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GCE JAN 2009 : AS 1Forces, Energy and Electricity - Revised

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Sp ec Ne i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2009 Physics Module 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity AY111 Assessment Unit AS 1 [AY111] TUESDAY 27 JANUARY, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 75. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 4. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Marks 4876 If you need the values of physical constants to answer any questions in this paper, they may be found in the Data and Formulae Sheet. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all eight questions. 1 (a) The list below gives a number of physical quantities and units. For those which are base quantities or base units, place a tick ( ) in the appropriate box. Coulomb Force Length Mole Newton Temperature [2] (b) What are the base units of kinetic energy? ____________________________________________________________ [1] (c) (i) Explain the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [2] (ii) A student states that kinetic energy is a vector quantity, because it involves velocity, and velocity is certainly a vector. However, another student says that kinetic energy is a scalar. The second student is correct. Explain why. ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [1] 4876 2 [Turn over (d) Fig. 1.1 shows two vectors P and Q. Examiner Only Marks Remark P Q Fig. 1.1 In the space below, sketch the constructions necessary to obtain the vectors A and B, where A = P + Q and B = P Q. (Drawings to scale are not required.) A=P+Q B=P Q [3] 4876 3 [Turn over 2 (a) (i) Fig. 2.1 shows the velocity time graph for a car travelling in a straight line along a level road. Examiner Only Marks Remark velocity 0 0 t2 t1 t3 time Fig. 2.1 Using the terms uniform, non-uniform, zero, with the words acceleration and/or deceleration, as appropriate, describe the acceleration or deceleration of the car in the time intervals indicated below. 1. 01 t1 _____________________________ 2. t1 t2 _____________________________ 3. t2 t3 _____________________________ [3] (ii) The car has a mass of 1800 kg. At time t2 the speed of the car is 16.7 m s 1. The driver applies a constant braking force of 1200 N at this instant. Calculate the time interval between the application of the brakes and the car coming to rest. Time interval = ____________ s 4876 [4] 4 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 4876 5 [Turn over (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a player in a darts competition. Examiner Only Marks Remark bull s eye board 1.75 m 2.37 m white line Fig. 2.2 (not to scale) The player stands at a white line on the floor, 2.37 m from the board. The bull s eye on the board is 1.75 m above the floor. Fig. 2.3 shows the bottom segment of the board. Depending on the region of this segment into which the dart sticks, it scores 3 points or multiples of 3 points. bull s eye y score triple 3 (= 9) A score double 3 (= 6) 3 Fig. 2.3 (not to scale) 4876 6 [Turn over Standing at the white line directly in front of the board, the player throws a dart horizontally, from a point 1.75 m above the floor (at the same level as the bull s eye), with a speed of 14.0 m s 1. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Calculate the time taken for the dart to travel between the player s hand and the dart board. Ignore air resistance. Time = __________________ s [2] (ii) The dart sticks into the board at the point marked A on Fig. 2.3. Calculate the vertical distance y of the point A below the centre of the bull s eye. Vertical distance y = _____________ m [3] (iii) The player now needs a double-3 (see Fig. 2.3) to win the game. Without further calculation, indicate by placing a tick ( ) in the appropriate box how the projection speed should be adjusted to achieve this result. The dart is to be thrown horizontally towards the bull s eye, as before. Explain your answer. The speed of the dart should be increased The speed of the dart should be decreased Explanation: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [3] 4876 7 [Turn over (c) The player changes the type of dart used to one which has a greater mass, and throws it in the same direction, and with the same speed, as the dart which hit point A. Describe how the position at which the dart strikes the board will change, if at all, as a consequence of the change of mass of the dart. Explain your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark The dart strikes the board above point A The dart strikes the board at point A The dart strikes the board below point A Explanation: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [2] 4876 8 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 4876 9 [Turn over 3 A man pushes a wheelbarrow on level ground at a constant speed of 1.5 m s 1, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The wheelbarrow contains soil. The combined mass of wheelbarrow and soil is 22 kg. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1.5 m s 1 level ground Fig. 3.1 (a) The total frictional force acting is 12 N. State the force exerted by the man on the wheelbarrow. Explain your answer. Force = _____________ N Explanation: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [2] (b) The man now approaches a slope inclined at 5.0 to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 3.2. 5.0 slope level ground Fig. 3.2 4876 10 [Turn over (i) The man pushes the wheelbarrow up the slope, maintaining the same constant force that he applied in (a). The frictional force has the same constant value as in (a). The distance the wheelbarrow moves up the slope before it stops is x, where x is measured in metres. Examiner Only Marks Remark (1) Calculate the change in kinetic energy of the wheelbarrow from the bottom of the slope to the point where it stops. Change in kinetic energy = _____________ J [1] (2) Obtain an expression, in terms of x, for the change in gravitational potential energy of the wheelbarrow from the bottom of the slope to the point where it stops. Change in gravitational potential energy = ______________ [2] (3) Use the principle of conservation of energy to find the distance x. x = _____________ m [1] (ii) Calculate the total force the man must exert on the wheelbarrow and its contents to move it up the slope at the original constant speed of 1.5 m s 1. The frictional force is constant at 12 N. Total force = _____________ N 4876 [3] 11 [Turn over Where appropriate in this question you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark A soft squashy ball is dropped from rest from a height onto a hard surface. The graph in Fig. 4.1 shows how the height of the top of the ball above the surface varies with time. height A F B C E D 0 0 time Fig. 4.1 Points in the motion of the ball have been labelled A, B, C, D, E and F . The ball first makes contact with the surface at the time corresponding to C. It leaves the surface again at the time corresponding to E. (a) On Fig. 4.2, sketch the shape of the ball at the times corresponding to C, D and E. C D E [2] Fig. 4.2 4876 12 [Turn over (b) State the type or types of energy possessed by the ball at the times corresponding to the following points. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Point A: ___________________________________________________ (ii) Point B: ___________________________________________________ (iii) Point C: _________________________________________________ [3] (c) After rebounding from the surface, the ball rises to a height represented by point F The fact that F is at a lower height than . point A might suggest that the principle of conservation of energy has been broken. Explain why the principle has not, in fact, been broken. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [2] Quality of written communication 4876 [1] 13 [Turn over 5 (a) Define electric current. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [1] (b) 5.0 1020 electrons pass normally through a cross-section of a wire in 25 s. Find the current in the wire. Current = ____________ A [1] (c) A number of electrons travel between two electrodes in an evacuated tube. This flow of electrons may be considered to be an electron beam current. The mean speed of the electrons is 8.0 106 m s 1 and the distance between the two electrodes is 0.45 m. The electron beam current is 1.85 mA. (i) Calculate the time taken for an electron to travel between the two electrodes at this speed. Time = ____________ s [1] (ii) Hence calculate the number of electrons in the beam at any instant. Number = ____________ 4876 [2] 14 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 4876 15 [Turn over 6 (a) A wire has resistance R and is made of metal of resistivity . Write down the equation relating R to . State the meaning of any other terms in your equation. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [1] (b) A copper wire is 2.0 m long and has a radius of 0.56 mm. When the current in the wire is 3.5 A, the potential difference between the ends of the wire is 0.12 V. Calculate the resistivity of copper. Resistivity = _____________________ m [4] (c) This copper wire (wire A) is now replaced with a different copper wire (wire B) of length 2.0 m (the same as before) but of radius 0.28 mm (half the previous value). State how the resistance and resistivity of wire B compare with the values of the corresponding quantities for wire A. In each case, explain your reasoning. Resistance of wire B compared with resistance of wire A: _____________________________________________________________ Reasoning: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] Resistivity of wire B compared with resistivity of wire A: _____________________________________________________________ Reasoning: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] 4876 16 [Turn over (d) On the axes of Fig. 6.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with temperature T of the resistance R of a wire made of a superconducting material below and above the superconducting transition temperature Ts. Examiner Only Marks Remark R 0 0 Ts T [2] Fig. 6.1 4876 17 [Turn over 7 The circuit of Fig. 7.1 contains five 10 resistors connected to a 6 V battery as shown. Examiner Only Marks Remark 6V 10 10 B 10 X Y I1 10 C 10 Fig. 7.1 (a) (i) Calculate the total resistance of the network between the points X and Y. Resistance = _____________ [2] (ii) (1) Use your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the total current drawn from the battery. Current = ____________ A [1] (2) Hence determine the current I1 in Fig. 7.1. I1 = ____________ A 4876 [1] 18 [Turn over (b) (i) Explain why the potential difference between points B and C is zero. Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (ii) A wire of negligible resistance is now placed to connect the points B and C of the circuit of Fig. 7.1. The potential difference between points B and C remains zero. How does the current now drawn from the battery compare with that in (a)(ii)(1) (i.e. before the wire is connected between B and C)? Indicate your answer by placing a tick ( ) in the appropriate box. The current is greater than before The current is the same as before The current is less than before Explain your answer. _______________________________________________________ [1] (iii) The wire in (b)(ii) is removed from B and C and now placed to connect the points X and Y of the circuit of Fig. 7.1. Calculate the current now drawn from the 6 V battery. Current ______________ A 4876 [2] 19 [Turn over 8 Examiner Only A 24 V Marks Remark C 12 V, 30 W B Fig. 8.1 In Fig. 8.1, AC is a resistor of resistance R and BC is a resistor of resistance 3R. The cell has an e.m.f. of 24 V and negligible internal resistance. A lamp rated 12 V, 30 W is connected as shown. When the circuit is switched on, the lamp operates under the rated conditions (i.e. normally). (a) Calculate the resistance of the lamp when it is operated at its rated conditions. Resistance = ______________ [3] (b) What must be the potential difference across the resistance BC if the lamp is to operate normally? p.d. = ______________ V [1] (c) Hence determine the p.d. across the resistance AC when the lamp is operating normally. p.d. = ______________ V 4876 [1] 20 [Turn over (d) Hence determine, in terms of R, the necessary combined resistance of the lamp and the resistor BC when the lamp operates normally. Resistance = ______________ Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] (e) Hence calculate the magnitude of R. R = ______________ [2] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4876 21 [Turn over 935-075-1 GCE Physics Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J Useful formulae The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Mechanics Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 Hooke s Law F = kx (spring constant k) Sound intensity level/dB = 10 lg10 Two-source interference = for a constant force Sound Waves I I0 ay d Light Lens formula Magnification 111 += uvf v m= u Electricity Terminal potential difference Potential divider V = Ir (E.m.f. ; Internal Resistance r) R1Vin Vout = R1 + R2 Particles and photons de Broglie equation = h p AY111INS 4876.02

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Additional Info : Gce Physics January 2009 Assessment Unit AS 1, Module 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity - Revised
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