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GCE JAN 2010 : (AS 2) Human Geography - Revised

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Sp N ec e i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2010 Geography assessing Human Geography AG121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AG121] FRIDAY 22 JANUARY, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Section A: candidates must answer this section. Section B: answer all three questions in this section. Section C: answer any two questions from this section. You should write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are provided with an insert sheet for use with question 1(b). Do not write your answers on this insert. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 5542 Section A Answer this section 1 (a) Study Resource 1A, which illustrates the source regions and air masses that affect the British Isles, and Resource 1B, a table showing their frequency. Resource 1A Arctic Po lar Ma riti me lar Po Polar Continental M a ri time returning Tropical Maritime Tropical Continental Mollweide projection CCEA Resource 1B Dominant Air Mass % Frequency * Polar Maritime returning 16 Polar Continental 1 Polar Maritime 32 Tropical Maritime 9 Tropical Continental 1 Arctic 11 * Dominant air masses prevail for only 70% of the time Source: Advanced Geography (Adapted) 5542 2 [Turn over Examiner Only Marks Remark rM a rit ime returning Resource 1C Polar Continental (i) Complete Resource 1C as a flow chart showing air mass frequency, by adding the proportional flow lines, directions and annotation. The first two have been done for you. [6] Mollweide projection 30 20 40 Scale 10% mm 0 10 la Po CCEA 5542 3 [Turn over (ii) State any two measurable variables which should help show differences in the characteristics of air masses. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ________________________________________________ [1] 2. ________________________________________________ [1] (b) A geography student, carrying out an urban residential study in Belfast, proposed the following hypothesis: Environmental quality increases significantly with distance from the edge of the CBD. Ten sites were systematically sampled along two transect routes outwards from the edge of the CBD (as illustrated on Resource 1D, see insert sheet). The environmental quality score for each site was obtained using the Evaluation Matrix shown in Resource 1E. Study Resource 1F which relates to a statistical investigation of the hypothesis. Resource 1E Evaluation Matrix (completed for site A1) 1 2 low value housing 3 4 high value housing housing in poor condition 5 housing in good condition housing allows little privacy housing allows total privacy housing has no gardens housing has large gardens a grey environment a green environment an ugly environment an attractive environment no trees well wooded congested spacious a lot of litter no litter a lot of vandalism no vandalism probably unsafe at night probably safe at night noisy peaceful Total score = 26 The Urban Challenge by G Drake and C Lee, published by Hodder & Stoughton, 2000, ISBN 0340737344 reproduced by permission of Hodder Education 5542 4 [Turn over Resource 1F Site (shown in Resource 1D) X Distance from edge of CBD (km) Rank X Y Environmental quality score Rank Y d d2 A1 0 9.5 26 4 5.5 30.25 B1 0 9.5 25 5 4.5 20.25 A2 0.7 7 15 10 3 9 B2 0.65 8 16 9 1 1 A3 1.4 5 17 8 3 9 B3 1.3 6 24 6 0 0 A4 2.1 3 45 3 0 0 B4 1.95 4 23 7 3 9 A5 2.8 1 46 2 1 1 B5 2.6 2 48 1 1 1 S d2 = 80.5 5542 5 [Turn over (i) In the space below, complete the Spearman s Rank calculation and comment on the statistical significance of the outcome in relation to the hypothesis. Formula and significance charts are presented in Resource 1G (page 7). Examiner Only Marks Remark rs = _______________ Comment on statistical signi cance in relation to the hypothesis _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ [6] 5542 6 [Turn over Resource 1G Spearman s Rank Correlation Equation and Significance Charts Formula: rs = 1 6 d 2 n3 n where d = the difference in rank of the values of each matched pair n = the number of ranked pairs = the sum of Spearman s Rank Correlation Significance Graph and Table Critical values for rs 1.0 0.1p 5.0p 1.0p Significant Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient 0.8 0.6 0.4 99.9% Non-significant 99% 0.2 95% 0.1 4 6 8 10 25 50 100 Degrees of freedom [Number of ranked pairs (n) 2] Critical values of Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient, rs Significance level degrees of freedom 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 5542 0.05 (5%) 0.88 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.57 0.50 7 0.01 (1%) 1.00 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.65 [Turn over (ii) Explain why systematic sampling along each route, as shown in Resource 1D (see insert sheet), was selected as more appropriate than random sampling for this investigation. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] (iii) With reference to the Evaluation Matrix, Resource 1E, outline and explain any two limitations or weaknesses which may have influenced the reliability of the environmental quality data collected. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [6] 5542 8 [Turn over (c) Study Resource 1H which illustrates the actual and projected age distribution and median age of the population in the UK (between 1981 with projections to 2071). Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1H 100 100 Projected 75 and over 90 90 60 - 74 70 80 70 45 - 59 60 Median age 50 A B C 50 30 - 44 40 60 30 40 30 Percentage of total population Percentage of total population 80 15 - 29 20 20 10 10 0 - 14 0 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051 2061 0 2071 Year Key (Median age of population) A B C = 38.2 years (2002) = 43.3 years (2031) = 45.0 years (2041) Adapted from Population Trends Vol. 107 page 10 Office for National Statistics Crown Copyright (i) Explain how the median value of a data set is obtained. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 5542 9 [Turn over (ii) Using only Resource 1H, discuss why the median age of the population in the UK is projected to increase. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] 5542 10 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all three questions in this section 2 (a) In relation to population, distinguish between natural change and migration balance. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [3] (b) Study Resource 2A and 2B (on the next page) which show population pyramids for two regions in Canada (Newfoundland & Labrador and the Northwest Territories). Resource 2A International boundary Provincial boundary N.B. USA New Brunswick P.E.I. Beaufort Sea Prince Edward Island E GR Baffin Bay EN LA YUKON TERRITORY ND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NUNAVUT Labrador Sea Yellowknife BRITISH COLUMBIA ALBERTA NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR Hudson Bay MANITOBA Labrador SASKATCHEWAN St John s Vancouver Newfoundland CANADA P.E.I. QUEBEC ONTARIO N.B. Ottawa Toronto 0 km NOVA SCOTIA Montr al USA 800 North Atlantic Ocean CCEA 5542 11 [Turn over Resource 2B Age (years) MALE 97-100+ 93 - 96 89 - 92 85 - 88 81 - 84 77 - 80 73 - 76 69 - 72 65 - 68 61 - 64 57 - 60 53 - 56 49 - 52 45 - 48 41 - 44 37 - 40 33 - 36 29 - 32 25 - 28 21 - 24 17 - 20 13 -16 9 - 12 5- 8 0- 4 FEMALE Newfoundland & Labrador Canadian average BLANK PAGE 2 1 0 1 2 Percentage of the population Age (years) MALE FEMALE 97-100+ 93 - 96 89 - 92 85 - 88 81 - 84 77 - 80 73 - 76 69 - 72 65 - 68 61 - 64 57 - 60 53 - 56 49 - 52 45 - 48 41 - 44 37 - 40 33 - 36 29 - 32 25 - 28 21 - 24 17 - 20 13 -16 9 - 12 5- 8 0- 4 Northwest Territories Canadian average 2 1 0 1 2 Percentage of the population Statistics Canada Information is used with the permission of Statistics Canada. Users are forbidden to copy the data and redisseminate them, in an original or modified form, for commercial purposes, without permission from Statistics Canada. Information on the wide range of data from Statistics Canada can be obtained from Statistics Canada s Regional Offices, ots World Wide Web site at www.statcan.gc.ca and its toll free access number 1-800-263-1136 5542 12 [Turn over (i) Describe two differences in the population structure of the two regions in Canada, as shown in the population pyramids. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Suggest a possible reason for one of the differences you have described above. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (c) Population distribution is affected by physical and human resources. Describe how one physical resource has affected population distribution in the national case study you have studied. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [3] 5542 13 [Turn over 3 (a) Study Resource 3 showing pressures and opportunities on the western urban-rural fringe of London. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 3 M25 N 0 km Watford 3 Maple Cross Bushy Her tfor Gre dsh ate ir e rL ond on Chalfont St Peter Gerrard s Cross Black Park Langley Park LONDON Ivor Heath Greenbelt Dormitory fringe M40 Harefield F Bayhurst Wood Northolt Airport Urban area Uxbridge Reservoir Motorway Local authority boundary Extractive industry Slough Worked out pits M4 Datchet Existing workings Poyle Future sand and gravel workings Heathrow Colne Valley regional park Wraysbury Country park sh ur rey ire F Main areas of trespass damage Areas most suitable for disposal of refuse rk Be S Egham Open farm Staines Adapted with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from New Patterns: process and change in Human geography ISBN 0174386818 by Michael Carr rst published in 1997. 5542 14 [Turn over Using Resource 3, discuss the pressures and opportunities that may arise in the rural-urban fringe. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [6] 5542 15 [Turn over (b) With reference to an urban area you have studied, discuss the issues of social and economic deprivation in inner city areas of MEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [6] 5542 16 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5542 17 [Turn over 4 (a) Study Resource 4A which shows the pattern of Human Development Index across India in 2001 and Resource 4B which shows the pattern of the percentage of children underweight in India in 1999. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 4A The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average figures for life expectancy, enrolment in education and purchasing power. 75 E 90 E Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab 30 N Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Anchal Haryana Sikkim Meghalaya Assam Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan 30 N Nagaland Manipur Bihar West Bengal Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Tripura Orissa Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh 15 N Goa Karnataka 15 N Boundaries Human Development Index 0.523 - 0.638 International 0.424 - 0.522 Kerala Tamil Nadu Disputed 0.394 - 0.423 State 0.367 - 0.393 0 km 400 No Data 75 E 90 E Source: http://earthtrends.wri.org/povlinks/map/m_85.php 5542 18 [Turn over Resource 4B Examiner Only Marks 75 E Remark 90 E Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab 30 N Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Anchal Haryana Sikkim Meghalaya Assam Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan 30 N Nagaland Manipur Bihar West Bengal Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Tripura Orissa Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh 15 N Goa Percent of children underweight Karnataka 45.1 - 55.2 International Disputed 37.9 - 45.0 Kerala Tamil Nadu 15 N Boundaries State 28.7 - 37.8 0 km 400 20.7 - 28.6 75 E 90 E Source: http://earthtrends.wri.org/povlinks/map/m_104.php (i) Using Resources 4A and 4B, describe the pattern of Human Development Index in India in 2001 and discuss how this relates to the pattern of the percentage of underweight children in India in 1999. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [5] 5542 19 [Turn over (ii) The Human Development Index is a composite index of development. Evaluate one other composite index of development you have studied. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Distinguish between colonialism and neo-colonialism. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 5542 20 [Turn over Section C Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions from this section 5 Discuss the economic, social and political implications of the dependency ratios in MEDCs and LEDCs. [12] 6 Either (a) With reference to your case study, discuss how economic regeneration is delivered to a remote rural area by a regional development agency. [12] Or (b) With reference to a protected area you have studied, discuss the attempts to manage it for conservation, recreation and tourism. [12] 7 5542 Debt is an issue affecting many LEDCs. Outline some of the causes of such debt and discuss its impact on the development of LEDCs. 21 [12] [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 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Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5542 30 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 1312-038-1 RESOURCE 1D For use with question 1(b) Do not write your answers on the insert Site A1 Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland Discoverer Series Sheet 15 1:50,000 Site B1 Site A2 Site B2 Site A3 Site B3 A1 A2 Site A4 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 Site B4 B3 B4 B5 Site A5 5542.02 Site B5 This material is Crown Copyright and is reproduced with the permission of Land & Property Services under delegated authority from the controller of Her Majesty s Stationery Of ce Crown copyright and database rights ES & LA (No 202.7) Permit No. 100049

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Additional Info : Gce Geography January 2010 Assessment Unit AS 2 Human Geography - Revised
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