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ICSE Class X Notes 2021 : Physics (Madhusthali Vidyapeeth, Deoghar)

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Soumya Roy
Sikkim Manipal University (SMU), Gangtok
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Modern Physics The unit in which atomic and nuclear masses are measured is called atomic mass unit (amu). One amu is defined as 1/12th of the mass of an atom of isotope. i.e., 1 amu = 1.66 10-27 kg Atomic masses can be measured using a mass spectrometer. The different types of atoms of the same element which exhibit similar chemical properties, but have different masses are called isotopes. Isotopes are the atoms of an elements whose nuclei have the same number of protons, but have different number of neutrons. Isobars are the nuclei with the same mass number (A), but with different atomic numbers. Isotones are the atoms of different elements with the same atomic weight, but with different atomic numbers. Nucleus The nucleus has the positive charge possessed by the protons. For an element of atomic number Z, the total charge on an atomic electron is ( Ze), while the charge of the nucleus is (+Ze). The composition of a nucleus is described using the followings terms and symbols: Z = atomic number = number of protons N = neutron number = number of neutrons A = mass number = Z + N = total number of protons and neutrons

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