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GCE JUN 2010 : (AS 2) Human Geography - Revised

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Sp N ec e ifi w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2010 Geography assessing Human Geography AG121 Assessment Unit AS 2 [AG121] FRIDAY 4 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Section A: candidates must answer this section. Section B: answer all three questions in this section. You should write your answers for Section A and Section B in the spaces provided in this question paper. Section C: answer any two questions from this section. Write your answers to Section C on the lined pages at the end of this paper. You are provided with an insert sheet for use with question 2. Do not write your answers on this insert. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 5543 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer this section. 1 (a) Study Resource 1A which shows population totals for the states of the Central Region of Mexico. Resource 1A Number on map (Resource 1B) Central Mexican State Population Total 1 Federal District 8 500 000 2 Hidalgo 2 250 000 3 Morelos 1 500 000 4 Puebla 5 000 000 5 Queretaro 1 500 000 6 State of Mexico 7 Tlaxcalo 13 000 000 1 000 000 Figures rounded to nearest 250,000 Prof. R V Kemper http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/INEGI/INEGI_Mexico_Population_by_states_by_gender_1910-2000.htm (i) Using a dot distribution mapping technique, complete the key and map to show the population density of the Central Mexican states on Resource 1B. The key must illustrate the precise dot value. [7] 5543 2 [Turn over 5543 3 [Turn over 0 5 km N 6 100 3 1 2 7 4 Note: Mexico City is located within area 1 State boundary Resource 1B 400 km N Key: MEXICO USA Area of main map Guat. Hon. Bel. Bel. - Belize Guat. - Guatemala Hon. - Honduras (ii) Explain one disadvantage of a dot distribution technique for the mapping of population data. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (b) Study Resource 1C which is a satellite image of Mexico City and its surrounding environment. (i) Describe how the dominant landuse in grid square B2 differs from C2. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Using evidence from Resource 1C, outline and explain one factor which may have influenced the urban expansion of Mexico City. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 5543 4 [Turn over 5543 5 [Turn over 1 2 3 Toluca A B Mount Aiusco Xico Peak Mexico City Tlaloc Peak C Popocatepetl Iztaccihuatl Satellite image of Mexico City by Geology.com, composed with Landsat GeoCover from NASA Muneco Peak Central Peak Resource 1C The blue signifies ice whereas the pink tones mainly illustrate ash. VOLCANOES A red, pink and green pattern can signify farmland. Green represents vegetation and red/pink indicates bare soil. FARMLAND Mountains can be identified by their irregular topography and shaded relief. Mountains can vary in colour depending on vegetation cover. MOUNTAINS Forests typically appear as a lush green. FORESTS These can appear as black or rich blue depending on depth, sediment load and surface turbidity. Lago de Texcoco is evident to the East of the City. RIVERS AND LAKES Urban areas appear as purple or shades of pale blue. The image displays Toluca to the East of Mexico City. URBAN AREAS KEY (c) A geographer studying tourist service distribution in Florence, Italy mapped the distribution of museums in the centre of the city as illustrated in Resource 1E on page 7. Resource 1D below, is a partially completed Nearest Neighbour Analysis of their distribution. Resource 1D Museum Nearest Neighbour Distance (km) Museum Nearest Neighbour Distance (km) 1 2 0.064 17 16 0.121 2 1 0.064 18 19 0.157 3 4 0.057 19 20 0.086 4 3 0.057 20 19 0.086 5 2 0.186 21 20 0.200 6 7 0.186 22 20 0.179 7 6 0.186 23 24 0.107 0.134 24 23 0.107 8 9 10 0.143 25 27 0.071 10 9 0.143 26 10 0.179 11 12 0.143 27 25 0.071 0.043 28 29 0.236 12 13 12 0.043 29 28 0.236 14 18 0.378 30 22 0.278 15 16 0.136 31 16 17 0.121 0.321 Sum = 4.519 Area = 2.534 km2 (i) 5543 Examiner Only Marks Remark Using Resource 1E on page 7, complete Resource 1D by filling in the missing values. [3] 6 [Turn over N Santo Spirito 6 rno Co rsin i 28 Via D G 29 10 i 26 in rd cia uic rno Riv er A ga Lu n 9 7 Ponte Vecchio Palazzo Vecchio 16 Ponte Alle Grazie 24 Duomo 23 Gallerio Degli Uffizi 25 27 Piazza Della 8 San Lorenzo 17 Bargello 15 11 4 30 Via Palazzo Medici Riccardi 3 2 12 13 22 5 31 Street Main road Museum 21 18 no 14 0 metres 200 1 elle Grazie River Ar Lungarno D 20 19 V 1 enc i De iB e p pi V erd i ius 7 Via G a Resource 1E lan ia F ieso 5543 [Turn over (ii) In the space below, complete the Nearest Neighbour Analysis (Rn calculation) and state the type of distribution shown in Resource 1E. The Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and significance graph are presented in Resource 1F (on page 9). Examiner Only Marks Remark Area = 2.534km2 Show all calculations clearly Calculated Rn value ________________________________________ Type of Distribution _________________________________________ [5] (iii) Outline and explain one factor which influences the Rn value calculated and thus the geographical distribution pattern classified. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 5543 8 [Turn over Resource 1F Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph Formula: n Rn = 2d A where d = the mean distance between nearest neighbours n = number of points A = area in question Significance Graph Rn values Regular 2.15 2.0 Significantly regular 1.5 Random Significantly random 1.0 0.5 Significantly clustered Clustered 0 0 10 2 03 040 5 06 07 08 090 100 Number of points (n) 5543 9 [Turn over (d) Study Resource 1G which shows trade patterns for China for selected years. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 1G 8000 7619.5 Value of exports (US$100 million) 7000 6000 5000 EXPORTS 4000 3000 2492.0 2000 1487.8 1000 620.9 273.5 Value of imports (US$100 million) 0 1985 1990 422.5 1995 2000 2005 533.5 0 1000 2000 1320.8 2250.9 3000 4000 IMPORTS 5000 6000 6599.5 7000 Drawn using data obtained from www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2007/indexeh/htm 5543 10 [Turn over (i) Calculate the trade balance for China (export earnings minus import costs) in: 1985 __________________________________________ [1] Examiner Only Marks Remark 2005 __________________________________________ [1] (ii) For either 1985 or 2005, explain how such a trade balance could influence development. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 5543 11 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Answer all three questions in this section. 2 Marks Remark Study Resources 2A 2D (see insert sheet) showing population density, county boundaries, average annual hours of sunshine and average annual rainfall across Ireland. (a) (i) Using Resources 2A 2D, discuss how the pattern of population in Ireland is related to the patterns of average annual hours of sunshine and average annual rainfall. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Briefly discuss one human factor which may have influenced the pattern shown in Resource 2A. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 5543 12 [Turn over (b) Outline the main sources of population data and compare the reliability of such data in LEDCs and MEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [6] 5543 13 [Turn over 3 (a) Study Resources 3A 3C which show a map and a photograph of the Lake District National Park and monthly traffic flow at Waterhead, Ambleside. Resource 3A Aspatria N Caldbeck Maryport Cockermouth PENRITH WORKINGTON KESWICK A66 WHITEHAVEN Patterdale A591 Seatoller Grasmere St. Bees Eskdale Elterwater AMBLESIDE Waterhead WINDERMERE Staveley Hawkshead Coniston Ravenglass M6 B5284 Lake KENDAL Broughton-in - Furness Roads Railways A590 Traffic Counter Towns & Villages N National Park ULVERSTON GRANGEOVERSANDS Aspatria 10km Caldbeck Maryport Cockermouth 20000 Mean daily traffic flow PENRITH Resource 3B WORKINGTON KESWICK A66 15000 WHITEHAVEN Patterdale 10000 Seatoller Grasmere St. Bees 5000 0 A591 Image removed due to copyright issues AMBLESIDE Eskdale Elterwater Waterhead WINDERMERE M6 Hawkshead Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct StaveleyDec Nov Coniston Ravenglass B5284 Lake KENDAL Broughton-in - Furness Roads Railways A590 Traffic Counter ULVERSTON Towns & Villages National Park GRANGEOVERSANDS 10km Resource 3C: Monthly traffic flow, Waterhead, Ambleside A591 Mean daily traffic flow 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Lake District National Park Authority 5543 14 [Turn over (i) With reference to the Resources, describe how traffic may create problems for the management of the Lake District National Park. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [5] (ii) Discuss one other management issue (apart from traffic problems) likely to face those managing the countryside. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 5543 15 [Turn over (b) Discuss one issue arising from rapid urbanisation in LEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 5543 16 [Turn over 4 (a) Study Resource 4 showing the sources of overseas finance for LEDCs from high income countries in 2005. Examiner Only Marks Remark Resource 4 Bilateral aid 175 (Government) Remittances (expatriate workers) Foreign direct investment 150 (companies) Finance billion $US 125 100 75 50 25 M So u id th A dl s Su No e E ia b- rt as Sa h A t & ha fr ra ica n Af ric Ce a La nt tin ral A Ea th Am sia e er st As Car ica ib & ia b & th ean eP ac ifi c 0 Source: Adapted from World Bank 2007 (i) Compare and contrast the sources and amounts of overseas finance in the regions shown in 2005. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [5] 5543 17 [Turn over (ii) Describe the problems Sub-Saharan Africa may have in the future due to its reliance on bilateral aid. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Describe and evaluate one economic measure of development. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 5543 18 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5543 19 [Turn over Section C Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions from this section. 5 With reference to a national case study, describe and explain how population structure, as shown by population pyramids, has changed over time. [12] 6 With reference to a MEDC city you have studied, discuss the issues of its inner city. [12] 7 Discuss the contribution of those issues from the following list which are relevant to the development of your national LEDC case study. Aid Trade 5543 Globalisation Debt [12] 20 [Turn over Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 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Question Number Number your answers clearly _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5543 29 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 5543 n e c Ne ifi w ca tio Sp GCE Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Geography Assessment Unit AS 2 Summer 2010 Resource 2A Resource 2B Population Density in Ireland, 1992 1996 >1000 per km2 100 1000 N International boundary 50 99 N County boundary 40 49 Mayo 30 39 Londonderry Donegal Antrim County name Tyrone 20 29 <20 Fermanagh Monaghan Leitrim Mayo Down Armagh Sligo Cavan Louth Roscommon Longford Meath Westmeath Galway Dublin Offaly Kildare Laois Clare Wicklow Carlow Tipperary Limerick Kilkenny Wexford Kerry Waterford Cork 0 km 50 0 Do not write your answers on this insert 50 AG121INS Resource 2C Resource 2D Average Annual Hours of Sunshine in Ireland >1600 hours 1500 1600 km Average Annual Rainfall in Ireland N >2400 mm 2000 2400 1400 1499 1600 1999 1300 1399 1200 1599 1200 1299 800 1199 <1200 hours N <800 mm 0 km 50 http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/maps 5543.02 0 km 50

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Additional Info : Gce Geography June 2010 Assessment Unit AS 2 Human Geography - Revised
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