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GCE JAN 2010 : (AS 1) Physical Geography - Revised

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Sp N ec e i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2010 Geography assessing Physical Geography AG111 Assessment Unit AS 1 [AG111] FRIDAY 15 JANUARY, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Section A: candidates must answer this section. Section B: answer all three questions in this section. You should write your answers for Section A and Section B in the spaces provided in this question paper. Section C: answer any two questions from this section. Write your answers to Section C on the lined paper at the end of this booklet. At the end of the examination your summary of fieldwork and table of data should be attached securely to this paper using the treasury tag supplied. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of the pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 5390 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer this section Submitted summary of fieldwork and table of data. At the end of the examination these should be attached securely to this paper using the treasury tag supplied. 1 (a) Explain two reasons why your chosen location was selected as suitable to explore the aim of your fieldwork. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] (b) (i) Explain why statistical analysis is an important stage in the investigation process. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 5390 2 [Turn over (ii) Select one of the following statistical techniques and apply it to your data using the box provided below. The technique selected must be appropriate to your aim. Comment on the statistical significance of the outcome, if relevant. (Formulae, Significance graphs and tables are illustrated in Resources 1A and 1B on pages 4 and 5). l l l l Spearman s Rank Correlation Nearest Neighbour Analysis Measures of central tendency and dispersion (Mean, median, mode and range) Chosen Technique: _________________________ 5390 5390 3 Examiner Only Marks Remark [7] All stages of your calculations should be shown clearly [Turn over [Turn over Resource 1A Spearman s Rank Correlation Equation and Significance Charts 6 d 2 rs = 1 n3 n Formula: where d = the difference in rank of the values of each matched pair n = the number of ranked pairs = the sum of Spearman s Rank Correlation Significance Graph and Table Critical values for rs 5.0p 1.0p Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient 1.0 0.1p Significant 0.8 0.6 0.4 99.9% Non-significant 99% 0.2 95% 0.1 4 6 8 10 25 50 100 Degrees of freedom [Number of ranked pairs (n) 2] Critical values of Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient, rs Significance level degrees of freedom 0.01 (1%) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 5390 0.05 (5%) 0.88 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.39 0.35 0.31 1.00 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.65 0.59 0.54 0.48 0.43 0.38 4 [Turn over Resource 1B Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph Formula: Rn = 2d n A where d = the mean distance between nearest neighbours n = number of points A = area in question Significance Graph Rn values Regular 2.15 2.0 Significantly regular 1.5 Random Significantly random 1.0 0.5 Significantly clustered Clustered 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number of points (n) 5390 5 [Turn over (iii) Having completed your statistical work, suggest possible geographical reasons for the outcome obtained. Your explanation should include reference to relevant geographical theory or concepts. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [8] 5390 6 [Turn over (c) Select one of the factors from the list below and explain how it would have influenced the reliability of the data which you collected. l l l l l l Examiner Only Marks Remark Sampling method Time of year Prevailing weather conditions Group organisation Time of day Type of equipment _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] (d) Explain one way in which your data collection could be extended to explore further the aim of your fieldwork. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 5390 7 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all three questions in this section. 2 (a) Describe how a river transports material by the process of saltation. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [2] (b) Study Resource 2 which shows the annual deaths and the cost of damage caused by flooding in the USA (1925 1990). Resource 2 10000 Trend lines Damage 600 500 100 400 Deaths 10 300 Deaths Damage (US$ 100 million) 1000 200 100 1 1930 1940 1950 1960 Year 1970 1980 0 1990 Figure from Smith, K. (1993) Riverine flood hazard , Geography, 78, 2, pp. 182-185 5390 8 [Turn over (i) Describe and explain the trends shown in Resource 2. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [6] (ii) Explain two ways in which the equivalent data for flooding in an LEDC, such as Bangladesh, might be different from the data shown in Resource 2. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] 5390 9 [Turn over 3 Study Resource 3 which shows an incomplete diagram of the nutrient cycle in an area of mid-latitude grasslands. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 3 Store Precipitation Transfer Biomass Tis f sue all o ut Uptake by plants Litter Soil Source: adapted from a variety of sources (a) (i) Complete the diagram by labelling the remaining four transfers of the nutrient cycle. [4] 5390 10 [Turn over (ii) Explain why soil is the largest of the three stores in this ecosystem. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Describe and explain the changes in soil characteristics which occur during plant succession to produce climatic climax vegetation. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [5] 5390 11 [Turn over BLANK PAGE 5390 12 [Turn over 4 Study Resource 4A showing a simplified atmospheric circulation for one hemisphere. Resource 4A X 0 Y Z 60 30 pressure 90 pressure CCEA (a) On Resource 4A name the three circulation cells X, Y and Z and indicate whether the pressure would be high or low at latitudes 30 and 60 . [4] 5390 13 Examiner Only Marks Remark [Turn over (b) Study Resource 4B, showing the weather associated with a frontal depression, which has formed over the North Atlantic and moved from west to east. Resource 4B 1200 January 30 7 5 6 LOW N 97 6 98 0 5 cold air 98 4 988 6 992 5 10 996 cold air 1000 warm air rain eavy H Light to moderate rain 200km Adapted with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Essential Geography AS ISBN 978 0 7487 5175 4 (Ross, Morgan & Heelas) first published in 2000 Pressure in millibars Pressure in millibars Direction of movement of pressure system (approx 30-40 km/h) Warm front Wind direction and speed, cloud cover Cold front 5390 Occluded front Rain area 14 [Turn over (i) Describe and explain the sequence of weather that Ireland has experienced during the previous 24 hours. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [6] (ii) State one beneficial and one detrimental effect of frontal depressions on people. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 5390 15 [Turn over Section C Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions in this section. 5 With the aid of annotated diagrams, describe and explain the river processes involved in the formation of: l l a waterfall; one type of delta. [12] 6 With reference to a national/regional case study, explain the impact of monoculture and attempts to manage an area of mid-latitude grasslands. [12] 7 For a named hurricane event, describe the effects of the hurricane on people and property and evaluate the effectiveness of the protective measures used to reduce loss of life and damage to property. [12] 5390 16 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 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____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5390 20 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 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____________________________________________________________________ 5390 25 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 5390 26 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 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copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 1312-033-1

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Additional Info : Gce Geography January 2010 Assessment Unit AS 1 Physical Geography - Revised
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