj FkkA ;s ckrsa de gh cPps Li"V dj ik;sA vr% dbZ cPpksa dks bl iz'u ds m kj esa dqN vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (iii)dqN Nk=ksa us 'kxqu ysus ds dk;Z dks cM+s gh jkspd <ax ls le>k;k ysfdu dqN cPps viuh ckr Li"V djus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN fo|kFkhZ 'kxqu ds dk;Z dk o.kZu rks HkyhHkk fr dj ik, exj fo"ke fLFkfr D;k Fkh bl rF; dk o.kZu ugha dj ik;sA (iv) vf/kdka'k fo|kfFkZ;ksa us m s'; esa fy[kh tkus okyh ckrksa dks Hkyh&Hkk fr mdsjk gS ysfdu dqN Nk=ksa us m s'; rks fy[kk exj blesa fufgr mnkgj.k dh vksj /;ku gh ugha fn;kA blfy, ,sls fo|kFkhZ iz'u dk m kj iw.kZ ugha fy[k ik, ftl dkj.k muds vad dkVs x,A 61 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& d{kk esa v ;kid le;≤ ij ikB ls lEcfU/kr lkekU; iz'uksa ,oa LofopkjkfHkO;fDr lEcU/kh iz'uksa dk vH;kl vo'; djkrs jgsaA iwNs x;s iz'uksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj lgh m kj fy[kus ds fy;s Nk=ksa dks izsfjr djsa rFkk d{kk esa vH;kl djk,aA 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk] m s';] ik=&ifjp;] pfj=&fp=.k ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa dk vH;kl d{kk esa le;≤ ij vo'; gksuk pkfg;sA blls Nk=ksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+rk gS rFkk QyLo:i m ke vadksa dh izkfIr djokus esa ;g vH;kl dkjxj fl) gksrk gSA izR;sd ,dkadh i<+krs le; bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tk, fd ,dkadh fo'ks"k esa of.kZr ,d ik= ds lEcU/k esa fo|kFkhZ HkyhHkk fr tku tk;saA ,dkadh dks vfHku;kRed :i ls i<+kus ij Hkh cPpksa ij ldkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gS] QyLo:i os blesa fufgr m s'; dks HkyhHkk fr le> ikrs gSaA le;≤ ij d{kk ijh{kk ds ek ;e ls Hkh cPpksa dk eukscy c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA vad ;kstuk : u 13 (i) iz'u esa iwNk x;k okrkZyki jks'ku ds ekrk&firk ds e ; gks jgk gSA ;g okrkZyki rc gks jgk gS tc fl;kydksV okys jks'ku dk fj'rk ysdj vk, gSa rFkk jks'ku ds ekrk&firk mUgsa [kkyh gkFk ykSVkuk ugha pkgrs gSaA bUgha ckrksa ij vad fn;s x;sA (ii) Jksrk tks jks'ku dh ek gS og ,d vui<+] va/kfo'oklh efgyk gSA mlds vuqlkj chekj cPps dh e`R;q dk dkj.k MkWDVj dks fn[kkuk gS D;ksafd og nslh nokb;ksa ij vf/kd fo'okl djrh gS vkSj ;gh ykijokgh ml cPps dh e`R;q dk dkj.k Hkh cu x;hA vad fu/kkZj.k Hkh Jksrk ds uke rFkk ek dh e`R;q ds dkj.k ds Li"Vhdj.k ij gh fd;k x;kA (iii)bl fo"ke ifjfLFkfr esa tc jks'ku dh iRuh dh e`R;q gks xbZ gS vkSj vc mldk ,dek= iq= Hkh ej.kklUu dh fLFkfr esa gS jks'ku ds ekrk&firk jks'ku ds fookg dk 'kxqu ysus dh ckr dj jgs gSaA esjs fopkj ls blls c<+dj vU; dksbZ vekuoh; dk;Z ugha gks ldrk D;ksafd tks L=h ejh gS og Hkh mudh iq=o/kq Fkh rFkk vc tks ckyd ej.kklUu fLFkfr esa gS og Hkh mudk gh iksrk gSA ,sls esa Hkkoukghu gksdj fu.kZ; ysuk loZFkk vuqfpr gSA vad fu/kkZj.k Hkh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr] 'kxqu ysuk rFkk cPPkksa dh fopjkfHkO;fDr dks /;ku esa j[kdj gh fd;k x;k gSA (iv) ^y{eh dk Lokxr* uked ,dkadh ds ys[ku dk eq[; m s'; lekt esa QSyh /ku dh yksyqirk rFkk euq"; dh n;ghurk dks mtkxj djuk gSA vkt dk euq"; /ku ds ykyp esa bruk va/kk gks x;k gS fd mls le;&dqle; dk Hkh /;ku ugha jgk gSA mls dsoy /ku gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks ljklj xyr ,oa v/kkfeZd gSA ftl izdkj bl ,dkadh esa Hkh jks'ku tks ,dkadh dk eq[; ik= gS mldh iRuh dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS rFkk mldk iq= Hkh ej.kklUu fLFkfr esa gh gS ,sls esa mlds ekrk&firk ml ij nwljs fookg ds fy, ncko Mky jgs gSaA os 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz jks'ku dk nwljk fookg djuk pkgrs gSa og Hkh fl;kydksV ls vk;s yksxksa dh csVh ds lkFk D;ksafd fl;kydksV okys cgqr cM+s O;kikjh gSa] /kuh gSaA bl iz'u ds m kj esa fy[ks x;s /ku dh yksyqirk ds dksbZ nks mnkgj.k rFkk ,d mnkgj.k ,dkadh ls fn;s tkus ij vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA dkO;&pfU dk Question 14 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : cfx;k gjh&gjh] olqU/kjk Hkjh&Hkjh fQj D;ksa jgs euq"; dh n'kk ejh&ejh QSys dqVh&dqVh egy&egy] rjh&rjh ?kj esa fcjknjh] lekt esa cjkcjh ,slk u gks fd dksfV&dksfV gh nq[kh jgs a rqe osnuk gjks] mnkj osnuk gjks] rqe osnuk gjksA c<+rh pys drkj ns'k dh iqdkj ij /kqu NsM+ nks ubZ] lef"V ds flrkj ij 62 ihNs fd;k djks flaxkj }kj&}kj ij igys tys fn;k 'kghn ds etkj ij os ns'k ij p<+k x, 'kjhj Qwy lk rqe oUnuk djks] rK oUnuk djks] rqe oUnuk djksA (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) &uohu dYiuk djks& dfo xksiky flag usikyh cfx;k gjh&gjh rFkk olqU/kjk Hkjh&Hkjh dk euq"; dh n'kk ls D;k lEcU/k gS \ dfo dks fdl nq[k dh fpUrk gS \ dfo vius bl nq[k dks nwj djus ds fy, fdlls D;k dg jgk gS \ vius }kj dks ltkus ls igys dfo D;k djus dks dg jgk gS \ gesa fdu yksxksa ds izfr rK gksuk pkfg;s rFkk D;ksa \ le>kdj fyf[k;sA izLrqr dfork dk ewyHkko fyf[k;sA ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k cPpksa us bl iz'u dk m kj lgh ,oa lVhd fy[kkA dqN gh Nk= lgh m kj fy[kus esa vleFkZ jgsA dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks cfx;k gjh&Hkjh dk euq"; dh n'kk ls lEcfU kr fcUnqvksa dks le>kus esa dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA dqN cPpksa us rks dfork dh iafDr;ksa dks iz'u&i= esa ls m kj&iqfLrdk esa T;ksa dk R;ksa gh mrkj fn;kA (ii) dfo ds nq%[k vkSj fpUrk dks cgqr ls cPps le>us vkSj le>k ikus esa vleFkZ jgsA dfo nq%[k dks nwj djus ds fy;s fdu ls D;k dg jgs gSa blds Hkko dks Li"V djus esa dqN fo|kFkhZ Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA dqN fo|kFkhZ ;g crkus esa Hkh vlQy jgs fd bl dfork ds ek ;e ls dfo D;k dguk pkg jgs gSaA dfo dks ns'k esa QSyh xjhch dh fpUrk gS muds vuqlkj ns'kokfl;ksa dks ns'k esa cuh oLrqvksa dk ykHk feyuk pkfg;sA dfo ds bl Hkko ,oa vk'k; dks le>kus esa dqN fo|kFkhZ iw.kZ:is.k foQy jgs] blfy, ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dqN vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (iii) iz'u dk m kj vf/kdka'k cPpksa us mfpr <ax ls fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;kA bl iz'u esa iwNh x;h rhuksa ckrksa dk Li"Vhdj.k lHkh fo|kFkhZ ugha dj ldsA bl dkj.k muds dqN vad dkVs x;sA (iv) dfo us ;g dfork fdl ewyHkko ls fy[kh bl rF; dks le>kus esa cgqr ls fo|kFkhZ vlQy jgsA cgqr ls fo|kFkhZ ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk txkuk rFkk ;qokvksa dks tkx`r djus tSls Hkkoksa dks Li"V dj ik, ysfdu dqN Nk= bl Hkko rd ugha igq p ik,A QyLo:i mUgsa dqN vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA 63 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& d{kk esa dfork i<+krs le; blesa fNis ewyHkko dk HkyhHkk fr Li"Vhdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ;FkklEHko bl ewyHkko dks ';keiV~V ij fy[kdj cPpksa rd igq pk;k tkuk Js;Ldj jgsxkA dfork fo'ks"k ls lEcfU/kr fHkUu&fHkUu fo'ys"k.kkRed ,oa fooj.kkRed iz'uksa dk vH;kl d{kk esa vo'; djk;k tkuk pkfg;sA dfork fo'ks"k i<+kus ls iwoZ v ;kid dks d{kk esa lEcfU/kr dfo dk laf{kIr ifjp;] dfork dk izdkj vkfn ckrksa dk Kku vo'; djkuk pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks dfork dk HkkokFkZ vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;s rFkk ys[ku {kerk lq/kkjus ds fy, le;≤ funsZ'k nsrs jguk pkfg;sA v ;kid }kjk Nk=ksa dks dfork d.BLFk dj le>us ds fy, izsfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ,slk djus ls Nk= dfork fo'ks"k dk HkkokFkZ vkRelkr djus esa lgt gksaxsA vad ;kstuk : u 14 (i) dfo us izLrqr dfork ds ek ;e ls Hkkjr dh izk frd lEink dk c[kku fd;k gS fd Hkkjr ns'k ds ckx&cxhps [ksr&[kfygku lc gjs&Hkjs gSaA leLr Hkkjr Hkwfe Qlyksa ls ygygkrh gSA gekjs ns'k dh /kjrh ds Hkhrj vrqfyr ek=k esa fofHkUu izdkj ds [kfut inkFkZ ik, tkrs gSaA bruh lEink gksus ij Hkh Hkkjr ds yksxksa dh n'kk Bhd D;ksa ugha gS \ bruh xjhch dk dkj.k D;k gS \ dfo dk ekuuk gS fd bl izk frd lEink dk Qk;nk gj Hkkjroklh dks feyuk pkfg;sA bl lEink dk izHkko dqfV;k ls ysdj egyksa rd igq puk pkfg;sA gj xjhc vkSj vehj dks bl lEink dk ykHk feyuk pkfg;sA buesa ls fdUgha nks Hkkoksa dks ns[krs gq, nks vad fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gSaA (ii) dfo dks bl nq%[k dh fpUrk gS fd dgha ,slk u gks fd LorU=rk dk ykHk vke vkneh rd igq p gh u ik;sA ,slk dnkfi ugha gksuk pkfg;s fd ns'k dk ,d oxZ rks [kq'kgky gks tk;s vkSj nwljk oxZ vHkkoksa dk thou thus dks foo'k gks tk;sA lekt esa QSyh vkfFkZd fo"kerk gh dfo dh ewy fpUrk dk dkj.k gSA dfo pkgrs gSa fd lHkh esa lekurk dk Hkko gksA bUgha Hkkoksa ds vk/kkj ij nks vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gSaA (iii)vius ?kj ds }kj ltkus ls iwoZ gesa ns'k ds 'kghnksa dh lekf/k ij nhid tykus pkfg;s D;ksafd bu egku 'kghnksa ds cfynku ds QyLo:i gh gesa LorU=rk izkIr gqbZ gS vkSj gesa vius }kj dks viuh bPNkuq:i ltkus dk vf/kdkj Hkh bUgha 'kghnksa ds cfynku ds ckn gh izkIr gqvk gSA gesa lnSo bu 'kghnksa ds izfr rKrk izdV djrs gq,] buds cfynku dk Lej.k djrs gq,] bUgsa J)k lqeu vfiZr djrs gq, budh oUnuk djuh pkfg;sA ftu Nk=ksa us bu Hkkoksa dks mYysf[kr fd;k gS mUgsa iw.kZ vad fn;s x;s gSa vU;Fkk dqN vad dkVs x, gSaA (iv) ;g dfork ns'k izse ls Hkjh gqbZ gS] blesa dfo uo;qodksa ls dg jgs gSa fd mUgsa LorU= jk"V esa tUe ysus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr gqvk gS blfy, mldk uo&fuekZ.k djuk gSA dfo uo;qodksa dks lpsr djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd mUgsa ;g /;ku j[kuk gS fd gekjh vkilh QwV dHkh u iui ik;s vU;Fkk ;g LorU=rk 'kh?kz gh ijrU=rk esa cny tk;sxhA gesa vius vf/kdkjksa ds fy, yM+uk gS Hkh[k ugha ek xuh gSA ns'k dh LorU=rk dh j{kk ds fy, gesa liZ dh Hkk fr QuQukuk gSA nq'eu dks fdlh Hkh gkyr esa {kek ugha djuk gSA bUgha Hkkoksa ds fy[ks gksus ds vk/kkj ij vad fn;s x, gSaA ;fn fdlh Nk= us bu Hkkoksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS vkSj Hkk"kk ,oa okD; foU;kl Hkh =qfV jfgr gS rks ml Nk= dks iw.kZ vad fn;s x, gSaA vU;Fkk dqN vad dkV fy;s x;s gSaA Question 15 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : vkxs pys cgqfj j?kqjk;kA fj";ewd icZr fuvjk;kAA rg jg lfpo lfgr lqxzhokA vkor nsf[k vrqy cy lhaokAA vfr lHkhr dg lquq guqekukA iq#"k tqxy cy :i fu/kkukAA /kfj cVq :i ns[kq rSa tkbZA dgslq tkfu ft; l;u cq>kbZAA iB, ckfy gksfga euq eSykA HkkxkSa rqjr rtkSa ;g lSykAA fciz :i /kfj dfi rg x; A ekFk ukb iwNr vl Hk; AA dks rqEg L;key xkSj ljhjkA N=h :i fQjgq cu chjkAA dfBu Hkwfe dksey in xkehA dou gsrq fopjgq cu LokehAA 64 e`nqy euksgj lqanj xkrkA lgr nqlg cu vkri ckrkAA dh rqEg rhfu nso e g dks A uj ukjk;u dh rqEg nks AA &jke&lqxzho eS=h& dfo rqylhnkl (i) lqxzho fdl ioZr ij] fdlds lkFk rFkk D;ksa jgrk Fkk \ (ii) lqxzho D;k ns[kdj Hk;Hkh; gks x, Fks \ mUgksaus guqeku th ls D;k dgk \ (iii) ckfy dkSu Fkk \ og _";ewd ioZr ij D;ksa ugha tkrk Fkk \ mlls lqxzho D;ksa Hk;Hkhr Fkk \ (iv) lqxzho us guqeku ls D;k dgk \ guqeku us lqxzho dh vkKk dk ikyu fdl izdkj fd;k rFkk mUgksaus vkxUrqd ls D;k iz'u iwNs \ ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) bl iz'u dk izk;% lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa us lVhd rFkk v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& Li"V m kj fy[kk ysfdu dqN Nk= _";ewd d{kk esa izR;sd in dk vFkZ foLr`r :i ioZr] ckfy rFkk guqekuth dk o.kZu djus esa ls le>kus ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkuk Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA ,sls Nk=ksa dks dqN vadksa dh pkfg;s D;ksafd ;g vo/kh Hkk"kk dh fr gkfu mBkuh iM+hA gSA blfy, Nk=ksa dks le>us esa (ii) lqxzho Hk;Hkhr D;ksa Fkk \ og jke dks ns[kdj D;ksa dfBukbZ gks ldrh gSA Mj x;k Fkk \ dqN Nk=ksa us rks lVhd dkj.k ikB ls lEcfU/kr vUrdZFkk,a Hkh Li"V fy[kk ysfdu dqN Nk= lgh dkj.k fy[kus esa dqN dj nsuh pkfg;s blls Nk=ksa dks Hkzfer fn[kk;h fn,A lqxzho us guqekuth ls D;k le>us ,oa m kj fy[kus esa lgk;rk dgk \ ;g ckr izk;% lHkh cPps Li"V :i ls feyrh gSA fy[k ik,A fQj Hkh dqNsd Nk= ;g fy[kus esa Hkh vleFkZ jgsA ,sls Nk=ksa dks dqN vadksa dk uqdlku orZuh rFkk 'kCnksa ds vFkZ ij fo'ks"k /;ku fnykuk vko';d gSA mBkuk iM+kA jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr ls lEcfU/kr (iii) ckfy dkSu Fkk \ vf/kdka'k cPps tkurs Fks blfy, dFkkvksa dk okpu le;≤ ij d{kk mUgksaus iz'u ds bl Hkkx dk m kj lgh fy[kkA esa fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA bu dFkkvksa ij ysfdu lqxzho _";ewd ioZr ij D;ksa jgrk Fkk \ vk/kkfjr NksVs&NksVs iz'u Nk=ksa ls iwNs ckyh ogk D;ksa ugha vkrk Fkk \ bu rF;ksa ls tkus pkfg;sA T+;knkrj cPps vufHkK Fks blfy, iz'u ds bl Hkkx dk m kj fy[kus esa vleFkZ jgsA fQj Hkh dqN Nk=ksa dks jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr tSls Nk=ksa us lEiw.kZ m kj lVhd ,oa lgh fy[kk vkSj /kkjkokfgdksa dks nwjn'kZu ij ns[kus ds iw.kZ vad izkIr fd;sA fy, Hkh izsfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;s] (iv) bl iz'u dks izk;% lHkh cPPkksa us Hkyh izdkj ls blls mUgsa ykHk feysxk rFkk Kkuo`f) le>k rFkk Li"V :i ls lgh m kj fy[kkA dsoy gksxhA dqN Nk= ^vkxUrqd* 'kCn dks ysdj Hkzfer fn[kkbZ fn;sA orZuh lEcU kh v'kqf);k ikbZ x;haA dqN Nk= ;g Hkh ugha fy[k ik;s fd guqekuth czk .k :i esa x;s FksA 65 vad ;kstuk : u 15 (i) lqxzho _";ewd ioZr ij jgrk FkkA og ogk ij vius okuj fe=ksa rFkk guqekuth ds lkFk jgrk Fkk D;ksafd mlds cM+s HkkbZ ckyh us mls vius jkT; ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k Fkk rFkk og lqxzho dh tku dk nq'eu cu x;k FkkA ckyh 'kki ds dkj.k _";ewd ioZr ij ugha vk ldrk FkkA lqxzho ;g ckr tkurk Fkk vr% Lo;a dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, og _";ewd ioZr ij vkdkj jgus yxk FkkA vad fu/kkZj.k Hkh bUgha rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;kA (ii) vR;f/kd cy ds Lokeh nks vtufc;ksa dks _";ewd ioZr dh vksj vkrs gq, ns[kdj lqxzho vR;f/kd Hk;Hkhr gks x;s Fks blfy, mUgksaus guqekuth ls vuqjks/k fd;k fd os czk .k :i esa tkdj mu vtufc;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gkfly djsa rFkk dqN xyr yxus ij eq>s b'kkjs ls crk nsuk] eSa rqjUr ;gk ls pyk tk xkA blh rF; ij vk/kkfjr nks ckrksa ij vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gSaA (iii)ckfy lqxzho dk cM+k HkkbZ Fkk] og fdf"dU/kk dk jktk FkkA og cM+k gh cyh rFkk egkijk eh FkkA ckfy us ,d ckj ,d jk{kl dks ks/k esa bruh nwj ?kqekdj Qsadk fd og jk{kl _";ewd ioZr ij ml LFkku ij fxjk tgk erax eqfu riL;k dj jgs FksA mudh riL;k Hkax gksus ij mUgksaus ks/ko'k 'kki ns fn;k fd ;fn og nksckjk bl ioZr ij vk;k rks mlds 'kjhj ds VqdM+s&VqdM+s gks tk;saxsA blh Mj ls ckfy _";ewd ioZr ij ugha tkrk FkkA ,d ckj ,d egknSR; us ckfy dks ;q) djus ds fy, yydkjk vkSj ;q) djrs&djrs ckfy dks ,d fo'kky xqQk + ds vUnj ys x;k tc cgqr fnuksa rd ckfy xqQ+k ls ckgj ugha vk;k vkSj lqxzho us xqQk ds izos'k }kj ls jDr cgrs ns[kk rks Hkzeo'k le> cSBk fd egknSR; us ckfy dk o/k dj fn;k gSA blh fopkj ls mlus ml nSR; dks xqQ+k ds vUnj cUn djus ds fy, xqQk ds izos'k }kj ij ,d fo'kky iRFkj j[k fn;kA exj tc ckfy ml nSR; dk o/k djds ckgj vk;k fdf"ad/kk dh jktxn~nh ij lqxzho dks cSBk ns[kk rks ks/k esa vkx ccwyk gksdj lqxzho dks Hkyk cqjk dgk vkSj cgqr ekjkA ckfy us ;g le>k fd lqxzho jktk cuus ds ykyp esa gh xqQ+k ds izos'k }kj ij f'kyk[k.M j[kdj vk;k Fkk tcfd ,slk Fkk ughaa ckfy ds Mj ls lqxzho Hkkxdj _";ewd ioZr ij jgus yxk FkkA blh rF; ij vk/kkfjr fy[kh x;h rhu ckrksa ij rhu vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA (iv) lqxzho us guqeku th ls _";ewd ioZr dh vksj vk jgs nks vifjfpr ijk eh O;fDr;ksa ds fo"k; esa] czk .k :i /kkj.k djds tkdj] tkudkjh izkIr djus dk vuqjks/k fd;kA lqxzho dh fourh Lohdkj djrs gq, guqekuth czk .k :i esa jke&y{e.k ds ikl x;s rFkk muls cksys fd vki nksuksa ouoklh ugha yx jgs gks fQj ;gk futZu ou esa HkVdus dk dkj.k D;k gS \ bl rF; ij vk/kkfjr fdUgha rhu ckrksa ds Li"Vhdj.k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, rhu vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gSaA ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa us =qfVjfgr rhu ckrsa fy[kh mUgsa iw.kZ vad izkIr gq, gSa vU;Fkk dqN Nk=ksa dks dqN vadksa dh gkfu mBkuh iM+hA Question 16 Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow : fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks if<+, vkSj mlds uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds m kj fgUnh esa fyf[k, : esjk eu rks gjk gks x;k bUgsa fuj[k dj] nksuksa dk ;g :fpj :i u;uksa ls p[kdjA vkSj vf/kd ds gsrq leqRlqd gw eSa eu esa] ;s nksuksa tM+ oVfi ;gk bl fojy fotu esaA 66 HksaV jgs gSa ,d nwljs dks f[ky&f[ky dj fut&fut lhek yka?k lgksnj&ls fgy&feydjA bldh 'kk[kk fy;s dud dqlqeksa dh Mkyh] mlds dj esa e/kqj Qyksa dh HksaV fujkyhA iqydkUnksfyr i= ijLij dh Nk;k esa Nk;k Hkh vfofHkUu ijLij dh ek;k gSA &lfEefyr& (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) dfo fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr ^esjk eu rks gjk gks x;k* ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ dfo dk eu gjk D;ksa gks x;k Fkk \ dkSu HksaV jgs gSa \ dfork ds lUnHkZ esa Li"V dhft;sA ^Nk;k Hkh vfofHkUu ijLij dh ek;k gSA* iafDr dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k;sA dfo us mDr iafDr ds }kjk D;k ladsr fn;k gS \ fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds vFkZ fyf[k, : #fpj] leqRlqd] foVfi] lgksnj] iqydkUnksfyr] ijLijA ijh{kdksa dh fVIif.k;k : (i) vf/kdka'k Nk=ksa us ^eu gjk gks x;k* iafDr dk vFkZ rks Li"V fd;k ysfdu dfo dk eu gjk D;ksa gks x;k \ bl ckr dks Li"V ugha dj ik;sA cgqr gh de Nk= bl iz'u dk iw.kZ ,oa lVhd m kj ns ik;sA (ii) vf/kdka'k Nk= ;g ckr rks Li"V :i ls fy[k ik;s fd nks isM+ vkil esa HksaV dj jgs gSaA exj ;g le>kus esa vleFkZ jgs fd os nks isM+ dkSu&dkSu ls FksA bl Hkkx ds m kj esa fdlh Nk= us nksuksa vke fy[k fn;s rks fdlh us nksuksa isM+ veyrkl ds fy[k fn;sA dqN cPps dfork dk lanHkZ Hkh le>us esa vleFkZ fn[kk;h fn;sA (iii) ^Nk;k Hkh vfofHkUu ijLij dh ek;k gS* iafDr dk HkkokFkZ cgqr gh de cPps Li"V dj ik;sA dqN Nk=ksa us rks Hkko fy[kdj gh m kj dh lekfIr dj nhA cgqr gh de cPps dfork ds ek ;e ls dfo }kjk fn, x;s ladsr dks Li"V dj ik;sA vf/kdka'k cPps bl iz'u dk lEiw.kZ ,oa lVhd m kj fy[kus esa vleFkZ jgsA mUgsa vadksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA (iv) bl iz'u dk m kj vf/kdrj cPpksa us lVhd ,oa lgh fy[kus dk iz;kl rks fd;k ysfdu dgha u dgha dqN u dqN =qfV dj gh nhA fo'ks"kdj leqRlqd ,oa iqydkUnksfyr 'kCnksa ds vFkZ lgh ugha fy[k ik;sA orZuh lEcU/kh v'kqf);ksa dk ckgqY; ns[kk x;kA QyLo:i Nk=ksa dks dqN vadksa dh gkfu mBkuh iM+hA 67 v/;kidksa ds fy, lq>ko& dfork ls lEcfU/kr dfBu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ lfgr fyf[kr vH;kl furkUr vko';d gSA dfork fo'ks"k esa fufgr ewyHkko ,oa lans'k dks Li"V :i ls le>kdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd igq pkuk vfr Js;Ldj jgsxkA d{kk esa ln~Hkko] HkkbZpkjk] lfg".kqrk tSls fo"k;ksa ij [kqydj ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg;s ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh LofopkjkfHkO;fDr iz[kj gksxhA dkO; iafDr;ksa ls tqM+s iz'uksa dk vH;kl djkuk vR;ko';d gSA le;≤ ij dfork ikB izfr;ksfxrk djkus ij dkO; jpuk rFkk ikBu esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh :fp c<+rh gS QyLo:i muds vkRefo'okl esa Hkh o`f) gksrh gSA blfy, bl rjg dh xfrfof/k djk;h tkuh pkfg;sA vad ;kstuk : u 16 (i) veyrkl vkSj vke ds isM+ksa dks ns[kdj dfo dk eu gjk gks x;k FkkA dfo dk eu veyrkl vkSj vke ds isM+ksa ds ijLij lfEeyu dks ns[kdj gjk gks x;k Fkk vFkkZr~ vkuUnkfrjsd ls Hkj x;k FkkA veyrkl Qwyksa ls ynk gqvk Fkk vkSj vke dk isM+ Qyksa lsA bUgha nks Hkkoksa ds vk/kkj ij vad fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;sA (ii) verykl vkSj vke ds isM+ksa dk ijLij feyu gks jgk FkkA ;s nks isM+ okLro esa nks Hkkb;ksa ds iqutZUe dk izrhd gSaA nks lxs HkkbZ /kjrh ds ,d VqdM+s ds fy, vkil esa yM+rs&yM+rs ,d nwljs ds }kjk ekj fxjk;s x, FksA tgk mu nksuksa ds e`r 'kjhj fxjs Fks ogha ;s nks isM+ mx vk;s gSaA dfo us bl nksuksa isM+ksa ds feyu dh Hkkouk dks ljkgk gS D;ksafd ;g feyu ln~Hkkouk ,oa izse dk izrhd gSA blh Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr ds vk/kkj ij vad fn;s x;s gSaA (iii)verykl vkSj vke ds isM+ ds i ks Hkh ,d nwljs dks viuh&viuh Nk;k ns jgs gSaA Nk;k Hkh ,slh fd mldks vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,slk izrhr gks jgk gS fd tSls nksuksa isM+ksa dh Nk;k ,d gh isM+ dh Nk;k gSA bl dfork ds ek ;e ls dfo ;g le>kus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa fd yM+kbZ&>xM+s ls fdlh dks ykHk ugha feyrk gS] blds foijhr HkkbZpkjs ls leLr txr lq[kh jgrk gSA vadksa dk fu/kkZj.k Hkh blh Hkko ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;kA (iv) 'kCn vFkZ #fpj lqUnj leqRlqd cspSu@tkuus dh bPNqd foVfi isM+ iqydkUnksfyr izlUu gksuk lgksnj lxk HkkbZ ijLij vkil esa 68 69

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