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GCE JUN 2008 : A2 3A Particle Physics

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education 2008 Physics assessing Module 6: Particle Physics A2Y31 Assessment Unit A2 3A [A2Y31] WEDNESDAY 11 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all five questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 50. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(b). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. Question 5 contributes to the synoptic assessment requirement of the Specification. You are advised to spend about 40 minutes in answering questions 1 4, and about 20 minutes in answering question 5. 4677 For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks Marks If you need the values of physical constants to answer any questions in this paper, they may be found on the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all five questions 1 2 3 4 Three of the isotopes of carbon are 16C, 16C and 16C. (a) State one similarity and one difference between the structure of the nucleus of a carbon-12 and a carbon-14 atom. Similarity: _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Difference: _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (b) The nucleus of an isotope of nitrogen contains 7 protons and 7 neutrons. State whether the nuclear radius of this nitrogen nucleus is less than, greater than or the same as the nuclear radius of a carbon-14 atom. Explain how you arrive at your conclusion, stating any equation used. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] 4677 2 [Turn over 2 Research into nuclear fusion as an energy resource is being actively conducted in many countries throughout the world. Nuclear fusion could replace fossil fuels as an energy resource that will not cause air pollution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) State, with detail, two other advantages of nuclear fusion as an energy resource. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] (b) The Tokamak in the JET reactor isolates the plasma from the walls of the containment vessel. Explain how this is achieved. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Give another reason, in addition to plasma containment, why it is very difficult to achieve fusion on a large scale on Earth. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] 4677 3 [Turn over In part (b) of this question you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. 3 Examiner Only Marks Remark When an electron and a positron meet, two photons are produced. (a) (i) State the name of this interaction between the electron and positron. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State why this type of interaction is rare. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4677 4 [Turn over (b) Collisions such as that described in (a) are carried out in particle accelerators. Examiner Only Marks Remark Describe the principle of operation of the linear accelerator. You should use a sketch to help to explain your answer. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [6] Quality of written communication 4677 [1] 5 [Turn over 4 (a) (i) What is meant by a fundamental particle? Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) From the following list of subatomic particles, underline the particles that are not fundamental. neutron : neutrino : pi-meson : electron : tau : proton [1] (b) Leptons and hadrons are names given to two groups of sub-atomic particles. (i) State a difference between leptons and hadrons. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Hadrons are further subdivided into two classes of particle. Name the classes of particle concerned. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Particles that are not fundamental are classified in terms of their quark structure. 1. State the general difference, in terms of quark structure, between the two classes of particle you have named in (b)(ii). ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ [1] 4677 6 [Turn over 2. For two of the particles in the list in (a)(ii) that have a quark structure, give details of these structures. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ [2] 4677 7 [Turn over Extended free-response question Examiner Only Marks Remark This question contributes to the synoptic assessment requirements of the Specification. In your answer, you will be expected to bring together and apply principles and contexts from different areas of physics, and to use the skills of physics, in the particular situation described. You are advised to spend about 20 minutes in answering this question. Image Enhancement 5 Night vision devices can work by image enhancement. In this process the tiny amounts of visible light, including the lower portion of the infrared spectrum, that are present but which we may not be able to see, are collected and amplified to the point where the image can be observed. (a) In the emission spectrum for hydrogen there is also visible and infrared emission. Fig. 5.1 shows an energy level diagram for hydrogen. The downward transitions shown are responsible for the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions of the hydrogen spectrum. Energy/eV n = infinity 0 A B C n=7 n=4 n=3 n=2 0.85 1.51 3.40 n=1 13.61 Fig. 5.1 4677 8 [Turn over (i) Which series of lines, A, B or C on Fig. 5.1 corresponds to the emission of infrared radiation? Explain your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] The infrared and visible light is collected and amplified by an imageintensifier tube inside the night vision device. Light enters the night vision device through a converging lens which focuses it on the photocathode. (ii) Draw a ray diagram showing how light from an object at infinity is focused on the photocathode through the lens. Treat the photocathode as a point receiver. [3] 4677 9 [Turn over (b) (i) When the photons of light energy hit the photocathode, electrons are ejected. What is this effect called? Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) The wavelength of the infrared radiation being enhanced ranges from 0.75 m to 1.4 m. Calculate the minimum threshold frequency of the photocathode for electrons to be emitted when any of this range of infrared radiation shines on it. Minimum threshold frequency = __________________ Hz 4677 10 [2] [Turn over (c) As the electrons pass through the tube, they are accelerated by an electric field produced by a 5000 V d.c. potential difference. The night vision device is powered by a 3 V d.c. supply. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) The production of the 5000 V d.c. supply is not straightforward. There are three steps. Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: 3 V d.c. to 3 V a.c. 3 V a.c. to 5000 V a.c. 5000 V a.c. to 5000 V d.c. 1. Name the device used in step 2. ________________________ [1] 2. Why is it necessary to convert d.c. to a.c. in step 1? _______________________________________________ [1] 3. Give specific detail about how the 3 V a.c. to 5000 V a.c. increase in step 2 is achieved. __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ [1] (ii) Calculate the velocity gained by an electron when it is accelerated from rest through the potential difference of 5.0 kV. Velocity = __________________ m s 1 4677 11 [4] [Turn over (d) It is important that the electrons travel in straight lines in the imageintensifier tube so that when the electrons hit the fluorescent screen the same image is created on the screen. Examiner Only Marks Remark The cathode ray oscilloscope uses the same principle. Here, electrons also hit a fluorescent screen to create a spot of light. (i) Explain briefly how, in the cathode ray oscilloscope, this single spot of light is moved vertically up the screen to a new position. Use a diagram to explain your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The movement of the spot of light in (d)(i) is the basis of a measurement technique. State the quantity that is being measured. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State how the vertical movement of the single light spot could be changed so as to produce a continuous vertical line. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4677 12 [Turn over 530-057-1 [Turn over GCE Physics (Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced) Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 permeability of a vacuum 0 = 4 10 7 H m 1 permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1 1 = 8.99 109 F 1 m 4 0 ( ) elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10 27 kg mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1 the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1 gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2 acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J A2Y31INS 4677.02 USEFUL FORMULAE The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Thermal physics Mechanics Momentum-impulse relation mv mu = Ft for a constant force Average kinetic energy of a molecule 1 m<c2> 2 Power P = Fv Kinetic theory pV = 1 Nm <c2> 3 Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 for a constant force Simple harmonic motion Displacement x = x0 cos t or x = x0 sin t Velocity v = x 0 2 x 2 Simple pendulum T = 2 l / g Loaded helical spring T = 2 m / k Medical physics Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10(I/I0) Sound intensity difference/dB = 10 lg10(I2/I1) Resolving power sin = / D Waves Capacitors Capacitors in parallel 11 1 1 = + + C C1 C 2 C 3 C = C1 + C2 + C3 Time constant = RC Capacitors in series Electromagnetism Magnetic flux density due to current in (i)i long straight (i)i solenoid B= (ii) long straight (i)i conductor B= = ay/d Diffraction grating 0I 2 a A.c. generator E = E0 sin t = BAN sin t Stress and Strain Hooke s law F = kx Strain energy E = <F > x (= 1 Fx = 1 kx 2 2 2 if Hooke s law is obeyed) Electricity Vout = R1Vin/(R1 + R2) A = N A = A0e t t1 = 0.693/ 2 Photoelectric effect 1 mv2 = max 2 de Broglie equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/ f Radioactive decay Half life Light 4677.02 l Alternating currents d sin = n Potential divider 0NI Particles and photons Two-slit interference Lens formula = 3 kT 2 = h /p Particle Physics Nuclear radius 1 r = r0 A3 hf hf0

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Additional Info : Gce Physics June 2008 Assessment Unit A2 3A, Module 6: Particle Physics
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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