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GCE JUN 2007 : AS 1 Forces and Electricity

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2007 Physics assessing Module 1: Forces and Electricity ASY11 Assessment Unit AS 1 [ASY11] THURSDAY 21 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all seven questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 4(b). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks ASY1S7 3192 Marks If you need the values of physical constants to answer any question in this paper, they may be found on the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all seven questions 1 (a) The Systeme International (SI) has a number of base quantities, each of which has a base unit. Derived quantities and units are defined in terms of these base quantities and units through a defining equation or equations. Table 1.1 lists a number of units. Decide whether each is a base unit in the SI system, or the unit of a derived quantity. Indicate your choice by placing a tick in the relevant column. If the unit is derived, write down an equation used to define it. Two entries have been completed as examples. Table 1.1 Unit kilogram Base Derived Equation F = ma newton mole degree Celsius [3] ASY1S7 3192 2 [Turn over (b) The light-year and the astronomical unit are derived units of length often used by astronomers. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) The light-year is defined as the distance travelled by light in 365 days. Calculate how many metres there are in one light-year. Give your answer to three significant figures. 1 light-year = __________________ metres [3] (ii) The astronomical unit is defined as the average distance between the Sun and the Earth, which is 1.50 1011 metres. Calculate how many astronomical units there are in one light-year. 1 light-year = __________________ astronomical units ASY1S7 3192 3 [1] [Turn over 2 A body may be in equilibrium under the action of a number of coplanar forces and torques. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) A torque is the turning effect of a force. Define the moment of a force. Illustrate your answer with a labelled sketch. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) One of the conditions for the body to be in equilibrium is that the vector sum of the torques acting on the body is zero. State this condition in terms of moments. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (b) State the other condition for the body to be in equilibrium. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] ASY1S7 3192 4 [Turn over (c) A patient with one leg in a plaster cast is required to lie with the leg supported in a horizontal position. A nurse arranges a sling, a pulley system and a suspended mass to provide the support, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The system is in equilibrium. Examiner Only Marks Remark 0.36 m G J 0.83 m Fig. 2.1 The leg in its cast, which can be treated as rigid, can be assumed to pivot around the hip joint J. The rest of the patient s body remains horizontal on the bed. The centre of gravity G of the leg and cast is at a point 0.36 m from the hip joint J. The mass of the leg and cast is 15 kg. The sling is 0.83 m from the hip joint. (i) Use the equilibrium condition you stated in (a)(ii) to calculate the suspended mass required. Mass = _________ kg [2] (ii) To satisfy the equilibrium condition in (b) another force acts on the leg at the hip joint. State the magnitude and direction of this force. Magnitude = _________ N Direction: ______________________ ASY1S7 3192 5 [2] [Turn over 3 Projectile motion is often analysed by resolving velocities. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) A small sphere rolls off the edge of a horizontal table with an initial velocity v0. It falls to the floor in a curved path, as shown in Fig. 3.1. sphere v0 table A v floor Fig. 3.1 The velocity of the sphere at the point A is represented by the vector v. This vector makes an angle with the horizontal. (i) By careful drawing on Fig. 3.1, show the construction used to resolve the velocity v into its horizontal and vertical components. Label the components vx and vy respectively. [2] (ii) In terms of v and , write down an expression for each component. vx = __________________ vy = __________________ ASY1S7 3192 [1] 6 [Turn over (iii) Air resistance to the motion of the sphere can be neglected. On the axes of Fig. 3.2, sketch graphs to show how vx and vy vary with time t from the instant the sphere leaves the table. [2] vx Examiner Only Marks Remark vy 0 0 0 t 0 t Fig. 3.2 (b) In another experiment, a second, identical sphere S2 is dropped from rest from the edge of the table at exactly the same time as the first sphere S1 rolls off the edge with velocity v0. S1 moves in the curved path shown in Fig. 3.1. S2 falls vertically. Air resistance can again be neglected. Which sphere, if either, reaches the floor first? Indicate your answer by placing a tick in the appropriate box. S1 reaches the floor first S2 reaches the floor first S1 and S2 reach the floor at the same instant Explain your answer. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] ASY1S7 3192 7 [Turn over 4 Part (b) of this question should be answered in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Define the impulse of a force. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) A variable force acts on a body. The way in which the force F varies with time t is shown in Fig. 4.1. 4 F/N 2 0 0 1 2 3 t/s Fig. 4.1 Estimate the impulse of this force. Impulse = _________ N s ASY1S7 3192 [3] 8 [Turn over (b) When jumping off a wall, you reduce the risk of injury to your legs on landing if you bend your knees on impact with the ground, rather than keeping your legs stiff. In terms of impulse and momentum, explain why this is so. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication ASY1S7 3192 [1] 9 [Turn over 5 (a) Real batteries have internal resistance. Such a battery has an e.m.f. E, and the potential difference across its terminals is V. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) There is one situation where E has exactly the same value as V. What is this situation? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) In other situations, E and V have different values. State whether E is always greater than V, is always less than V, or can be greater or less than V. Indicate your answer by placing a tick in the appropriate box. E is always greater than V E is always less than V E can be greater or less than V Explain your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] ASY1S7 3192 10 [Turn over (b) Four identical cells, each of e.m.f. 1.5 V and the same internal resistance, are connected in series with a lamp. When the current in the circuit is 0.48 A the lamp is operating at a power of 2.0 W. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Calculate the resistance of the lamp. Resistance = __________________ [2] (ii) Hence calculate the internal resistance of each cell. Internal resistance = __________________ ASY1S7 3192 11 [3] [Turn over (c) Fig. 5.1 shows a battery of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r. The battery is connected to a variable resistor. battery Examiner Only Marks Remark E R r Fig. 5.1 The resistance R of the variable resistor is gradually increased from zero. (i) On the axes of Fig. 5.2, sketch a graph to show how the current I in the circuit depends on the resistance R of the variable resistor. [2] I 0 R 0 Fig. 5.2 (ii) On the axes of Fig. 5.3, sketch a graph to show how the power P developed in the variable resistor depends on its resistance R. The value r on the horizontal axis is that of the internal resistance of the cell. [2] P 0 0 r R Fig. 5.3 ASY1S7 3192 12 [Turn over 6 (a) (i) Define the resistance of a conductor. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) On the axes of Fig. 6.1, sketch a graph to show how the resistance R of an ohmic conductor depends on the potential difference V across the conductor. [1] R 0 V 0 Fig. 6.1 ASY1S7 3192 13 [Turn over (b) A simple resistance meter consists of a milliammeter connected in series with a resistor and a battery, as shown in Fig. 6.2. To measure the resistance of an unknown resistor, it is connected between terminals X and Y. The resistance is then read from the meter scale, which has been calibrated in resistance, rather than current, units. Examiner Only Marks Remark 5.00 mA 10 390 X Y 6.00 V Fig. 6.2 The milliammeter used in such a circuit has a full-scale deflection when the current is 5.00 mA. Its internal resistance is 10 . The battery has an e.m.f. of 6.00 V and negligible internal resistance. The series resistor has a value of 390 . Fig. 6.3 is a sketch of the scale of the instrument. 3000 2000 4000 5000 1000 F Resistance/ Fig. 6.3 (i) Calculate the resistance which, when connected between X and Y, would result in the full-scale deflection of the milliammeter, seen as F on the resistance scale in Fig. 6.3. Resistance = _________ ASY1S7 3192 [3] 14 [Turn over (ii) State one disadvantage of the resistance scale of such an instrument. Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________ [1] ASY1S7 3192 15 [Turn over 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a junction point P in an electric circuit. The currents in three of the wires are shown. Examiner Only Marks Remark 5.0 A X P 3.0 A 2.0 A Fig. 7.1 (i) Deduce the magnitude and direction of the current in wire X. Magnitude of current = _________ Direction: PX XP [1] (ii) In solving (i), you used a law called Kirchhoff s first law. This law is often stated to be equivalent to the principle of conservation of charge. Yet in (a)(i) you used the law to solve a problem about currents. State the relationship between current and charge that allowed you to do this. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] ASY1S7 3192 16 [Turn over (b) Fig. 7.2 shows a circuit in which a battery is connected to a resistance network. Examiner Only Marks Remark R2 X R1 Y R3 Z Fig. 7.2 Resistors R2 and R3 are variable. The battery has a negligible internal resistance. (i) Use the words increases , decreases , stays the same to complete the following statements. (1) If only R3 increases, the potential difference between points X and Z __________________________________________________ (2) If only R2 increases, the potential difference between points X and Y __________________________________________________ (3) If only R3 increases, the current through R2 _______________________________________________ [3] (ii) Explain the steps in your answer to (b)(i)(3). _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ASY1S7 3192 17 [Turn over S 12/06 7-146-1 GCE Physics (Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced) Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 permeability of a vacuum 0 = 4 10 7 H m 1 permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1 1 = 8.99 109 F 1 m 4 0 ( ) elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10 27 kg mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1 the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1 gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2 acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J ASY11INS ASY1S7 USEFUL FORMULAE The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Thermal physics Mechanics Momentum-impulse relation mv mu = Ft for a constant force Average kinetic energy of a molecule 1 m<c2> 2 Power P = Fv Kinetic theory pV = 1 Nm <c2> 3 Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 for a constant force Simple harmonic motion Displacement x = x0 cos t or x = x0 sin t Velocity v = x 0 2 x 2 Simple pendulum T = 2 l / g Loaded helical spring T = 2 m / k Medical physics Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10(I/I0) Sound intensity difference/dB = 10 lg10(I2/I1) Resolving power sin = / D Waves Capacitors Capacitors in parallel 11 1 1 = + + C C1 C 2 C 3 C = C1 + C2 + C3 Time constant = RC Capacitors in series Electromagnetism Magnetic flux density due to current in (i)i long straight (i)i solenoid B= (ii) long straight (i)i conductor B= = ay/d Diffraction grating 0I 2 a A.c. generator E = E0 sin t = BAN sin t Stress and Strain Hooke s law F = kx Strain energy E = <F > x (= 1 Fx = 1 kx 2 2 2 if Hooke s law is obeyed) Electricity Vout = R1Vin/(R1 + R2) A = N A = A0e t t1 = 0.693/ 2 Photoelectric effect 1 mv2 = max 2 de Broglie equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/ f Radioactive decay Half life Light ASY1S7 l Alternating currents d sin = n Potential divider 0NI Particles and photons Two-slit interference Lens formula = 3 kT 2 = h /p Particle Physics Nuclear radius 1 r = r0 A3 hf hf0

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Additional Info : Gce Physics June 2007 Assessment Unit AS 1, Module 1: Forces and Electricity
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