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GCE JUN 2009 : (AS 2) Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Revised

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Sp ec Ne i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2009 Chemistry assessing Module 2: Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry AC121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AC121] THURSDAY 11 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all sixteen questions. Answer all ten questions in Section A. Record your answers by marking the appropriate letter on the answer sheet provided. Use only the spaces numbered 1 to 10. Keep in sequence when answering. Answer all six questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number Section A 1 10 Section B INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 15(d)(iii). In Section A all questions carry equal marks, i.e. two marks for each question. In Section B the gures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Periodic Table of Elements (including some data) is provided. 4994 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total Marks Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark For each of the following questions only one of the lettered responses (A D) is correct. Select the correct response in each case and mark its code letter by connecting the dots as illustrated on the answer sheet. 1 A free radical is a particle with A B C D 2 Which one of the following hydrocarbons contains a double bond? A B C D 3 Electrophilic addition Electrophilic substitution Nucleophilic addition Nucleophilic substitution Which one of the following equations corresponds to a standard enthalpy of formation? A B C D 4994 CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 Which one of the following describes the reaction between hydroxide ions and 1-bromopentane? A B C D 4 an unpaired electron. a negative charge. a positive charge. a lone pair of electrons. 2NO(g) N2(g) + O2(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) Na(s) + Cl(g) NaCl(s) Mg(s) + Br2(l) MgBr2(s) 2 [Turn over 5 Which one of the following reagents could detect the presence of ethanol in Gasohol which can be regarded as a mixture of alkanes, alkenes and ethanol? A B C D 6 Remark bromine hydrogen chloride sodium universal indicator How many structural isomers exist with the formula, C4H10? A B C D 7 Examiner Only Marks 1 2 3 4 A tube is filled with 50 cm3 of methane and 150 cm3 of oxygen at room temperature over a beaker containing NaOH(aq) as shown. The following reaction took place when a spark was applied to the mixture: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O When the tube is cooled to room temperature, what level will the liquid have reached? A cm 3 50 B 100 C 150 D NaOH(aq) 200 4994 3 [Turn over 8 In which one of the following pairs will neither of the hydroxides dissolve in an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide? A B C D 9 Examiner Only Marks Remark Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)2 Al(OH)3 and Zn(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 Which one of the following substances has the highest boiling point? A B C D CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 10 In the laboratory preparation of a halogenoalkane, any acidic impurities present are removed using A B C D 4994 sodium sodium sodium sodium chloride hydrogencarbonate hydroxide sulphate 4 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all six questions in this section 11 The table below shows the results of analysing four aqueous solutions. compound colour of aqueous solution addition of aqueous barium chloride other information A blue white precipitate blue-green flame test B colourless white precipitate pH = 1 C yellow yellow precipitate yellow/orange flame test D colourless white precipitate lilac flame test Name the four compounds. A _______________________________________________________________ B _______________________________________________________________ C _______________________________________________________________ D _____________________________________________________________ [4] 4994 5 [Turn over 12 Hydrogen is produced on an industrial scale by the reaction between methane and steam. The reaction is endothermic. CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) Examiner Only Marks Remark CO2(g) + 4H2(g) The reaction is carried out at 1023 K and a pressure of 40 atmospheres in the presence of a nickel catalyst. (a) Explain the use of a temperature of 1023 K. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] (b) Calculate the atom economy for the reaction assuming that the carbon dioxide is a waste product and comment on the value obtained. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [4] 4994 6 [Turn over (c) Use the following bond energies to calculate H for the reaction. Examiner Only Marks C H O H C=O H H Remark kJ mol 1 413 464 805 436 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] (d) Although the raw materials are cheap, the running costs of this reaction are significant. Suggest two reasons for this. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] (e) Another reaction which can occur is CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g) (i) Explain why this reaction is environmentally undesirable. _______________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Suggest how the occurrence of this reaction could be prevented. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced at 20 C and 1 atmosphere pressure from the reaction of 4 tonnes of methane with steam. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 4994 7 [Turn over 13 Chloromethane, CH3Cl, is the largest natural source of ozone-depleting chlorine compounds in the atmosphere. Some common tropical plants emit considerable quantities of chloromethane. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Chloromethane may be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of methanol with a mixture of sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid which generates hydrogen chloride. (i) Describe the chemical test to show that hydrogen chloride is produced. _______________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Write the equation for the reaction of methanol with hydrogen chloride. _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) The preparation of chloromethane is difficult because it is a gas at room temperature and pressure. Suggest how this would cause problems during the preparation. _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Another method of preparing chloromethane is by the reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of ultra violet light. The reaction proceeds by a free radical mechanism. (i) Write the equation for the reaction of methane with chlorine to form chloromethane. _______________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Give the electronic structure of a chlorine radical. _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is the role of the ultra violet light? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Ethane is formed as an impurity during the reaction. Explain how it is formed. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 4994 8 [Turn over (c) Complete the scheme below writing the formulae of the organic products. NH3 Examiner Only Marks Remark NaOH(aq) CH3Cl [2] 4994 9 [Turn over 14 The diagram shows the distribution curve for the energies of the molecules of a gas in a given system. Ea is the activation energy for a particular reaction. energy Examiner Only Marks Remark Ea (a) (i) Label the vertical axis on the diagram. [1] (ii) Explain why the curve starts at the origin. [1] (iii) Why does the curve not intersect the horizontal axis at higher energies? [1] (iv) What does the shaded area represent? [2] 4994 10 [Turn over (b) (i) Draw a curve on the graph representing the distribution of energies for the same molecules at a higher temperature. Examiner Only [2] Marks Remark (ii) By reference to the curve you have drawn in part (i), explain the effect of the higher temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) By reference to the distribution curve, explain the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a chemical reaction. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] 4994 11 [Turn over 15 Magnesium sulphate occurs as the mineral Epsom salts, MgSO4.7H2O. Calcium sulphate occurs as gypsum, CaSO4.2H2O. Barium sulphate contains no water of crystallisation. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Magnesium, calcium and barium are regarded as s-block elements. Explain this term. ___________________________________________________________ [1] (b) Hydration of the sulphate is related to the trend in solubility of the Group II sulphates. State this trend. ___________________________________________________________ [1] (c) When heated, the hydrated salts lose water to form the anhydrous sulphate. Further heating causes the sulphate to decompose to form the oxide and sulphur trioxide. (i) Calculate the percentage yield of CaSO4 when 34.4 g gypsum is heated to form 26.0 g of anhydrous calcium sulphate. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Write the equation for the decomposition of anhydrous calcium sulphate. _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) The thermal stability of the Group II sulphates may be explained in a similar way to that of the carbonates. Explain the relative stability of the sulphates with reference to the cations involved. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 4994 12 [Turn over (d) The enthalpy change for the hydration of magnesium sulphate may be determined using Hess s law. Examiner Only Marks Remark MgSO4(s) + 7H2O(l) MgSO4.7H2O(s) (i) State Hess s law. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Use the following data to calculate the molar enthalpy of hydration of magnesium sulphate. You may wish to construct an enthalpy cycle. When 0.10 mol of anhydrous MgSO4 was dissolved in 100 g of water, the temperature rose by 9 C. When 0.10 mol of MgSO4.7H2O was dissolved in 100 g of water, the temperature dropped 3 C. (The specific heat capacity for water is 4.2 J C 1g 1.) [4] (iii) Suggest how you would carry out this experiment in the laboratory, stating the equipment used, the measurements made and the possible sources of error. Explain how these errors can be minimised. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [5] Quality of written communication 4994 [2] 13 [Turn over 16 Propenonitrile, CH2==CHCN, can be polymerised to form a fibre known as Orlon, used for making clothes. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Propenonitrile is manufactured from propene, ammonia and oxygen in the presence of molybdenum. Water is produced together with propenonitrile. (i) Write an equation for the reaction. _______________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Suggest the role of the molybdenum. _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Suggest how you could use infra-red spectroscopy to show that no propene was present in the product from the reaction. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) Propenonitrile may be prepared in the laboratory using chloroethene and sodium cyanide. Write the equation for the reaction. ___________________________________________________________ [2] 4994 14 [Turn over (c) (i) What is the molecular formula for propenonitrile? Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What is the empirical formula for propenonitrile? _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Draw the structure of a propenonitrile molecule, showing all the bonds present. [2] (iv) Explain whether propenonitrile is able to exist in cis and trans (E Z) forms. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (d) Propenonitrile polymerises to form poly(propenonitrile) known as Orlon. (i) Draw a diagram to represent the structure of Orlon, showing two of the repeating units. [2] (ii) State the type of polymerisation taking place. _______________________________________________________ [1] 4994 15 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 938-050-1

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Additional Info : Gce Chemistry June 2009 Assessment Unit AS 2 Module 2:Further Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and Introduction to Organic Chemistry
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