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GCE JUN 2010 : AS 2 Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised

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Sp N ec e ifi w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUbSIDIARy General Certificate of Education 2010 Physics assessing Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics AY121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [Ay121] FRIDAy 18 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 75. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 7. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 110061 10 Total Marks 5516 1 (a) (i) A beam of light is polarised. Explain the meaning of the term polarised. Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] (ii) Describe how you would confirm that a beam of light is polarised. [2] (iii) Sound waves are longitudinal. Explain why these waves cannot be polarised. [1] (b) A loudspeaker at an open air music festival vibrates at 512 Hz. The sound emitted by the loudspeaker takes 0.510 s to reach a person who is standing 170 m from the loudspeaker. Calculate the wavelength of the sound emitted from the loudspeaker. Wavelength = m 5516 [4] 2 [Turn over 2 (a) In an experiment to measure the refractive index of glass, a series of results for a range of angles of incidence and their corresponding angles of refraction has been obtained. Describe how these results may be processed to obtain an accurate value for the refractive index of glass. Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] (b) A ray of light travels from inside a block of transparent material to air. The refractive index of the material of the block is 1.38. The ray emerges from the block into the air at an angle of 43.0 to the normal. Calculate the minimum increase in the angle of the ray inside the block, to cause this ray to undergo total internal reflection. Increase = 5516 [5] 3 [Turn over 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a converging lens and its focal points on the principal axis of the lens. The larger squares on the grid are one cm squares. Principal Axis F Examiner Only Marks Remark F Fig. 3.1 (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw an upright arrow ( ) to represent an object at a suitable position on the principal axis of the lens so that a magnified real image of the object may be formed. Draw an accurate ray diagram to show how the image of the object you inserted is formed. Label this image IG. [3] (ii) Make accurate measurements from your ray diagram to verify the formula for magnification m = v /u. INDICATE CLEARLY the measurements you take. Write down their values and show how they are used in your verification of the formula. [5] 5516 4 [Turn over 4 (a) (i) Draw a well labelled sketch in the space below, of the apparatus used to conduct a Young s slits experiment to demonstrate interference. Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (ii) In the box provided below, sketch carefully a diagram of the interference pattern obtained in the experiment. [2] (b) (i) In a Young s slits interference experiment light of wavelength 550 nm is used. The separation of the slits is 0.910 mm and the central bright fringe of the pattern obtained is 1.80 m from the slits. At what distance from the central bright fringe of the pattern would the next bright fringe appear? Distance = m 5516 [2] 5 [Turn over (ii) Suggest the colour of illuminating light required to make the distance calculated in (b)(i) a maximum. Examiner Only Marks Remark Colour [1] (iii) State the general experimental requirement to obtain the best observation of the interference pattern produced. [1] 5516 6 [Turn over 5 (a) When certain waves pass through an aperture, diffraction occurs. This means the waves Examiner Only Marks Remark are distorted are slowed down have their wavelength reduced are spread out have their frequency increased Tick ( ) above the appropriate box or boxes which apply. [1] (b) A parallel beam of light of width about one metre passes normally through an open doorway which is just less than one metre wide. Explain whether or not noticeable diffraction is observed. [2] (c) Fig. 5.1 shows scaled diagrams of parallel wavefronts of different wavelengths incident on apertures of the same size. Carefully complete the diagrams to show four wavefronts after they emerge from the apertures. (i) (ii) Fig. 5.1 [4] 5516 7 [Turn over 6 (a) (i) The frequency of a pure note emitted from a vibrating tuning fork, may be determined using a cathode ray oscilloscope and another item of apparatus. State the other item of apparatus needed for this method of frequency determination. Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] (ii) Fig. 6.1 shows the trace displayed on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope due to the sound of a pure note. The larger squares on the grid are one cm squares. Fig. 6.1 The time base setting of the cathode ray oscilloscope is 2.00 ms cm 1. Calculate the frequency of the pure note. Frequency = Hz 5516 [4] 8 [Turn over (b) Fig. 6.2 shows a simplified graph of the intensity response of the average human ear over a range of frequencies. Examiner Only Marks Remark sound intensity 120 level/dB 1 10 100 1000 10000 frequency/Hz Fig. 6.2 (i) State the approximate frequency at which the ear has the highest sensitivity. Frequency = Hz [1] (ii) State the minimum intensity level detectable by the ear at its highest sensitivity. Intensity level = dB [1] (iii) On Fig. 6.2 shade the region of the graph which represents the sound which is not detected by the human ear. [1] 5516 9 [Turn over In part (b) of this question you should answer in continuous prose. you will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. 7 Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) The following sentence is a brief but incomplete description of a medical flexible endoscope. It is a medical instrument which passes light through to illuminate internal organs of the body and transfer of these to a medical observer. Certain specific words have been omitted in the description. In the spaces provided insert suitable words to complete the description. State one additional function frequently included in another channel of an endoscope. [3] (b) Coherent and non-coherent are terms used when describing the structure of an endoscope. Describe the meaning of these terms and their relevance as they are applied in the context of a medical endoscope. [4] Quality of written communication [2] 5516 10 [Turn over 8 (a) Photons of light are incident on the surface of a photo-emissive metal. State two conditions for photoelectrons to be emitted from the metal surface. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. [1] 2. [1] (b) The work function of a certain metal is 3.84 10-19 J. It is illuminated with blue light of wavelength 450 nm. Calculate the energy of a blue light photon, then state and explain if photoelectric emission will occur from this metal with this illumination. [3] 5516 11 [Turn over 9 (a) The emission spectra of atoms provides evidence that electrons exist in discrete energy levels in atoms. Explain briefly what is meant by this statement. Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] (b) Fig. 9.1 shows some of the energy levels in the hydrogen atom. 0.85 eV 1.51 eV 3.39 eV 13.6 eV Fig. 9.1 Calculate the lowest frequency of radiation emitted when an electron makes an appropriate transition between two of the levels shown. Frequency = Hz 5516 [5] 12 [Turn over 10 (a) (i) State the meaning of a de Broglie wavelength. Examiner Only Marks [1] (ii) An electron is accelerated from a low to a high velocity with no change in its mass. On Fig. 10.1 sketch a graph to show how the de Broglie wavelength of the electron varies with its velocity v. 0 v Fig. 10.1 [2] (b) The de Broglie wavelength of a proton in a particle accelerator is 1.13 10 13 m. Calculate the velocity of the proton. Velocity = m s 1 5516 [3] 13 Remark THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 110061 GCE (Advanced Subsidiary) Physics Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J Useful formulae The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Mechanics Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 Hooke s Law F = kx (spring constant k) Sound intensity level/dB I = 10 lg10 I0 Two-source interference = for a constant force Sound Waves ay d Light Lens formula Magnification 11 1 + = uv f v m= u Electricity Terminal potential difference Potential divider V = E Ir (E.m.f. E; Internal Resistance r) RV Vout = 1 in R1 +R2 Particles and photons de Broglie equation 5516.03 110062 = h p

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Additional Info : Gce Physics June 2010 Assessment Unit AS 2, Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised
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