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GCE JAN 2010 : A2 3A Particle Physics

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education January 2010 Physics assessing Module 6: Particle Physics A2Y31 Assessment Unit A2 3A [A2Y31] WEDNESDAY 3 FEBRUARY, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all five questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 50. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 5(b). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. Question 5 contributes to the synoptic assessment requirement of the Specification. You are advised to spend about 40 minutes in answering questions 1 4, and about 20 minutes in answering question 5. 5423 For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks Marks If you need the values of physical constants to answer any questions in this paper, they may be found on the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all five questions 1 The radius r of a nucleus is given by Equation 1.1. 1 r = r0 A3 Equation 1.1 (a) (i) What do the symbols r0 and A represent in Equation 1.1? r0 = ________________________________________________ [1] A = ________________________________________________ [1] (ii) When using Equation 1.1, what shape is the nucleus assumed to have? ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) (i) State the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the lead isotope 206 Pb. 82 Number of protons ___________ Number of neutrons ___________ [2] (ii) The value of r0 in Equation 1.1 is 1.20 fm. Find the radius of a 206 Pb nucleus. 82 Radius = ___________ m 5423 [2] 2 [Turn over 2 (a) Equation 2.1 represents a nuclear fusion reaction. Examiner Only Marks 3H 1 + 2 H 4 He + 1 n 1 2 0 Remark Equation 2.1 Use the information below to calculate the energy released in this reaction. Give your answer in MeV. Nuclear masses: Neutron mass: 4 He 2 3H 1 2H 1 1n 0 4.00150 u 3.01550 u 2.01355 u 1.00867 u Energy = ______________ MeV [4] (b) (i) Explain why it is difficult to achieve fusion reactions. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State two advantages that fusion reactors would have over current fission reactors, if they could be made to work successfully. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 5423 3 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a synchrotron. Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (ii) Describe the principle of operation of the synchrotron. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] 5423 4 [Turn over (b) The annihilation of an electron and a positron may produce a pair of identical photons. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Use Einstein s mass energy relation to calculate the frequency of each photon. Frequency = ___________ Hz [2] (ii) Explain why, if the Law of Conservation of Momentum is to be obeyed, a pair of photons must be produced. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 5423 5 [Turn over 4 Hadrons can be classified as either baryons or mesons. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) State the baryon number of each of the following: Particle Baryon Number Baryon Antiparticle of a baryon Meson Antiparticle of a meson [2] (ii) There are six different types of quark. Name these. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. [2] (b) In terms of quark structure, describe the difference between baryons and mesons. [2] 5423 6 [Turn over 5 Television Tubes Examiner Only Marks Remark In cathode ray tubes, such as those used in colour television sets, electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of as much as 25 kV. The electrons strike a fluorescent screen. When the electrons strike the screen, some of their energy may be converted to X-rays. Because of the nature of the screen material, the spectrum of the emitted X-rays is continuous only. The X-rays are absorbed by the glass of the screen. (a) Describe the physical processes occurring for X-rays to be produced in a television tube. In your account, refer to the energy changes which take place, starting with the electrons in the metal cathode and finishing with the production of the X-rays. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [5] (b) With the aid of an electron energy-level diagram, explain how the electrons striking the fluorescent screen generate a visible emission. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [6] Quality of written communication 5423 [1] 7 [Turn over (c) (i) Calculate the gain in kinetic energy of an electron that is accelerated through a potential difference of 25 kV. Energy gain = _____________ J Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] (ii) Explain why the X-rays produced in the tube have a certain minimum wavelength. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Calculate the minimum wavelength of X-rays produced in the tube. Wavelength = _____________ m [3] (d) On the axes of Fig. 5.1, sketch the graph of intensity against wavelength for the emitted X-rays. Intensity Wavelength [2] Fig. 5.1 5423 8 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 1312-027-1 GCE Physics (Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced) Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 permeability of a vacuum 0 = 4 10 7 H m 1 permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1 1 = 8.99 109 F 1 m 4 0 ( ) elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10 27 kg mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1 the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1 gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2 acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J A2Y31INS 5423.02 USEFUL FORMULAE The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Thermal physics Mechanics Momentum-impulse relation mv mu = Ft for a constant force Average kinetic energy of a molecule 1 m<c2> 2 Power P = Fv Kinetic theory pV = 1 Nm <c2> 3 Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 for a constant force Simple harmonic motion Displacement x = x0 cos t or x = x0 sin t Velocity v = x 0 2 x 2 Simple pendulum T = 2 l / g Loaded helical spring T = 2 m / k Medical physics Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10(I/I0) Sound intensity difference/dB = 10 lg10(I2/I1) Resolving power sin = / D Waves Capacitors Capacitors in parallel 11 1 1 = + + C C1 C 2 C 3 C = C1 + C2 + C3 Time constant = RC Capacitors in series Electromagnetism Magnetic flux density due to current in (i)i long straight (i)i solenoid B= (ii) long straight (i)i conductor B= = ay/d Diffraction grating 0I 2 a A.c. generator E = E0 sin t = BAN sin t Stress and Strain Hooke s law F = kx Strain energy E = <F > x (= 1 Fx = 1 kx 2 2 2 if Hooke s law is obeyed) Electricity Vout = R1Vin/(R1 + R2) A = N A = A0e t t1 = 0.693/ 2 Photoelectric effect 1 mv2 = max 2 de Broglie equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/ f Radioactive decay Half life Light 5423.02 l Alternating currents d sin = n Potential divider 0NI Particles and photons Two-slit interference Lens formula = 3 kT 2 = h /p Particle Physics Nuclear radius 1 r = r0 A3 hf hf0

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Additional Info : Gce Physics January 2010 Assessment Unit A2 3A, Module 6: Particle Physics
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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