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GCE JUN 2009 : (AS 2) Human Geography -Revised

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Sp ec Ne i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2009 Geography assessing Human Geography AG121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AG121] THURSDAY 11 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Section A: candidates must answer this section Section B: answer all three questions in this section, you should write your answers in the space provided in this question paper. Section C: answer any two questions from this section. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 5007 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer this section 1 (a) Study Resource 1A on page 3, which illustrates a partially completed isoline map of the velocity distribution in a river channel at a meander bend (drawn along cross-section X Y). (i) Plot the two velocity readings recorded in the channel at a distance of 5 m from river bank X. [2] (ii) Complete the four isovels (lines joining points of equal velocity) at intervals of 0.1 m s 1. [4] (iii) Explain the isoline pattern for velocity throughout the channel area in Resource 1A. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] (iv) What type of statistical technique could be used to investigate the relationship between the average velocity of the river and distance from the left bank of the meander bend? Justify your choice. (No calculations are required) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 5007 2 [Turn over 5007 3 0 m 1 m 0.1 1.6 0.2 s- 1.4 0.25 m s-1 0.15 m s-1 0.10 m s-1 0.29 m s-1 0.23 m s-1 0.16 m s-1 1 0.28 0.33 0.15 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.25 0.34 0.40 0.52 2 0.28 m s-1 0.34 m s-1 0.38 0.33 m s-1 0.40 m s-1 0.10 m s-1 0.38 m s-1 0.52 m s-1 -1 s 1.2 m m 0.3 1.0 2m 1m 1 s- 0.8 1 s- 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 River bank X 1.4 m 1.2 m 1.0 m 0.8 m 0.6 m 0.4 m 0.2 m Depth m 0.5 -1 s [Turn over metres 0.10 0.16 0.25 0.10 m s-1 0.16 m s-1 0.25 m s-1 4m 3 4 Distance from river bank X (m) 0.05 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.05 m s-1 0.18 m s-1 0.20 m s-1 0.25 m s-1 0.35 m s-1 3m Distance from river bank X 5 er B Riv ed 0.02 m s-1 0.14 m s-1 5m Resource 1A 6 0.02 0.02 m s-1 6m 7 0.01 River bank Y 0.01 m s-1 7m 0.15 0.1m s-1 X Y River Velocity (m s-1) Isovel (isoline) line joining points of equal velocity Y Position of Cross-section X (b) Study Resource 1B, which illustrates population change in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland between 1991 and 2001. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1B N Isle of Skye Population Change (%) > 10.01 Isle of Mull 0.01 - 10.0 No change -0.01 - -10.0 > -10.01 0 Highlands & Islands boundary 50km Adapted from The Geography Review, Vol. 18 No. 2 published by Philip Allan Updates (i) State how the rate of population change differs on the Isle of Mull compared to the Isle of Skye. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5007 4 [Turn over (ii) Name the mapping technique used in Resource 1B and discuss one strength and one limitation of this technique. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [5] 5007 5 [Turn over (iii) Study Resource 1C, which illustrates the age profile for the Highlands and Islands region compared to Scotland as a whole. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1C Highlands & Islands area 40,000 Scotland 35,000 (scaled down for comparison) Population 2001 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 90 and over 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0 0-4 5,000 Age group Source: Adapted from Geography Review Vol 10 No.2 1. Which age group, in the Highlands and Islands, differs most from the age profile for Scotland? ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. Which age group, in the Highlands and Islands, shows the greatest over-representation compared to Scotland as a whole? ____________________________________________________ [1] 3. Using evidence from Resource 1C explain one potential problem, created by the age profile, for the development of the Highlands and Islands region. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [3] 5007 6 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5007 7 [Turn over (c) Study Resource 1D, which is a satellite (remotely sensed) image of Hurricane Katrina in the Atlantic Ocean in August 2005. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Hurricanes form under specific conditions. Using Resource 1D, identify and explain any two of these which are evident on the satellite image. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Apart from weather monitoring, state one use of satellite (remotely sensed) imagery in geographical studies. _______________________________________________________ [1] 5007 8 [Turn over 5007 9 [Turn over Outline of coast and major islands Gulf of Mexico New Orleans Resource 1D Source: Adapted from NASA satellite image 15 N 20 N 25 N 30 N Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all three questions in this section 2 Study Resource 2 which shows total GDP and GDP per capita in selected regions in 1990 and projected for 2030. Resource 2 Total GDP 15 GDP per capita (trillions of 1990 US$) (thousands of 1990 US$) 10 5 0 0 LEDCs 5 10 15 Asia & the Pacific Latin America & the Caribbean Middle East & North Africa 1990 2030* *Data for 2030 are projections International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank (a) (i) State the increase in total GDP in Asia and the Pacific between 1990 and 2030. ________________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State the increase in GDP per capita in Asia and the Pacific between 1990 and 2030. ________________________________________________________ [1] 5007 10 [Turn over (iii) Discuss how natural population increase may contribute to the differences over time in total GDP and GDP per capita in the regions shown in Resource 2. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] (b) Describe how age dependency in a LEDC would differ from that in a MEDC and outline two economic implications for a LEDC. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [6] 5007 11 [Turn over 3 (a) Study Resource 3 which shows the location of informal settlements in Mexico City. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 3 N Informal settlement Federal district Federal district boundary Main road Azcapotzalco Gustavo Madero Lake Texcoco Carranza City Centre Tiaipan 0 km 8 Urbanisation: Changing Environments by Corrin Flint and David Flint published by Collins Educational, 1998 reprinted by kind permission of Harper Collins publishers. ISBN 0003266877 Describe the location of informal settlements in Mexico City and discuss the levels of service provision and types of economic activity you would expect to find in such settlements. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5007 12 [Turn over Examiner Only _____________________________________________________________ Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [6] (b) With reference to a MEDC case study, define gentrification and evaluate how this process has affected your chosen area. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [6] 5007 13 [Turn over 4 (a) Describe and evaluate one social measure of development. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [4] (b) Study Resource 4 which shows the number of McDonald s restaurants by region in 1991 and 1996. Resource 4 World Total MEDCs Total LEDCs LEDC regions Sub-Saharan Africa Arab States East Asia South East Asia 1996 1991 South Asia Latin America 0 5000 10000 15000 Number of restaurants 20000 25000 Source: adapted from www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/charts/mcdon2.htm 5007 14 [Turn over McDonald s is a transnational company. Describe the pattern shown in the resource and identify one social implication of this trend. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [3] (c) Transnational companies like McDonald s are one symbol of globalisation. Discuss how globalisation can affect the economic development of a LEDC you have studied. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [5] 5007 15 [Turn over Section C Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions 5 Population distribution is related to the availability of physical and human resources. Discuss this statement with reference to a national case study. [12] 6 With reference to places for illustration, discuss three issues faced in the rural urban fringe. [12] 7 Define either colonialism or neo-colonialism and discuss how your chosen process has affected the level of development of a LEDC you have studied. [12] 5007 16 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 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____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5007 25 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 938-049-1

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Additional Info : Gce Geography June 2009 Assessment Unit AS 2 Human Geography - Revised
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