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GCE JUN 2006 : A2 3A Particle Physics

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education 2006 Physics assessing Module 6: Particle Physics A2Y31 Assessment Unit A2 3A [A2Y31] THURSDAY 15 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all five questions. Write your answers in the space provided in this question paper. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 50. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 5(d). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. Question 5 contributes to the synoptic assessment requirement of the Specification. You are advised to spend about 40 minutes in answering questions 1 4, and about 20 minutes in answering question 5. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks A2Y3AS6 2645 Marks If you need the values of physical constants to answer any questions in this paper, they may be found on the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all five questions 1 (a) (i) The volume of a particular nucleus may be taken to be about 4.6 10-43 m3. The nucleus may be treated as a sphere. Estimate the radius of the nucleus. Radius = ______________m [2] (ii) Your Formulae Sheet gives the equation r = r0 A1/3 for the nuclear radius r. Use your answer to (a)(i) to find the nucleon number A for this nucleus. Take r0 to be 1.2 fm. Nucleon number = ___________________ [3] (b) (i) Describe the structure of an atom of Krypton (92 Kr) in terms of 36 protons, neutrons and electrons. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] A2Y3AS6 2645 2 [Turn over (ii) Why is the existence of a force called the strong interaction necessary to explain the stability of a nucleus such as that of Krypton-92? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] A2Y3AS6 2645 3 [Turn over 2 (a) One example of a fusion reaction involving hydrogen is Examiner Only Marks 2H 1 Remark + 3 H 4 He + 1 n 1 2 0 Use the data below to calculate the energy released in this reaction. Give your answer in J. Show your working clearly. 2H 1 2.014102 u 3H 1 3.016030 u 4He 2 4.002604 u 1n 0 Nuclear masses: 1.008665 u Energy = __________________ J [3] (b) Temperatures as high as 8.0 108 K are needed for thermonuclear fusion to occur. At this temperature matter exists as a plasma. Estimate the kinetic energy of a particle in a plasma at a temperature of 8.0 108 K. Express your answer to two significant figures. Energy = __________________ J A2Y3AS6 2645 [2] 4 [Turn over 3 The cyclotron is a particle accelerator often used for accelerating protons. The particles are accelerated as they pass between two electrodes called dees . These electrodes, and the proton source, are sketched in Fig. 3.1. An alternating potential difference of constant frequency is applied between the dees. A uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the plane of the dees. Examiner Only Marks Remark dees proton source Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1 sketch the path of the protons after they have been emitted from the source. State whether the magnetic field is applied into or out of the plane of the paper in order to produce the path you have sketched. Indicate your answer by placing a tick in the appropriate box. The magnetic field is into the plane of the paper The magnetic field is out of the plane of the paper [2] (ii) Explain how the alternating potential difference between the dees accelerates the protons during one revolution of their path. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] A2Y3AS6 2645 5 [Turn over (iii) Show that the magnetic flux density B of the applied magnetic field is given by the expression Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 m B = _____ e where f is the frequency of the alternating potential difference, m is the proton mass and e is the elementary charge. [3] (b) When the cyclotron in (a) is used to accelerate protons the magnetic flux density required is 1.5 mT. Calculate the frequency of the applied potential difference used in the accelerator. Frequency = ____________Hz A2Y3AS6 2645 [2] 6 [Turn over 4 (a) Complete Table 4.1 by filling each blank space with a suitable example or particle type. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 4.1 Particle type Example baryon lepton pion antiparticle [2] (b) (i) State the quark structure of the proton. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Use your answer to (b)(i) to show that the charge on a proton is +1e. ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) (i) Write down two equations representing a reaction which describes beta ( ) decay in terms of quarks. Each equation should include the virtual particle emitted, known as the W boson. [2] (ii) State the force responsible for this process. ___________________________________________________ [1] A2Y3AS6 2645 7 [Turn over 5 Extended free-response question Examiner Only Marks Remark This question contributes to the synoptic assessment requirements of the Specification. In your answer, you will be expected to bring together and apply principles and contexts from different areas of physics, and to use the skills of physics, in the particular situations described. You are advised to spend about 20 minutes in answering this question. In part (d) of this question you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. Graphs in Physics You will have met graphs throughout your study of Physics. In the theoretical part of the subject they are used to show the relation between variables, to illustrate principles and to present data. In practical work you will have used graphs extensively in the analysis of your experimental results. Parts (a), (b) and (c) of this question are about graphs which are familiar from your theoretical work, and part (d) is on practical applications of graphs. (a) Fig. 5.1 shows how the speed v of a particle moving in a straight line depends on time t. v 0 0 t Fig. 5.1 (i) Describe the motion of the particle. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] A2Y3AS6 2645 8 [Turn over (ii) On Fig. 5.2, sketch a graph to show how the acceleration a of the particle depends on time t. [1] Examiner Only Marks Remark a 0 0 t Fig. 5.2 (iii) On Fig. 5.3, sketch a graph to show how the displacement s of the particle depends on time t. At time t = 0, the displacement is zero. [1] s 0 0 t Fig. 5.3 A2Y3AS6 2645 9 [Turn over (b) Fig. 5.4 shows two sine waves, A and B. These waves are superposed to give the resultant wave C. Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 2 x/cm 1 1 0 0 A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t/s 7 8 9 7 8 9 t/s 8 9 t/s 1 2 2 x/cm B 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 2 2 x/cm C 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Fig. 5.4 (i) Take measurements from the graphs at time t = 8.0 s and use them to confirm that the principle of superposition of waves has been applied correctly to give wave C. Show your reasoning. Reasoning: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] A2Y3AS6 2645 10 [Turn over (ii) Determine the amplitude and frequency of wave C. Examiner Only Marks Remark Amplitude = ___________ cm Frequency = _______________ Hz [2] (iii) The amplitude of wave C is not equal to the sum of the amplitudes of waves A and B. Explain why this does not contradict the principle of superposition. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) Fig. 5.5 shows a circuit for charging a capacitor and then discharging it through a resistor by use of a two-position switch. Fig. 5.5 Fig. 5.6 is a graph of the variation of the charge Q on the capacitor with time t during discharge. QQ 0 0 t Fig. 5.6 A2Y3AS6 2645 11 [Turn over (i) State how you could use Fig. 5.6 to obtain an accurate value of the time constant of the resistor-capacitor circuit. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) The resistor in Fig. 5.5 is replaced with one of greater resistance. The process of charge and discharge is repeated. On Fig. 5.6, sketch a graph to show the new variation of the charge Q with time t. [2] (d) Graphs are also much used in the analysis of experimental results. Starting from the fact that many physical relationships that you might investigate experimentally may be put into the standard linear form y = mx + c give four reasons why a graphical treatment of the results is such an advantage. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] Quality of written communication A2Y3AS6 2645 [1] 12 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER A2Y3AS6 2645 13 A2Y3AS6 2645 14 [Turn over A2Y3AS6 2645 15 [Turn over S 4/06 4300 302507(184) [Turn over GCE Physics (Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced) Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 permeability of a vacuum 0 = 4 10 7 H m 1 permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1 1 = 8.99 109 F 1 m 4 0 ( ) elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10 27 kg mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1 the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1 gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2 acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J A2Y31INS A2Y3AS6 2645.02 USEFUL FORMULAE The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Thermal physics Mechanics Momentum-impulse relation mv mu = Ft for a constant force Average kinetic energy of a molecule 1 m<c2> 2 Power P = Fv Kinetic theory pV = 1 Nm <c2> 3 Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 for a constant force Simple harmonic motion Displacement x = x0 cos t or x = x0 sin t Velocity v = x 0 2 x 2 Simple pendulum T = 2 l / g Loaded helical spring T = 2 m / k Medical physics Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10(I/I0) Sound intensity difference/dB = 10 lg10(I2/I1) Resolving power sin = / D Waves Capacitors Capacitors in parallel 11 1 1 = + + C C1 C 2 C 3 C = C1 + C2 + C3 Time constant = RC Capacitors in series Electromagnetism Magnetic flux density due to current in (i)i long straight (i)i solenoid B= (ii) long straight (i)i conductor B= 0NI l 0I 2 a Alternating currents A.c. generator E = E0 sin t = BAN sin t Particles and photons Two-slit interference = ay/d Diffraction grating d sin = n Lens formula Stress and Strain Hooke s law F = kx Strain energy E = <F > x (= 1 Fx = 1 kx 2 2 2 if Hooke s law is obeyed) Electricity Potential divider 2645.02 Vout = R1Vin/(R1 + R2) A = N A = A0e t t1 = 0.693/ 2 Photoelectric effect 1 mv2 = max 2 de Broglie equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/ f Radioactive decay Half life Light A2Y3AS6 = 3 kT 2 = h /p Particle Physics Nuclear radius 1 r = r0 A3 hf hf0

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Additional Info : Gce Physics June 2006 Assessment Unit A2 3A, Module 6: Particle Physics
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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