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GCE JAN 2007 : AS 2 Waves and Photons

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2007 Physics assessing Module 2: Waves and Photons ASY21 Assessment Unit AS 2 [ASY21] WEDNESDAY 17 JANUARY, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all seven questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 6(a)(iii) and 6(b). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks ASY2W7 2937 Marks 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP BLANK PAGE ASY2W7 2937 2 [Turn over If you need the values of physical constants to answer any questions in this paper, they may be found on the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all seven questions. 1 (a) (i) Table 1.1 gives the names of some regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, or a typical wavelength within a region. The regions are not in order of wavelength or frequency. Complete the table by adding an appropriate name or a corresponding typical wavelength in the blank spaces. Table 1.1 Name Radio Gamma radiation Typical wavelength /m Infrared 5 10 7 [3] (ii) Calculate the wavelength of an X-ray with a frequency of 1.5 1016 Hz. Wavelength = ___________ m [1] (b) Visible light waves may be plane polarised. (i) Describe the meaning of the term plane polarised. ______________________________________________________ 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State one conclusion regarding the property of the waves which may be made from this statement. ______________________________________________________ 1 24/8/06EA ___________________________________________________ [1] ASY2W7 2937 3 [Turn over 2 (a) (i) State in words Snell s law of refraction. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) A ray of light is incident on a certain glass block of width 105.0 mm, as indicated in Fig. 2.1. 105.0 mm incident ray Fig. 2.1 On Fig. 2.1 sketch the path of the incident ray as it is refracted through the glass block. Label the angles of incidence and refraction on entry and show how the ray emerges from the block. [2] 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP (iii) The angle of refraction of the ray when it enters the glass block is 32.0 and this ray takes 6.81 10 1 0 s to travel through the glass block. 1 24/8/06EA Calculate the speed of light in the glass block. Speed of light in block = _____________ m s 1 ASY2W7 2937 4 [2] [Turn over (iv) Calculate the refractive index of the glass of the block. Examiner Only Marks Refractive index = ___________ Remark [1] (b) (i) State what is meant by the term critical angle. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Calculate the critical angle for diamond of refractive index 2.1. [1] 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Critical angle = ___________ ASY2W7 2937 5 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) Sketch a diagram to show the location of the optical centre C of a diverging lens. Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] (ii) Fig. 3.1 shows an object OA on the principal axis of a lens. This lens produces an image of this object which is virtual, upright and diminished. State the type of lens which must be used. Type of lens = _________________ [1] Draw the lens on Fig. 3.1 and label its principal foci on the principal axis. On Fig. 3.1 complete the ray diagram to show how this image is formed and label it IM. Show a suitable position of the eye to view the image. A O 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP [4] 1 24/8/06EA Fig. 3.1 ASY2W7 2937 6 [Turn over (b) An illuminated object is placed a fixed distance from a white wall in a room. A converging lens is used to form a real image of the illuminated object on the wall. The lens is to be moved so that the image of the object is to be the maximum size possible. Examiner Only Marks Remark Describe where the lens would be placed relative to the object to obtain this outcome. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] (c) In a camera the film acts as a screen to receive real images of distant objects formed by the converging lens of the camera. An electromechanical system in an auto-focus camera moves the lens towards or away from the film inside the camera so as to produce a sharp image of any required distant object. The focal length of this lens is 55.0mm. A sharp image is formed by such a camera when the object to be photographed is 1.50 m distant from the lens. The object moves to a new position 9.50 m from the lens. 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Calculate the distance the auto-focus system must move the lens from the first position of the object to the second position to produce a sharp image in both cases. [4] 1 24/8/06EA Distance moved = ___________mm ASY2W7 2937 7 [Turn over 4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a sinusoidal wave disturbance W1 and blank axes for two other waves W2 and W3. The wave W1 arrives at a certain point simultaneously with a second wave disturbance W2 so that complete constructive interference occurs at the point. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) On Fig. 4.1 draw the waveform of W2. (ii) Wave W1 now arrives at another point simultaneously with wave W3 so that complete destructive interference occurs at this new point. On Fig. 4.1 draw the waveform of W3. W1 t W2 t [1] W3 t [1] 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Fig. 4.1 (iii) State the phase difference between W1 and W3. [1] 1 24/8/06EA Phase difference = ___________ ASY2W7 2937 8 [Turn over (b) Fig. 4.2 shows two waves S1 and S2. Examiner Only Marks S1 t S2 t S3 Remark t Fig. 4.2 (i) On the blank axes of Fig. 4.2 sketch the resultant wave S3 when superposition of the waves S1 and S2 occurs. [1] (ii) The frequency of S1 is 100 Hz and the frequency of S2 is 5 Hz. Find the period of the superposed wave S3. [2] (c) In a Young s slits experiment the separation of the slits is 0.600 mm. The slits are 2.45 m from a screen on which an interference pattern is formed. The spacing between a maximum and a neighbouring minimum in the interference pattern is 1.30 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the monochromatic light used to obtain the interference pattern. 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Period of superposed wave = ___________ s Wavelength = _____________ m ASY2W7 2937 [2] 9 [Turn over 5 (a) (i) Describe what is meant by the diffraction of waves. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) A narrow beam of white light is incident normally on a diffraction grating. On Fig. 5.1 complete the diagram to show how red and blue rays emerge from the grating for the first order of diffraction. Label clearly the emergent rays. Use the letters R for red rays and B for blue rays. diffraction grating white light [2] Fig. 5.1 (iii) A narrow beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 5.96 10 7 m is incident normally on a diffraction grating. The angle between the second order diffraction rays emerging from the opposite side of the grating is 145 . 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Calculate the number of lines per mm on the diffraction grating. [4] 1 24/8/06EA Number of lines per mm = ___________ ASY2W7 2937 10 [Turn over (b) (i) A similar experiment to that in (a)(iii) may be carried out using a fine beam of high energy electrons instead of a monochromatic light beam. Examiner Only Marks Remark State the item used in the electron beam experiment which fulfils the role of the diffraction grating used in the light experiment. ___________________________________________________ [1] Illustrate with a sketch the type of pattern obtained in the electron diffraction experiment. [1] (ii) There is a major, necessary, difference in the experimental arrangements which must be made to successfully conduct an electron diffraction experiment, in comparison to a light diffraction experiment. State what this difference is. ______________________________________________________ 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP ___________________________________________________ [1] ASY2W7 2937 11 [Turn over 6 In parts (a)(iii) and (b) of this question you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) A simplified diagram of part of the spectrum of atomic hydrogen is shown in Fig. 6.1. Violet Indigo Blue Red 410.2 434.2 nm nm 486.3 nm 656.5 nm Fig. 6.1 State exactly the type of spectrum shown in Fig. 6.1, explain briefly how it arises, and state the conclusion that may be made from it concerning energy levels. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Calculate the difference between the energy levels in hydrogen which gives rise to the blue line of wavelength 486.3 nm. 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Give your answer in eV. [3] 1 24/8/06EA Energy difference = ___________ eV ASY2W7 2937 12 [Turn over (iii) The spectrum shown in Fig. 6.1 may be said to be the fingerprint of hydrogen. Examiner Only Marks Remark Explain what you understand this statement to mean. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) Write a brief and simple explanation of the phenomenon of fluorescence. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] [1] 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Quality of written communication ASY2W7 2937 13 [Turn over 7 (i) State the meaning of a de Broglie wavelength. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] (ii) An electron accelerated from rest through a certain potential difference has a de Broglie wavelength of 1.20 10 10 m when it reaches its final speed. Calculate the potential difference. 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP Potential difference = ___________V [4] 1 24/8/06EA THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ASY2W7 2937 14 [Turn over S 8/06 1900 61-005-1 1 24/8/06EA 2 19-09-06RR 3 31-10-06BP GCE Physics (Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced) Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 permeability of a vacuum 0 = 4 10 7 H m 1 permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1 1 = 8.99 109 F 1 m 4 0 ( ) elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10 27 kg mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1 the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1 gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2 acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J ASY21INS ASY2W7 2937 USEFUL FORMULAE The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Thermal physics Mechanics Momentum-impulse relation mv mu = Ft for a constant force Average kinetic energy of a molecule 1 m<c2> 2 Power P = Fv Kinetic theory pV = 1 Nm <c2> 3 Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 for a constant force Simple harmonic motion Displacement x = x0 cos t or x = x0 sin t Velocity v = x 0 2 x 2 Simple pendulum T = 2 l / g Loaded helical spring T = 2 m / k Medical physics Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10(I/I0) Sound intensity difference/dB = 10 lg10(I2/I1) Resolving power sin = / D Waves Capacitors Capacitors in parallel 11 1 1 = + + C C1 C 2 C 3 C = C1 + C2 + C3 Time constant = RC Capacitors in series Electromagnetism Magnetic flux density due to current in (i)i long straight (i)i solenoid B= (ii) long straight (i)i conductor B= 0NI l 0I 2 a Alternating currents A.c. generator E = E0 sin t = BAN sin t Particles and photons Two-slit interference = ay/d Diffraction grating d sin = n Lens formula Stress and Strain Hooke s law F = kx Strain energy E = <F > x (= 1 Fx = 1 kx 2 2 2 if Hooke s law is obeyed) Electricity Potential divider r 2937 Vout = R1Vin/(R1 + R2) A = N A = A0e t t1 = 0.693/ 2 Photoelectric effect 1 mv2 = max 2 de Broglie equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/ f Radioactive decay Half life Light ASY2W7 = 3 kT 2 = h /p Particle Physics Nuclear radius 1 r = r0 A3 hf hf0

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Additional Info : Gce Physics January 2007 Assessment Unit AS 2, Module 2: Waves and Photons
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