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GCE JAN 2009 : AS 2 Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised

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Sp ec Ne ifi w ca tio n 1 2 Centre Number 3 71 4 Candidate Number 5 6 ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY General Certificate of Education January 2009 7 8 9 Physics 11 Assessment Unit AS 2 12 assessing 13 Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics 14 [AY121] 15 AY121 10 WEDNESDAY 28 JANUARY, MORNING 16 17 18 19 20 21 TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces 22 provided at the top of this page. 23 Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 75. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 5. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 31 6 32 7 33 34 35 Total Marks 4877 1 (a) (i) Waves may be categorised as either longitudinal or transverse. Complete Table 1.1 below to indicate the category of the waves listed and a typical wavelength of each wave. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 1.1 Wave Wave Category Typical wavelength/m Radio waves Visible light waves [2] (ii) Sound waves have a speed in air of 340 m s 1. The audio range of frequencies for the hearing of an elderly person may be taken as from 40 Hz to 12 kHz. 1. State the category of waves represented by sound waves. Category = _________________ [1] 2. Calculate the maximum wavelength of the sound wave in this audio range. Maximum wavelength = __________ m [2] (iii) A tuning fork emits a continuous sound wave in air. On Fig. 1.1 below, sketch a graph to show the displacement d of a particle of air against the distance x from the tuning fork for at least two cycles of the pure sound emitted. Label the axes of your graph and mark accurately the amplitude a, and the wavelength of the wave. [3] Fig. 1.1 4877 2 [Turn over (b) A wave of frequency 50.0 Hz travels along a stretched string at 40.0 m s 1. Calculate the phase difference between two points on the string which are 0.30 m apart. Phase difference = __________ 4877 Examiner Only Marks Remark [4] 3 [Turn over 2 (a) (i) A ray of light is incident on one side of a rectangular glass block as shown in Fig. 2.1. On Fig. 2.1, sketch the path of the ray of light through the glass block and show how it emerges from the opposite side. Label clearly the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r, where the ray enters the glass block. Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] Fig. 2.1 (ii) Assume that an experiment has been carried out to provide a range of values of angles of incidence and the corresponding angles of refraction. Explain how these results may be used to determine the refractive index of the glass by a graphical method. [3] 4877 4 [Turn over (b) A ray of light enters a medium of refractive index 1.39 at an angle as shown in Fig. 2.2. The ray is refracted inside the medium and travels to the upper surface where it is incident at the critical angle C of the medium. Examiner Only Marks Remark C Fig. 2.2 (i) Describe what happens to the ray at the upper surface. What would occur if another ray met the upper surface at an angle greater than the critical angle? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Calculate the critical angle of the medium. Critical angle = __________ [2] (iii) Calculate the magnitude of the incident angle . Angle = __________ 4877 [3] 5 [Turn over 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows an object OA placed on the principal axis of a lens. An upright, diminished, virtual image of this object is produced by the lens. On Fig. 3.1, draw a suitable lens to produce this image. On the diagram, label the type of lens drawn and mark clearly the focal points of the lens. Draw two rays from the point A of the object to locate the image and label it IB. Indicate the position of the eye to view the image. Examiner Only Marks Remark A principal axis O [4] Fig. 3.1 (b) (i) Complete Fig. 3.2 to illustrate how rays from an object at infinity would be refracted by the eye of a person with the vision defect called myopia. Eye [1] Fig. 3.2 (ii) Complete Fig. 3.3 below to illustrate how this defect may be corrected using an appropriate lens. Eye [2] Fig. 3.3 4877 6 [Turn over (iii) A person suffering from long sight can only see objects clearly at distances 35.0 cm to infinity from his eyes. State the type of lens and calculate its focal length to correct his least distance of distinct vision to 25.0 cm. Type of lens = _________________ Remark [1] Focal length = __________ cm Examiner Only Marks [2] (iv) Find the power of this correcting lens. Power = __________ D 4877 [2] 7 [Turn over 4 (a) (i) The upper graph in Fig. 4.1 shows a progressive wave S1. On the lower set of axes, sketch a graph for a second wave S2 which, when superposed with S1, gives complete destructive interference at the meeting point. Examiner Only Marks Remark S1 d t 0 S2 d t 0 [2] Fig. 4.1 (ii) Complete constructive interference between two waves is another case of the application of the principle of superposition. State the condition for complete constructive interference. [1] 4877 8 [Turn over (b) (i) In a Young s slits interference experiment, y is the separation between two consecutive bright or dark fringes in the interference pattern obtained. On Fig. 4.2, sketch graphs to show the relationship between y and Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. the wavelength of the light used, 2. the separation a of the slits. In each instance, all quantities remain constant except the variables under consideration. y 0 y 0 a [4] Fig. 4.2 (ii) A Young s slits experiment is carried out using light of wavelength 589 nm. An interference pattern is obtained on a screen which is 1.30 m from the slits. The spacing between the centre of a dark fringe of the pattern and the centre of the adjacent bright fringe on the screen is 0.021 mm. Calculate the separation of the slits. Slit separation = __________ mm 4877 [3] 9 [Turn over 5 In parts (a) and (b)(ii) of this question you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Describe the structure of the components of a flexible endoscope. The physical principles of optical fibres should not be described. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [4] 4877 10 [Turn over (b) (i) An ultrasonic A-scan uses a single pulse. State the typical time duration of such a pulse and state a typical frequency range used for the signal. Examiner Only Marks Time duration _________________ s [1] Frequency range __________ MHz to __________ MHz Remark [1] (ii) Describe an ultrasonic A-scan and indicate the information it yields. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State the main difference between the information obtained from an ultrasonic B-scan compared to that of an A-scan. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] Quality of written communication 4877 [2] 11 [Turn over 6 (a) (i) On Fig. 6.1 sketch a graph to show the relationship between the energy E of a photon and its frequency f. Examiner Only Marks Remark E 0 f [1] Fig. 6.1 (ii) Is it correct to state the speed of a photon never varies, it is always constant? Explain your answer. [1] (b) Explain qualitatively the meaning of the term work function of a metal surface. [2] (c) An electron in an atom undergoes a transition from an energy level of 0.53 eV to a level of 3.39 eV. Calculate the frequency of this electromagnetic radiation. Frequency = Hz 4877 [4] 12 [Turn over 7 (a) Light is said to have a wave particle duality. Name two experiments, one which illustrates light behaviour as a wave and the other as a particle. In each case state briefly the experimental evidence which supports the relevant classification of behaviour. Examiner Only Marks Remark Wave _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Particle _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [4] (b) An electron in the ground state in a hydrogen atom may be considered to move in a circular orbit of diameter 1.08 10 10 m. The wavelength associated with this electron is equal to the circumference of the orbit. Calculate the speed of the electron to satisfy this condition. Speed = __________ m s 1 [4] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4877 13 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 935-074-1 GCE Physics Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J Useful formulae The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Mechanics Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 Hooke s Law F = kx (spring constant k) Sound intensity level/dB I = 10 lg10 I0 Two-source interference = for a constant force Sound Waves ay d Light Lens formula Magnification 111 += uvf v m= u Electricity Terminal potential difference Potential divider V = Ir (E.m.f. ; Internal Resistance r) R1Vin Vout = R1 + R2 Particles and photons de Broglie equation = h p AY121 4877.02

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Additional Info : Gce Physics January 2009 Assessment Unit AS 2, Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised
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