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GCE JAN 2008 : (AS 2) Physiology and Ecology

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2008 Biology assessing Module 2: Physiology and Ecology ASB21 Assessment Unit AS 2 [ASB21] TUESDAY 15 JANUARY, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eight questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 55. Section A carries 43 marks. Section B carries 12 marks. You should spend approximately 15 minutes on Section B. You are expected to answer Section B in continuous prose. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Marks ASB2W8 3408 Marks Section A Examiner Only Marks 1 Remark Identify the word or phrase that is described by each of the following statements. (a) An oxygen-binding, haem-containing, globular protein found in red muscle. ______________________________________________________________ [1] (b) A soluble plasma protein which is converted to an insoluble fibrous protein during blood clot formation. ______________________________________________________________ [1] (c) The pattern of the wavelengths that photosynthetic pigments absorb. ______________________________________________________________ [1] (d) The roles and environmental interactions of a particular species in its ecosystem. ______________________________________________________________ [1] ASB2W8 3408 2 [Turn over 2 (a) Outline what is meant by the term double circulation . Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Complete the table below to indicate, precisely, the direction of blood flow in each of the blood vessels. Blood vessel Direction of blood flow Origin Destination Vena cava Pulmonary artery Renal artery Hepatic portal vein [4] ASB2W8 3408 3 [Turn over 3 The diagram below represents a transverse section through part of the ileum of a mammal as viewed with a light microscope. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B C Source: Diagram adapted from A-Level Biology by W D Phillips and T J Chilton (OUP, 1989), copyright Oxford University Press, reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press. (a) Identify the structures labelled A to C. A ____________________________________ B ____________________________________ C ____________________________________ [2] (b) The villi help increase the surface area of the ileum to aid the process of absorption. Describe one other adaptation of the ileum that increases its surface area for absorption. __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] ASB2W8 3408 4 [Turn over Certain foods, such as pasteurised milk, may stimulate a build up of mucus on the wall of the ileum and so hinder absorption of the products of digestion. Examiner Only Marks Remark (c) (i) Name the cells that produce mucus in the ileum. ____________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Suggest how a build up of mucus would hinder or slow absorption of the products of digestion. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [1] ASB2W8 3408 5 [Turn over 4 The diagram below represents a transverse section through a mesophytic leaf as seen through a light microscope. Examiner Only Marks Remark Source: Advanced Biology, Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press, 1997 (a) Identify the tissues labelled A and B. A____________________________________ B____________________________________ [1] (b) Identify one feature, visible in the diagram, that helps the leaf carry out the process of gas exchange, and explain how this feature aids the process. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Identify one feature, visible in the diagram, that helps maximise light absorption, and explain how this feature increases the light trapped by the leaf. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 6 [Turn over (d) Some mesophytic plants live in areas where the available light intensity is low, for example forest floors. Suggest two ways in which the leaves of such plants would be adapted to further maximise light absorption. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 7 [Turn over 5 In intensive piggeries, pregnant sows are confined in small crates, while young pigs are housed in high density conditions indoors. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Young pigs convert 20% of food consumed into their body tissue. Explain how 80% of the energy fed to the pigs is lost . __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] Keeping young pigs in warm conditions may increase their growth rate. The table below shows the average daily gain in mass of young pigs kept at different temperatures. Air temperature/ C Average daily gain in mass/g day 1 28 385 25 370 22 350 (b) Calculate the percentage increase in mass of young pigs kept at 28 C compared to 22 C. (Show your working in the space below.) Answer _________ % [2] (c) Explain why keeping the young pigs in warm and confined conditions would increase the efficiency of energy conversion. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 8 [Turn over (d) Suggest one reason why there might be ethical or environmental issues surrounding intensive pig farming. Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] ASB2W8 3408 9 [Turn over 6 The graph below shows pressure changes which take place in the left side of the heart during one complete cardiac cycle. Examiner Only Marks Remark 16 Pressure/kPa 12 8 aorta ventricle atrium 4 0 4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Time/s 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 (a) At what time does the atrioventricular valve close? Give the reason for your answer. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) At what time does the aortic valve close? Give the reason for your answer. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 10 [Turn over (c) Explain the changes in the atrial pressure from 0.1 to 0.45 seconds. Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (d) The pressure in the right ventricle reaches a maximum of 3.5 kPa. Give reasons for the difference between this pressure and the maximum pressure achieved in the left ventricle (as shown in the graph). __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 11 [Turn over 7 (a) Describe two features of intraspecific competition. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) In a study of the effect of population density on the growth of limpets (algal-grazing, rocky shore animals shown opposite) two aspects of growth were measured in each of ten populations: mean length of limpets total biomass of limpets per unit area of rocky shore The populations varied in density from 100 to 1300 limpets per square metre. The results are shown in the graphs below. 2 125 Total biomass/gm Mean length/mm 70 60 50 40 100 75 50 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2 Density/m 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2 Density/m (i) Describe the trends shown in each graph. Examiner Only Marks Remark Effect on mean limpet length? ___________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [1] Effect on total biomass per unit area? ______________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] ASB2W8 3408 12 [Turn over (ii) Suggest an explanation for the trends identified. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] Source: http://knittingiris.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/limpets.jpg ASB2W8 3408 13 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark In this section you are expected to answer in continuous prose supported, where appropriate, by diagrams. You are reminded that up to two marks in this question are awarded for the quality of written communication. [2] 8 Give an account of the following transport systems in plants. Phloem Xylem [10] Phloem _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ASB2W8 3408 14 [Turn over _____________________________________________________________ Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Xylem _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ASB2W8 3408 15 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 3/07 302-026-1 16 [Turn over

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Additional Info : Gce Biology January 2008 Assessment Unit AS 2 Module 2: Physiology and Ecology
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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