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GCE JAN 2010 : (A2 3A) Synoptic Paper

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education January 2010 Biology assessing Module 6A: Synoptic Paper A2B31 Assessment Unit A2 3A [A2B31] THURSDAY 28 JANUARY, MORNING TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all four questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 50. Section A carries 35 marks. Section B carries 15 marks. You should spend approximately 20 minutes on Section B. You are expected to answer Section B in continuous prose. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A data sheet is provided for use with this paper. 5370 For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 Total Marks Marks BLANK PAGE 5370 2 [Turn over Section A Examiner Only Marks 1 Remark A changing environmental temperature is a major problem for ectothermic animals. However, the impact of this has been reduced in many ectotherms through the use of behavioural means to adjust their internal temperature. (a) Describe how an ectotherm might respond to an increase in environmental temperature _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ a decrease in environmental temperature _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] While many insects are obviously ectothermic for example, butterflies only fly when it is sunny there is evidence that honeybees (Apis mellifera) have developed some endothermic responses. (b) The honeybee needs a body temperature of 35 C to be able to fly effectively. On cool days, the bees vibrate or shiver their wings for some minutes until the required temperature in their flight muscles is reached. (i) Explain how the shivering response of the honeybee generates heat in the flight muscles. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Explain why the honeybee s flight muscles would need to be maintained at a high temperature (35 C) for the insect to be able to fly. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] 5370 3 [Turn over (c) Honeybees are able to fly even when the air temperature is relatively low. To investigate this, honeybees were exposed to air temperatures between 20 and 40 C, and the following were measured: wing-beat frequency metabolic rate body temperature The results of this study are shown in the graphs below. 2.0 240 Metabolic rate/watts s 1 Wing-beat frequency/hertz 250 230 220 210 1.5 1.0 200 190 0.5 20 30 40 Air temperature/ C 20 20 30 40 Air temperature/ C 30 40 Air temperature/ C Body temperature/ C 40 30 20 5370 4 [Turn over Describe and explain the trends evident in the graphs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [5] 5370 5 [Turn over 2 An orchard contained four varieties of apple tree. To compare fruit production for the four varieties, 30 apples of each variety were randomly chosen and weighed. Examiner Only Marks Remark From the data for each variety, the means and standard deviation of the means were calculated and, for three of the varieties, the 95% confidence limits were determined. The means and 95% confidence limits are shown in the graph below. 200 Mass of apples/g 150 100 50 0 A B C D Variety of apple (a) For the variety A sample (of 30 apples), the mean was 105, while the standard deviation of the mean ( x) was 12.2. (Units are grams.) Calculate the 95% confidence limits, and plot these on the graph. (Use the space below for your calculation.) Upper limit __________ Lower limit __________ [3] 5370 6 [Turn over (b) Identify which of the means of the four apple varieties is the most reliable. Explain your reasoning. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Compare the means and confidence limits for varieties B and C. Do these suggest that there is a significance difference? Explain your reasoning. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (d) The variable investigated was mass of apples. Suggest one other variable which might influence apple quality. _______________________________________________________ [1] 5370 7 [Turn over (e) Apple variety D is diploid though it has a triploid strain. It was expected that fruit mass for the triploid strain would be 50% greater than that of the diploid strain. To test this hypothesis the total mass of 600 apples of each strain was compared using a 2 test. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the table below to calculate the 2 value for the test. (Units are kg.) Strain Observed mass (O) Expected mass (E) (O E) Diploid 109 100 9 Triploid 141 150 (O E)2 E 9 2 value __________ [2] (ii) What does the calculated 2 value suggest about the expected greater mass of triploid apples compared with diploid apples? Justify your decision with reference to the probability value for the calculated 2 value. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain why it might be expected that the triploid apples would be 50% greater in mass than the diploid apples. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] 5370 8 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5370 9 [Turn over 3 Read the passage below and then use the information in the passage, and your own understanding, to answer the questions which follow. Fungi belong to their own kingdom since they differ from all other organisms. They exist either as single cells or as chains of cells organised to form hyphae. Hyphae are organised into a branching network of filaments to form a mycelium the living body of a fungus. Fungi reproduce asexually by the production of spores. The spore producing bodies are often elaborate structures. 5 Most species of fungi obtain their nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter, though some grow as parasites on other organisms. Fungi have eukaryotic cells, though none of their cells ever possess flagella, and have a rigid cell wall. Phytophthora infestans is the fungus which infects potato plants. The fungal spores germinate on the surface of the leaf and developing hyphae invade the leaf through stomata. Once inside, the hyphae form a mycelium which proliferates through the entire plant and absorbs nutrients from within the cells. The bracket fungus, Ganoderma applanatum, invades the damaged bark of trees and its spore producing bodies appear as thick shelves on the trunk. Its destruction of tissue may lead to the death of the tree which it can feed off for years ahead. Nevertheless most fungi may be seen as beneficial. Their most important role is as major decomposers in ecosystems. Their actions, along with those of many other microorganisms, release carbon and nitrogen back into the environment, thus playing an essential role in both the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Some are directly used by man. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains of which are known as baker s or brewer s yeast is used in both bread making and the fermentation process needed to produce beer and wine. Several species of fungi provide a major source of the antibiotics used to treat human bacterial infections. Penicillium notatum is the source of penicillin, while streptomycin is derived from Streptomyces griseus. Penicillin works by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis resulting in cell lysis. Streptomycin interferes with bacterial ribosomes and so inhibits protein synthesis. (a) Fungi are distinctive from organisms in the other kingdoms [line 1]. 10 15 20 25 Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) State two differences between fungi and plants. 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State two differences between fungi and animals. 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ [2] 5370 10 [Turn over (b) Explain how fungi obtain their nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter [line 6]. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (c) The potato blight fungus, Phytophthora infestans [line 9], was the cause of the potato famine in Ireland in the middle of the 19th century. The disease spread easily since there were only two strains of potato grown in Ireland at the time and so destruction of the crop was complete. Explain how the complete destruction of the potato crop might have been prevented if many strains had been grown. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (d) Antibiotics [line 23] are substances which have a negative effect on bacterial growth. Suggest why fungi, such as Penicillium notatum and Streptomyces griseus, produce these substances in their natural soil environment. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] 5370 11 [Turn over (e) Explain why streptomycin does not affect the metabolism of human cells while it is effective against bacteria [line 25 and 26]. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] (f) Explain why penicillin is rarely used nowadays to counter bacterial infections. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] 5370 12 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark You are expected to answer the following question in continuous prose. Diagrams may be used, but you should make sure that they are relevant and add extra information to your account. It will be marked for its biological content, coverage of the topic, and the quality of written communication. In this question up to two marks are awarded for the quality of written communication. 4 [2] Write an account of how the structure of different cells is related to their function . Your account should show understanding of, at least, five cell types that you have studied. [13] ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5370 13 [Turn over Examiner Only ____________________________________________________________ Marks Remark ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 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____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5370 17 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 1312-041-1

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Additional Info : Gce Biology January 2010 Assessment Unit A2 3A Module 6A: Synoptic Paper
Tags : General Certificate of Education, A Level and AS Level, uk, council for the curriculum examinations and assessment, gce exam papers, gce a level and as level exam papers , gce past questions and answer, gce past question papers, ccea gce past papers, gce ccea past papers

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