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ICSE Class X Question Bank 2026 : Geography

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Charith Vadthya
The Hyderabad Public School (HPS), Begumpet, Hyderabad
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The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet Geography Worksheet - Class 10 The climate of India 1)Mention some important factors affecting the climate of India. The Himalayas: It protects India from the cold bitter winds that blow from Central Asia and obstructs the moisture laden winds bringing plenty of rainfall to the Northern plains. Distance from Sea: Places close to the Sea have moderate or maritime type of climate and places away from the sea have continental climate. Latitude: Places located in South India have tropical climates whereas places located in the Northern part of India have a Temperate climate. Altitude: Temperature decreases with the increase in the altitude of the place. It decreases 1 c for every 166 m of ascent. So places situated at higher altitude have cooler temperatures throughout the year. Western Disturbances: The North Western part of India is getting affected by the westerly winds arising from the Mediterranean Sea and brings winter rainfall. Varied Relief : Western part of Western Ghats gets rainfall from South-West monsoon winds of the Arabian Sea branch as it lies on the windward side of the western ghats whereas the Eastern part of Western Ghats is in the rain shadow region. Example : Deccan plateau. Air currents or Jet Stream: Jet streams are cold fast air currents blowing in the upper layer of the atmosphere. The arrival and departure of SW monsoon is influenced by it.Highest rainfall occurs along the track of easterly jet streams. Monsoon winds- summer monsoons bring rain to the whole of South Asia - June- Sept. Retreating monsoon causes rain to east coast in Oct- Nov North East Monsoon - causes winter rain to East coast El- Nino- a warming up of ocean water & affects the movement of monsoons in the Indian Ocean & causes drought-like conditions in the Indian subcontinent. Influence of surrounding seas- Indian ocean, Arabian sea & Bay of Bengal have a great influence on monsoons. These water bodies provide moisture to SWM & bring heavy raincloser to sea- moderate climate. 2) Study the table & answer the following : Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temp 15.4 19.5 24.9 29.6 31.5 31.7 30 29.2 29.1 27.7 22.5 17.2 Rain Cm 11 14 10 13 45 165 355 280 200 50 7 6 Month (i) Calculate the annual rainfall. (ii) Name the season or the wind which gives abundant rain. (iii) Name the station. (iv) What is the annual range of temperature? 3) Name the four seasons of India. A) i) Hot and Dry Summer (March to May) ii) Rainy Season or South West Monsoon (June to Sept) iii) The retreating South West Monsoon (Oct to Nov) iv) The Cold and Dry Winter (Dec to Feb) 4)What do you understand by : a)Burst of Monsoon-The sudden approach of moisture laden winds accompanied by violent thunder and lightning in the first week of June is known as the breaking or burst of monsoon. b)Break of Monsoon- The dry period in the rainy season called Break of monsoon occurs when SWM fails to bring rain for a week or so. c) Loo Winds Ans) The hot and dry winds that blow in the northern plains of India in summer are called loo. d)Kal Baisakhi or Nor-Westers Kal Baishaki (Calamity in the month of Baishakh) or Nor-Westers is the local name of the thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds and heavy rainfall occurs in West Bengal which is beneficial for rice & jute. In Assam they are known as Bardoli Chheerha beneficial for tea here. 5) What is October heat? How is it caused? A) The oppressive weather in the second half of October is called October Heat. The reasons for this heat are conditions of high temperature and humidity. 6) What are Western Disturbances? Where do they originate? A) Western Disturbances are shallow cyclonic depressions experienced during winters. They originate over the Mediterranean Sea during winters & cause rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Western UP & snowfall in Jammu & Kashmir 7) What is meant by the 'Season of Retreating Monsoon'? State the pressure system over the land & water body. A) The withdrawal of the South-West monsoon in the month of October and November is called the season of retreating monsoon. Land -High pressure / seas low pressure. 8) Why does Kanyakumari experience an equable climate? A) Kanyakumari experiences an equable climate because it is located at 8 North Latitude. The location is close to the equator.On the equator the sun rays are almost vertical throughout the year. Hence, there is not much difference in the temperature. Located along the coast so influenced by the water body. 9) Give a reason to justify that Himalayas act as a 'Climatic Divide'? A) The Himalayas act as a climatic divide by trapping the rain-bearing winds in the summer and causing them to shower their moisture over huge parts of land located south of it, mainly the Gangetic plains. They block the cold winds coming from Central Asia & thus prevent freezing conditions in Northern India. (10) Study the climate data given below and answer the questions that follow: Station A Month J F Temperature in C. 14.4 16.7 23.3 30.0 33.3 33.3 30.0 29.4 28.9 25.6 19.4 15.6 Rainfall in Cms 2.5 Temperature in C. 24.4 24.4 26.7 28.3 30.0 28.9 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.8 27.2 25.0 1.5 M 1.3 A 1.0 M 1.8 J 7.4 J A S O 19.3 17.8 17.8 1.3 N 0.2 D 1.6 B Rainfall in Cms 0.2 0.2 - - 1.8 50.6 61.0 36.9 4.8 4.8 1.0 - i) Calculate the annual rainfall in Station A. A) The annual rainfall in station A is 73.5 cm. It is calculated by adding the rainfall received in the year. ii) What is the annual range of temperature in Station B? A) The annual range of temperature in Station B is 5.6 C .It is the difference between the highest and lowest rainfall in a year. iii) In which Hemisphere do you think station A lies? A) Station A lies in the Northern Hemisphere. iv) Which of these stations have an equable type of climate? Why? A) Station B has an equable type of climate as the annual range of temperature is very less. v) Which is the driest month in Station A? A) November. 11) State two differences between tropical cyclone and temperate cyclone Tropical cyclone Temperate cyclone Occur in summer. Occurs in winter. Originate in the tropical seas- Bay of Bengal Cause heavy rainfall with more destruction Give reasons for the following: Originate over land & Mediterranean sea Moderate rain which is useful for wheat or rabi crops. 1) Though Mangalore and Mysore are on the same latitude, Mangalore gets more rainfall than Mysore. A) Mangalore receives more rainfall than Mysore since it lies on the Western side of Western Ghats which is the windward Side of the Western Ghats with respect to the Arabian Sea branch of the summer monsoons. Mysore, is on the leeward or rain shadow region of the Western Ghats and hence gets low or less rainfall. 2) It is cooler on Mountain slopes than in the plains during summer. A) The temperature decreases with the increase in altitude. Hence, mountain slopes are cooler than plains. 3) Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur. A) Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur because it is situated near the coast and is affected by the Sea Breeze, and has a maritime type of climate. Whereas Kanpur is in the interior part of the country, it has continental type of climate. 4) Rajasthan receives very less rainfall / Thar is a desert. A) Rajasthan receives very less rainfall as the Aravallis run parallel to the south west monsoon wind of the Arabian Sea branch. The Bay of Bengal branch loses its moisture by the time it reaches Aravallis. 5) Western Coastal plains receive more rainfall than the Eastern coastal plains. A) The Western Coastal plains receive more rainfall than the Eastern coastal plains because it is on the windward side of Western Ghats & they get direct onset of SWM Arabian Sea Branch. The Eastern Coastal plains receive less rainfall as the Bay of Bengal Branch of South West monsoon blows parallel to the Eastern Ghats, which fail to form a climatic divide. 6) Patna/ Kolkata gets more rainfall than Varanasi/ Delhi/ Lucknow A) Patna gets more rainfall because it lies in the lower Ganga valley & whereas Varanasi lies in upper Ganga valley. By the time SWM reaches Varanasi moisture content decreases. 7) Shimla experiences snowfall during winters and Ooty does not. A) Shimla is located at much higher altitude than Ooty, Himalayas. It experiences snowfall due to western disturbances. Ooty is located in the Nilgiris in the south which are lower hills & also it is closer to the equator. 8) Winter monsoons bring less rain. A) NEM / winter monsoons blow from land to sea as low pressure prevails over sea & a high pressure on land 11) Differentiate between South west monsoon & Retreating monsoon South west monsoon Retreating monsoon On- shore/ from sea to land Off- shore / land to sea June- September Oct- Nov Widespread rain to whole of India Rain to East coast/TN coast/ Coromandel coast Name the following: a)Place in India which receives the highest rainfall. Mawsynram in Cherrapunji. b)State where the above is situated. Meghalaya. C)Winds responsible for the rainfall in India. The south-west monsoon winds the Bay of Bengal branch. Q Explain the phenomenon of South West Monsoon. The summer monsoons blow over the Arabian Sea from the South West.There s a low pressure on land & high pressure over the water body & wind always blows from HP to LP ( Sea to land). SWM are South East Trade winds deflected to the right due to the Coriolis force & reach West Coast as SWM. d) Mention different sources of rainfall in Punjab & Tamil Nadu during winters. A) Punjab : Western Disturbances Tamil Nadu : NEM winds, Retreating Monsoon 12) Write the main features of rainfall in India. 70% o f the rain that occurs over three months & the rest of the dry. Rainfall is orographic in nature - windward gets more rain & leeward side less. Rainfall is erratic as its occurrence cannot be predicted. Uneven distribution of rainfall. 13) Name two places which get more than 200 cm of rain. A) Western slopes of Western Ghats, Meghalaya Hills, Southern slopes of Eastern Himalayas. 14) Name two places which get less than 50 cm. A) Western Rajasthan, Southern Punjab, Northern Kashmir. 15) Why does India experience a Tropical Monsoon type of climate? State the main characteristics of this type of climate. A) India experiences a Tropical Monsoon type of climate because it lies in a tropical belt & it is influenced by monsoon winds which are largely confined to the tropics i.e., between 20 N to 20 S.The main feature is that India experiences high temperatures in summer & winters are dry. 16) The Northern India/plains experiences what type of climate? State the main characteristics of it. A) Continental type. Summers are very hot & severe cold winters. 17) Which areas of India receive rainfall from western Disturbances? Why is this rainfall important? A) North western part of India- Punjab, Haryana, Jammu Kashmir snowfall.Rainfall benefits rabi crop- wheat. 18) Patna gets heavier rainfall than Varanasi. Give a reason. A) SWM Bay of Bengal branch loses moisture as it moves towards the interior of the continent( east to west). Patna is located in the lower Ganga valley- closer to sea. 19) Relief plays a dominant role in distribution of rainfall in India. Give a reason. A) The windward slopes of western ghats receive more rainfall, while the leeward slope remains dry. 20) Chennai receives less rainfall than Thiruvananthapuram/Mumbai although it has more rainy days. Give a reason. A) Chennai receives rain from North East monsoons during winters & Retreating Monsoon Oct & Nov is generally dry . SWM Bay of Bengal branch is parallel to the East coast and gets very little rain. 21) Central Maharashtra receives very little rain. A) It lies in the rain shadow region of western Ghats. 22) The rainfall in Mawsynram is more than in Shillong , although they are very close to each other. Give a reason. A) Mawsynram is on the windward side of Khasi hills while Shillong is on the leeward wide. 23) During October the weather becomes oppressive. Why? A) Due to withdrawal of SWMs, which leads to clear cloudless sky, high temperature & high humidity during October. 24) What is the direction of the summer monsoon & why does it blow in this direction? A) The summer monsoons blow from the South West because there s high pressure in Arabian Sea & there s intense low pressure in the Northern western part of India. Since pressure in the ocean is high , it attracts SE trade winds. 25) Explain the rain shadow area with an example. A) The leeward side of the mountain which receives less or no rainfall. For ex. The Deccan plateau receives less rain as SWM Arabian sea branch showers rain to the western coastal plains receive more rain. Note: Annual temperature/ rainfall add all the 12 months Average temperature- add the 12 months temp & divide it by 12. Annual range of temperature Highest minus the lowest. Total amount of monsoon rainfall adds four months of rain-June, July, August & September. Do not forget to write the units To find the season/ wind check in which months rainfall occurs

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