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GCE JAN 2009 : (AS 2) Human Geography - Revised

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Sp ec Ne i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2009 Geography assessing Human Geography AG121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AG121] FRIDAY 23 JANUARY, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Section A: candidates must answer this section. Section B: answer all three questions in this section. Section C: answer any two questions from this section. You should write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 5006 Section A Answer this section 1 (a) A geographer used Nearest Neighbour Analysis to investigate the distribution pattern of mobile telephone base stations throughout the Bangor area in Co. Down. A base station is used for the transmission of mobile telephone signals. The following hypothesis was devised: Hypothesis Mobile telephone base stations exhibit a significantly regular distribution pattern throughout the Bangor area. The map, Resource 1A, shows the distribution of mobile telephone base stations in Bangor and the table, Resource 1B on page 4, is a partially completed Nearest Neighbour Analysis of their distribution. (i) Using Resource 1A, complete the table, Resource 1B, by filling in the missing values. 5006 2 [Turn over 5006 3 [Turn over metres Resource 1A 25 Data used is Ofcom from Mobile Phone Base Station Database on www.sitefinder.ofcom.org.uk Main road Resource 1B Mobile Telephone Base Station 1 Distance (d) (km) 0.75 Nearest Neighbour Mobile Telephone Base Station 21 Nearest Neighbour Distance (d) (km) 0.05 2 3 0.20 22 21 0.05 3 2 0.20 23 24 0.25 4 3 0.20 24 25 0.05 5 6 0.05 25 24 0.05 6 7 0.04 26 27 0.32 7 6 0.04 27 26 0.32 8 4 0.22 28 9 10 0.43 29 32 0.10 10 9 0.43 30 31 0.05 11 12 0.15 31 30 0.05 12 11 0.15 32 31 0.06 13 14 0.05 33 34 0.10 14 13 0.05 34 33 0.10 15 17 0.43 35 36 0.03 16 17 0.14 36 37 0.01 17 16 0.14 37 36 0.01 18 17 0.53 38 35 1.40 19 39 0.70 39 7 0.63 20 23 0.80 0.55 Sum 9.88 Land area = 24.68 km2 5006 [3] 4 [Turn over (ii) In the space below, complete the Nearest Neighbour Analysis (Rn calculation) and state the type of distribution shown on Resource 1A. (The Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph are presented in Resource 1C on page 6). Comment on what this result indicates about the hypothesis stated. Calculation Examiner Only Marks Remark Land area = 24.68 km2 Rn = ___________________ Type of distribution _________________________________________________ Comment about hypothesis __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ [6] (iii) Explain how the size of this map area, shown in Resource 1A, influenced the type of distribution pattern found. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [2] 5006 5 [Turn over Resource 1C Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph Formula: n Rn = 2d A where d = the mean distance between nearest neighbours n = number of points A = area in question Significance Graph Rn values Regular 2.15 2.0 Significantly regular 1.5 Random Significantly random 1.0 0.5 Significantly clustered Clustered 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number of points (n) 5006 6 [Turn over (b) Study Resource 1D which illustrates the Clarence River delta in Marlborough, New Zealand. Add four labels to Resource 1E, a field sketch, to describe typical characteristics of the relief and river shown. [4] Resource 1D Resource 1E G. R. 'Dick' Roberts/NSIL/Visuals Unlimited 5006 7 [Turn over (c) Study Resource 1F, a table illustrating the contribution of agriculture, industry and services to the total GDP for a selection of countries. Resource 1G, on page 9, is a partially completed triangular graph to illustrate the data. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1F Country Number Country Name % Agriculture % Industry % Services 15 52 1 Benin 33 2 Mali 45 3 Chad 22 47 31 4 Ethiopia 49 13 38 5 France 6 Austria 2 31 67 7 UK 1 24 75 8 Germany 1 30 69 77 Source: adapted from CIA World Fact Book (i) Complete the table, Resource 1F, by filling in the missing values using the triangular graph (Resource 1G). [4] (ii) On the triangular graph, Resource 1G, plot accurately and label the point for Chad, using the data from Resource 1F. [3] (iii) Describe how this triangular graph can be used to identify contrasts between LEDCs and MEDCs. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [3] 5006 8 [Turn over Resource 1G Key % Agriculture % Industry % Services 100% 0 90 10 80 20 70 30 60 % ure 40 ult ric % tr y Ag us Ind 50 50 40 60 6 70 30 8 7 5 80 2 4 20 1 10 90 100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 100% % Services 5006 9 [Turn over (d) Researchers studying fertility in Belize, Central America, required a sample of 1000 people. After analysing Resource 1H, which shows the population characteristics of the country, they decided to use stratified sampling for their survey. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1H Ethnic Groups in Belize Population Number Percentage Mestizo 144 249 49 Creole 73 596 25 Maya 32 382 11 Garifuna 17 663 6 Other 26 495 9 Source: Adapted from www.cia.gov (2008 est) Define what is meant by stratified sampling and explain how it could be applied in this study in Belize. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [5] 5006 10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Section B starts overleaf) 5006 11 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer all three questions in this section 2 (a) Study Resource 2 showing age structure in the United Kingdom from 1981 2051 (projected). Resource 2 YOUNG DEPENDENTS AGED DEPENDENTS (0 15) (60+) % of working age people % of working age people 1981 37.1 29.7 1991 33.2 30.0 2001 32.6 29.8 2011 29.2 31.7 2031 28.6 38.2 2051 27.9 43.6 Source: adapted from www.optimumpopulation.org Outline the trends shown in Resource 2 and identify their economic implications. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [6] 5006 12 [Turn over (b) Distinguish between vital registration and the National Census and discuss the problems of collecting such data in MEDCs and LEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [6] 5006 13 [Turn over 3 (a) Study Resource 3 which shows the pattern of social deprivation in Birmingham in 1991. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 3 Deprivation Index High Sutton Four Oaks Sutton Sutton New Hall Oscott KingVesey standing Low Perry Erdington Barr Stockland Kingsbury Sandwell Green Handsworth Hodge Aston Washwood Hill Soho Shard Heath Nechells End City centre Ladywood Yardley SmallSpark- heath Sheldon Acocks brook Edgbaston Quinton Green Harborne Sparkhill Fox Hollies Moseley Bartley Selly Oak N Green Hall Weoley Green Bourneville Brandwood Billesley North- Kings field Norton New Text 0 Longbridge km 5 Urbanisation: Changing Environments by Corrin Flint and David Flint, 2001, ISBN 0007114273. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd Describe the pattern of social deprivation in Birmingham. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [2] 5006 14 [Turn over (b) Describe and explain the pattern of social and economic deprivation in a MEDC city you have studied. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [7] (c) Define counterurbanisation and discuss one effect it would have on a rural area. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [3] 5006 15 [Turn over 4 (a) Study Resource 4 showing the global pattern of the Human Development Index in 2007. Resource 4 HIGH MEDIUM LOW 0.950 and above 0.650 0.799 0.400 0.499 0.800 0.949 0.500 0.649 not available 0.399 and below Adapted from Data in UN Development Program's Human Development Report 2007/2008 reproduced with the permission of Palgrave MacMillan Describe the global pattern of development in 2007, as shown in Resource 4. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [2] 5006 16 [Turn over (b) Describe and evaluate one other composite measure of development. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [4] (c) Discuss the positive and negative effects of aid for development in LEDCs. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ [6] 5006 17 [Turn over Section C Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions from this section 5 With reference to a national case study, describe and explain how population structure, as shown by population pyramids, can change over time. [12] 6 Discuss, with reference to places for illustration, the issues faced in remote rural environments. [12] With reference to one national case study, describe and explain the regional contrasts in development. [12] 7 5006 18 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 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_____________________________________________________________________________ 5006 25 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 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_____________________________________________________________________________ 5006 26 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 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_____________________________________________________________________________ 5006 27 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 935-070-1

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Additional Info : Gce Geography January 2009 Assessment Unit AS 2 Human Geography - Revised
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