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UK GCSE 2010 : Geography - Revised , Foundation Tier, Unit 2: Living in our World

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Sp N ec e i w ca tio n Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 Geography Unit 2: Living in Our World Foundation Tier [GGG21] THURSDAY 17 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all questions. You are provided with an O.S. map for use with Question 1. Do not write your answers on this map. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions requiring extended answers. For Examiner s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 Total Marks 6268 Theme A: People and Where They Live 1 (a) Study Fig. 1 which shows world population growth from 1700 2150. Answer the questions which follow. 12 Population (billions) Examiner Only Marks Remark LEDCs 10 MEDCs 8 6 4 2 0 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 Year Geography for CCEA by Kay Clarke, Lynda Francis and Peter Corr published by Hodder Education. Reproduced by permission of Hodder Education Fig. 1 (i) 6 Complete the paragraph taking your answers from the list below . MEDCs quickly 2 steadily 2050 LEDCs 2150 10 The world s population grew ________________ from 1700 to 1950 when it passed ________________ billion. Since then the greatest increase has been in the ________________. The world s population is expected to pass 10 billion by ________________. [4] (ii) State the meaning of the term migration. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 6268 2 [Turn over (iii) Name a region of in-migration you have studied. Describe one consequence of in-migration in this region. Examiner Only Marks Remark Name of region of in-migration _________________________ [1] Consequence ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (iv) State one advantage of using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain migration information about an area. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 6268 3 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 2 which shows a population pyramid for Burundi in 2009. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark US Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php Fig. 2 Using Fig. 2 complete the sentences below by underlining the correct word from the words in the brackets. As the pyramid sides curve in sharply from the base, life expectancy would appear to be (high/low). The wide base suggests that Burundi has a (high/low) birth rate. 6268 In Burundi more (males/females) survive to old age. The pyramid shape is typical of a (MEDC/LEDC). [4] 4 [Turn over (c) Study the Ordnance Survey extract of Durham in England and answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark The map below in Fig. 3 is a map of Durham (GR 2742). It shows the city in 1610. River Bridge Castle Source: http://upload.wikipedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Durham_1610.jpg Fig. 3 (i) State and explain one factor which may have influenced the original choice of this site for Durham. Factor ___________________________________________ [1] ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Using the Ordnance Survey Map state the straight line distance from the park and ride area at 307446 to the bus and coach station in the centre of Durham at 269426. ______________________ km [2] 6268 5 [Turn over Examiner Only (iii) Sherburn (GR 3142) and Sacriston (GR 2447) are two smaller settlements close to Durham. On the list below underline the direction of Sherburn from Sacriston. West South East North Marks Remark West [1] (iv) Underline the approximate area of Sherburn (GR 3142) on the list below. 0.75 km2 2 km2 5 km2 [1] (v) Complete Table 1 by arranging the following settlements in order of size beginning with the largest. Durham (GR 2742) Sherburn (GR 3142) Edmondsley (GR 2349) Sacriston (GR 2447) T able 1 Rank Order Settlement 1 2 3 4 [4] (vi) Underline the term below which means the arrangement of settlements by size and importance. functional zones 6268 settlement hierarchy distribution 6 [1] [Turn over (vii) Complete Table 2 to show which services are available in Sacriston (GR 2447) and Edmondsley (GR 2349). The services in Durham (GR 2742) have been completed for you. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 2 Settlement Post Office Durham Sacriston Church Public house Edmondsley 2 or more roads Bus School Station Hospital [4] (viii) Complete the sentences below by underlining the correct word in the brackets. The larger the settlement the (fewer/more) services it will have. The settlement with the largest sphere of influence is (Durham/ Edmondsley). (Sacriston/Edmondsley) has the threshold population needed for a school to exist. Edmondsley is a (city/town/village) which provides (high/low) order services. [5] 6268 7 [Turn over (d) Study Table 3 which shows the percentage of the world s population living in urban areas at dif ferent times. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 3 Percentage of the World Population living in Urban Areas 1950 2000 2030 estimated MEDCs 55 76 84 LEDCs 18 40 56 Tables from Geog GCSE by Anna King et al (OUP, 2006), copyright Oxford University Press 2006, reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press (i) Describe the changes in the percentage of world population living in urban areas. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Explain why many people move into cities in LEDCs. Only one reason is needed. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Underline the word in the list below which means the movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to live in cities. Urbanisation Urban 6268 Sprawl Counterurbanisation 8 [1] [Turn over (e) Many people who move into cities in LEDCs live in shanty towns. Describe and explain one location of a shanty town in a LEDC city you have studied. Examiner Only Marks Remark LEDC City ____________________________________________ [1] Location of Shanty Town __________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 6268 9 [Turn over Theme B: Contrasts in World Development 2 (a) Examiner Only Marks Remark Study Table 4 which shows development information on three countries. Answer the questions which follow. Table 4 Development Indicators Name of Country GNP per capita $US Literacy rate % Life expectancy at birth (years) LEDC/ MEDC Mali 1090 24 48 LEDC UK 36,130 99 79 MEDC Norway 58,500 99 81 Carl Haub and Mary Mederios Kent, 2009 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, 2009). Used with permission http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf (i) Name the country on Table 4 with the lowest literacy rate. _________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Complete Table 4 to indicate Norway as a LEDC/MEDC. [1] (iii) Give one reason why poor countries have a low life expectancy . ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (iv) Underline the development indicator which combines all the indicators shown on Table 4. PQLI 6268 HDI GNP [1] 10 [Turn over (v) List two factors which might hinder (make it hard) for a country to develop. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (b) (i) State the meaning of the term globalisation. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Globalisation affects many countries. 1 Name of LEDC or NIC you have studied. _________________________________________________ [1] 2 Explain one way in which globalisation has helped this country to develop. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 3 Explain one way in which globalisation has hindered this country s development. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] 6268 11 [Turn over (c) Study Fig. 4 which shows an advertisement for Fairtrade fortnight in 2010. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark We want over one million people to join us in the big swap. During Fairtrade Fortnight swap your usual shopping items and buy Fairtrade items, like sugar, clothes, bananas and even footballs! Fairtrade Foundation http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/thebigswap Fig. 4 (i) State the meaning of the term Fairtrade. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name one type of Fairtrade food mentioned in Fig. 4. _________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain how Fairtrade can help LEDCs. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 6268 12 [Turn over (d) Giving information about one sustainable project you have studied, explain how appropriate technology can be used to improve conditions in a LEDC. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [4] 6268 13 [Turn over Theme C: Managing Our Resources 3 (a) Examiner Only Marks Remark Study Fig. 5 which shows the global annual consumption of energy per person. Answer the questions which follow. Ireland U.S.A Annual Consumption of Energy Per Person Brazil In kilograms of oil equivalent Namibia Less than 100 100 1,000 1,001 2,000 2,001 5,000 More than 5,000 No data N 0 1000 2000 miles Scale: 1 to 155,005,000 0 1000 2000 3000 kilometers Fig. 5 Study Fig. 5 which shows some ways in which oil is used. (i) Use Fig. 5 to complete Table 5 (one has been completed for you). Table 5 COUNTRY ANNUAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY PER PERSON (kg) Ireland U.S.A. Brazil Namibia Less than 100 [3] 6268 14 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 6 which shows images relating to the use of oil. Answer the questions which follow. Number of cars Home Heating Systems Electricity Production Ian Britton/FreeFoto Fig. 6 (i) Examiner Only Marks Remark Explain why the use of oil varies across the world. Use one example from Fig. 6 in your answer. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Underline the type of resource that oil is an example of. Non-renewable Renewable Reuseable [1] (iii) State one renewable energy source in a MEDC. Explain one problem that it caused. Name of MEDC _____________________________________ [1] Renewable energy source ____________________________ [1] PROBLEM ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 6268 15 [Turn over (c) Study Fig. 7 which shows the number of tourists to each region across the world. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark International Tourist Arrivals, 1950 2020 Number of tourists (millions) 1,600 1,400 South Asia 1,200 1,000 800 600 Middle East Africa 995 m East Asia/Pacific Americas Europe 400 200 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year 2000 2010 2020 m = million UNWTO, 9284404010. Tourism 2020 Vision, Volume 6, South Asia, page 9 Fig. 7 (i) Using Fig. 7 state the name of the region with the least number of tourists in 2010. _________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Using Fig. 7 underline the total amount of tourists who travelled in 2010. 995 6268 99,500,000 995,000,000 16 [1] [Turn over (d) Study Table 6 which shows statements about the impacts tourism can have on an area. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Draw an arrow to match up each statement to its impact. Table 6 CULTURAL IMPACT ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT Jobs are created in the area. Tourism helps us see how other people live. Tourists may disrespect local customs. Money gets invested into an area [3] (ii) Explain why tourism has grown globally since 1950. Only one reason is needed. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] 6268 17 [Turn over (e) Study Fig. 8 which shows recycling rates for a Council District in Northern Ireland. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark 50 45 40 % waste recycled 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Mar 06 Apr Jun 06 Jul Sep 06 Oct Dec 06 Time Jan Mar 07 Apr Jun 07 Jul Sep 07 Fig. 8 Source: Omagh District Council Recycling Guide 2008/09 (i) Underline the correct answer from the statements below . Fig. 8 is an example of a line/bar graph Recycling rates have increased/decreased over time. The highest % of waste recycled is 56%/45% [3] (ii) From the list below underline two non-sustainable forms of waste management that this Council could use. COMPOSTING LANDFILL 6268 INCINERATION REUSE PRODUCTS 18 [2] [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION P APER Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for . In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 110164

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