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GCE JUN 2009 : AS 2 Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised

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Sp ec Ne i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY General Certificate of Education 2009 Physics assessing Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics AY121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AY121] FRIDAY 19 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 75. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 5. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question. Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is inside this question paper. You may use an electronic calculator. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Marks 4688 BLANK PAGE 4688 2 [Turn over 1 Electromagnetic waves have wavelengths in the range from about 10 14 m to about 104 m and form a spectrum. The spectrum is divided into seven regions. Waves within a region have common properties. For example, visible light is that region of the spectrum detected by the eye. (a) Name the seven regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength. Answer in the spaces provided. Decreasing wavelength [3] Examiner Only Marks Remark (b) State a typical wavelength for visible light. Wavelength = ________________ [1] (c) An electromagnetic wave from a different region of the spectrum has a frequency of 620 GHz. What is its wavelength if it is travelling in a vacuum? Wavelength = ________________ m 4688 [3] 3 [Turn over 2 Snell s law of refraction states: The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant for any two transparent materials. Describe an experiment to verify Snell s law when the transparent materials are air and glass. In your description you should: (a) draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus and its arrangement, (b) describe how the apparatus is used to obtain the angles of incidence and refraction required. (a) Labelled diagram [2] Examiner Only (b) Use of apparatus to obtain angles of incidence and refraction Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] 4688 4 [Turn over (c) The data may be analysed by drawing a suitable graph. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Label the axes of Fig. 2.1 and sketch this graph. Label it 1. 0 0 [2] Fig. 2.1 (ii) On Fig. 2.1 draw a second graph to show the effect of repeating the experiment with a material of lower refractive index than glass. Label this graph 2. [1] 4688 5 [Turn over 3 Fig. 3.1 illustrates a defect of vision for a person s eye. The eye structure has been simplified. The eye is the circle and all bending occurs at its left-hand surface and the retina is the right-hand surface of the circle. Two rays from a distant object are shown undergoing refraction at the eye. Examiner Only Marks Remark Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Name the eye defect illustrated by Fig. 3.1. Defect = ______________________________ [1] (ii) Name the type of lens that will correct this defect. Lens type = ______________________________ [1] (b) (i) Calculate the focal length of the lens that will enable a person with a near point of 1.3 m to see clearly an object placed 0.25 m from the eye. Focal length = _______________ m [3] (ii) What is the power of this lens? Power = _______________ D 4688 [1] 6 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 4688 7 [Turn over 4 The graphical representation of a standing wave on a stretched string is shown in Fig. 4.1. Examiner Only Marks Remark Fig. 4.1 (a) Which mode of vibration (resonance vibration) is represented in Fig. 4.1? Mode of vibration = ___________________ (b) On Fig. 4.1, clearly mark the position of one antinode (label this A). [1] [1] (c) The distance between two consecutive antinodes is 0.08 m. What is the wavelength of the standing wave? Wavelength = ________________ m [1] (d) On Fig. 4.2, draw the fundamental or first mode of vibration. The original string has been drawn for you. Original string [1] Fig. 4.2 4688 8 [Turn over (e) F is the ratio defined by Equation 4.1 and W is the ratio defined by Equation 4.2. Examiner Only Marks Frequency of first mode of vibration F = Frequency of mode of vibration in Fig. 4.1 Equation 4.1 Wavelength of mode of vibration in Fig. 4.1 W = Wavelength of first mode of vibration Remark Equation 4.2 (i) State the value of F. F = ____________ [1] (ii) State the value of W. W = ____________ 4688 [1] 9 [Turn over As appropriate in this question, you should answer in continuous prose. You will be assessed on the quality of your written communication. 5 Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Explain what is meant by the term diffraction. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] (b) Fig. 5.1 is a scale diagram showing parallel wavefronts approaching an aperture. Complete Fig. 5.1 by carefully drawing four wavefronts after they have passed through the aperture. Aperture Wave fronts [3] Fig. 5.1 (c) In terms of diffraction, explain why people can hear a conversation through an open door even when they cannot see the people talking. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication 4688 [2] 10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 4688 11 [Turn over 6 An experiment is conducted to measure the speed of sound in air using a resonance tube and tuning forks. The frequency of each tuning fork is recorded and the corresponding tube length at the first position of resonance measured. The data are recorded in Table 6.1. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 6.1 Frequency/Hz 256 288 320 456 512 Tube length/m 0.312 0.277 0.258 0.189 0.166 1 ( )/m tube length 1 (a) Calculate the values of 1/(tube length) and complete the row in Table 6.1. [1] Frequency/Hz 500 400 300 1 ( tube length )/m 1 200 3.00 4688 4.00 5.00 Fig. 6.1 6.00 12 [Turn over (b) On the axes of Fig. 6.1 plot a graph of frequency against 1 and draw a best-fit line. tube length Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (c) Measure the gradient of your graph and state the unit in which it is measured. Gradient = ______________ [2] Unit = ______________ [1] (d) Use the gradient to calculate the speed of sound in air. Speed = _____________ m s 1 4688 [2] 13 [Turn over 7 CT and MRI scanning are two imaging techniques available to doctors to view the inside of the body of a patient without surgery. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) What does CT stand for? CT = _________________________ [1] (ii) What does MRI stand for? MRI = _________________________ [1] (b) Both imaging techniques require the use of electromagnetic radiation in order to form an image of the body. Name the region of the electromagnetic spectrum used in each technique. CT = _________________________ [1] MRI = _________________________ [1] (c) CT requires the use of imaging equipment that has moving parts while MRI uses imaging equipment that has no moving parts. State the piece of imaging equipment that moves during a CT scan. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [1] (d) A major component of MRI equipment must be cooled to very low temperatures. Name the component and explain why it is necessary to maintain it at a very low temperature. Component ________________________________________________ [1] Explanation __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [2] 4688 14 [Turn over 8 A polished zinc plate is illuminated with ultraviolet radiation of frequency 6.00 x 1016 Hz, as shown in Fig. 8.1. Examiner Only Marks Remark UV radiation Zinc Fig. 8.1 (a) What is a photon? _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [1] (b) Calculate the energy of a photon of the ultraviolet radiation. Energy = ________________ J [3] (c) Explain what is meant by the term photoelectric emission and state the conditions under which it can occur for the zinc plate illuminated by the ultraviolet radiation. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] 4688 15 [Turn over 9 The term laser stands for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Examiner Only Marks Remark Fig. 9.1 illustrates the electron arrangement within the atoms of a laser before it has been switched on. Most of the electrons are in their ground state with an occasional electron in an excited state. Excited state E1 Ground state E0 Electrons Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 9.2 draw a possible electron arrangement when the laser is switched on. Excited state E1 Ground state E0 Fig. 9.2 [2] (ii) What name is given to this situation? Name __________________________________________________ [1] (b) Spontaneous emission occurs when an electron randomly falls to the ground state. What causes the electron to fall due to stimulated emission? ___________________________________________________________ [1] 4688 16 [Turn over (c) Laser eye surgery uses a computer-controlled excimer laser. One such laser has argon fluoride as the lasing material. It produces electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 193 nm. Examiner Only Marks Remark Calculate the energy of an electron s excited state if it relaxes to a state with an energy of 9.18 eV and emits radiation of wavelength 193 nm as a result. Energy __________ eV 4688 [4] 17 [Turn over 10 The de Broglie formula is quoted in your Data and Formulae Sheet as Equation 10.1. h = p Examiner Only Marks Remark Equation 10.1 (a) What does each of the terms represent? = _______________________ h = _______________________ p = _______________________ [1] (b) Fig. 10.1 is a graph of 1/p against . ( 1 )/ N p 1 0 s 1 0 /m Fig. 10.1 State the numerical value for the gradient of the graph in Fig. 10.1. Include its units. Gradient = ______________________ Unit ____________________ 4688 [2] [1] 18 [Turn over (c) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving at 90% of the speed of light in a vacuum. Wavelength _________________ m Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4688 19 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 938-071-1 GCE Physics Data and Formulae Sheet Values of constants speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s 1 elementary charge e = 1.60 10 19 C the Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s mass of electron me = 9.11 10 31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 27 kg acceleration of free fall on the Earth s surface g = 9.81 m s 2 electron volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J Useful formulae The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination: Mechanics Conservation of energy 1 mv 2 2 1 mu 2 = Fs 2 Hooke s Law F = kx (spring constant k) Sound intensity level/dB I = 10 lg10 I0 Two-source interference = for a constant force Sound Waves ay d Light Lens formula Magnification 111 += uvf v m= u Electricity Terminal potential difference Potential divider V = E Ir (E.m.f. E; Internal Resistance r) R1Vin Vout = R1 + R2 Particles and photons de Broglie equation 4688.02 = h p

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Additional Info : Gce Physics June 2009 Assessment Unit AS 2, Module 2: Waves, Photons and Medical Physics - Revised
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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