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UK GCSE 2007 : Physics Higher Tier, Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 2 Higher Tier G7605 Science: Physics [G7605] WEDNESDAY 20 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 45 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 125. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Question 2(a)(i). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G762H7 2328 Marks 1 (a) The diagram below shows a hovercraft of mass 8 tonnes. The hovercraft is stationary and is floating on a cushion of air at a constant height above the surface of the sea. Examiner Only Marks Remark Upward force from air cushion Weight (i) Calculate the weight of the hovercraft. Take 1 tonne as 1000 kg. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Weight = _____________ N [2] (ii) What can you say about the sizes of the weight and the upward force on the hovercraft? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] G762H7 2328 2 [Turn over When the thrust from the hovercraft s engines increases to 2000 N, the hovercraft moves forward at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Examiner Only Marks Remark Upward force from air cushion Thrust from the engines Weight (iii) The forward thrust from the engines is now increased to 3600 N. Assuming that the sizes of the other forces on the hovercraft are unchanged, show clearly that the acceleration of the hovercraft is 0.2 m/s2. [5] (iv) In practice, when the thrust is 3600 N, the acceleration of the hovercraft is less than the value calculated in part (iii). What happens to the forces opposing the motion as the forward speed of the hovercraft increases? ____________________________________________________ [1] (b) Tick ( ) the appropriate boxes in the table below to show the quantities which have direction and those which do not. Quantity has direction Quantity does not have direction Distance Velocity Displacement Speed [2] G762H7 2328 3 [Turn over (c) A bullet, fired vertically from a pistol, rises to a maximum height of 1875 m above a planet in a time of 25 seconds. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Calculate the average speed of the bullet during this time. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Average speed = _____________ m/s [4] (ii) Using your answer to part (i), or otherwise, calculate the maximum speed of the bullet. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Maximum speed = _____________ m/s [3] The bullet then takes another 25 seconds to fall back to the planet s surface. Velocity in m/s (iii) Sketch a graph below to show how the velocity of the bullet changes during the entire motion. Label the graph P and write the significant numbers on the velocity axis. 0 Time in seconds 50 25 [4] G762H7 2328 4 [Turn over (iv) What is the average velocity of the bullet over the entire distance travelled? Examiner Only Marks Remark Average velocity = _____________ [1] (v) Give a reason for your answer to part (iv). _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (vi) Find the acceleration due to gravity on this planet. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Acceleration due to gravity = _____________ m/s2 [3] (vii) On the grid opposite, sketch a graph to show how the velocity of the bullet would have changed with time if the same experiment had been carried out on Earth. Label the graph E. [2] G762H7 2328 5 [Turn over 2 (a) Jane carried out the following experiment using two copper cylinders, identical in shape and size, each with the same sized hole drilled along its axis. She placed a thermometer in each of the holes. Each cylinder had a different surface as shown in the diagram below. Thermometer Bunsen flame Copper cylinder with a shiny surface Copper cylinder with a black surface A lit Bunsen burner was placed between the cylinders equidistant from them and readings taken on both thermometers at one-minute intervals. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) After a time, the two thermometers showed different readings. Explain fully why this happened, indicating which thermometer showed the higher temperature. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] Quality of written communication G762H7 2328 [2] 6 [Turn over (ii) Use the results of this experiment to explain why aluminium foil is sometimes spread over the surface of a meal cooking in an oven. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] (b) (i) State the Principle of Conservation of Energy. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The efficiency of a machine is always less than 1. Explain how this does not contradict the Principle of Conservation of Energy. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) A hawk, of mass 400 g, is hovering at a height of 50 m above the surface of a lake. Finding a suitable prey, it folds its wings and drops like a stone. Ignoring air resistance, calculate the maximum speed at which it enters the water. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Maximum speed = _____________ m/s [5] G762H7 2328 7 [Turn over (d) A ball is dropped from a height so that it bounces on a smooth concrete floor. The height, H, from which it is dropped is measured. The height, Y, of the first bounce is also measured. Examiner Only Marks Remark Ball dropped from this height Ball bounces to this height H Y The ball is dropped from the same height a number of times and the height Y is measured in each case. The average value of Y is calculated. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below. Height, H, from which the ball is dropped in m The height, Y, of the first bounce in m 0.3 0.24 0.6 0.48 0.9 0.72 1.2 0.96 1.5 1.20 (i) Why is it good experimental practice to repeat measurements and take an average? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) The mass of the ball is 0.05 kg. Calculate the potential energy converted into other forms when the ball is dropped from a height of 0.6 m, and bounces to a height of 0.48 m. Potential energy converted to other forms = ______________________ [3] G762H7 2328 8 [Turn over A graph of the potential energy at the top of the first bounce against the initial potential energy (x-axis) is shown below. The graph is a straight line that passes through the origin. 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 Potential energy at top of 1st bounce in J 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Initial potential energy in J Examiner Only (iii) What does the graph tell you about the ratio: Marks Remark Potential energy at the top of the first bounce Initial potential energy _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iv) What percentage of the initial potential energy is always converted into heat and sound? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Percentage = _____________ % [1] G762H7 2328 9 [Turn over 3 (a) The sound waves produced by a vibrating tuning fork can be studied using a microphone connected to an oscilloscope (C.R.O.) as shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark C.R.O. Tuning fork Microphone The diagram below shows the waveform seen on the screen of the oscilloscope when the tuning fork is made to vibrate. Time = 0.01 seconds (i) Calculate the frequency of the sound wave produced by the tuning fork. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Frequency = _____________ [5] G762H7 2328 10 [Turn over (ii) The speed of sound is 340 m/s. Using your answer to part (i), calculate the wavelength of the sound emitted by the tuning fork. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Wavelength = _____________ m [3] (iii) The tuning fork is now replaced by one that produces a sound of half the frequency. On the grid below sketch the pattern that would be seen with this tuning fork. The pattern produced by the first tuning fork is shown. [2] (b) A sound wave travels through the air. (i) Describe, carefully, the motion of the air molecules as the sound wave passes. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G762H7 2328 11 [Turn over (ii) The graph below shows how the displacement of an air molecule changes with time. Mark on the graph the amplitude of the air molecule s motion. Examiner Only Marks Remark + Displacement Time [1] (iii) If the amplitude of the air molecule s motion becomes less, how would you become aware of this? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Explain why the displacement of the air molecule is sometimes positive (+) and at other times negative ( ). _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) The Sun produces enormous amounts of energy in a continuous process of nuclear explosions. Explain why we can receive some of the light produced in these explosions but we cannot hear these explosions. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G762H7 2328 12 [Turn over (c) The reflection of sound waves (echo) can be used to measure distance. The length of a room can be found using a device that emits a pulse of sound and times how long it takes to return. This is then converted to a distance and displayed on the screen of the device. The displayed distance is the length of the room. Outgoing sound wave Examiner Only Marks Remark Re ected sound wave (i) The diagram shows such a device and the distance displayed for a particular room. If the speed of sound is 340 m/s, how long does it take the sound to travel from the device to the opposite wall? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Time = _____________ [4] G762H7 2328 13 [Turn over (ii) When the user of the device presses a button the sound emitted by the device is a pulse, i.e. a short burst of sound followed by silence. Explain why a continuous sound would not work with this device. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (d) The diagram shows sound waves approaching an open doorway. By drawing the shape of the sound waves, after they pass through the doorway, explain how a person standing at the point X can hear the sound. What is this process called? Sound waves X _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] G762H7 2328 14 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G762H7 2328 15 [Turn over 4 (a) The diagram below represents a simple electromagnetic relay along with its two electric circuits. D Water pump Contacts Iron armature Circuit B S Circuit A (i) Describe what happens, in circuit A, in the relay and in circuit B, when the switch S is closed. Soft iron core Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [5] (ii) What type of material should part D be made of? __________________________ [1] (iii) Explain why this type of material is essential for part D. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G762H7 2328 16 [Turn over (iv) Why is the core of the relay made from iron rather than copper? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (b) The diagram below shows a coil of insulated copper wire carrying an electric current. The arrows show the direction of the current in the wire. (i) Mark the south pole of the coil with an S. [1] (ii) On the diagram, carefully draw the shape and direction of the magnetic field pattern produced by the current. [3] G762H7 2328 17 [Turn over (c) A strong permanent magnet is placed inside a coil of insulated copper wire (Step 1). Examiner Only Marks Remark Permanent magnet Step 1 The ends of the coil are now attached to a sensitive ammeter (Step 2). Permanent magnet Step 2 Sensitive ammeter (i) Will an electric current be detected on the ammeter? Give a reason for your answer. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Using no extra equipment, describe how you could make a current flow in the ammeter. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iii) With the same equipment, what must be done to make the current larger? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Explain why the current would be larger. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) Name the process used to produce electric currents in this way. __________________________________________________ [1] G762H7 2328 18 [Turn over (d) The diagram represents a transformer with a primary coil of 90 turns and a secondary coil of 300 turns. Primary coil Examiner Only Marks Remark Secondary coil (i) What type of operating voltage does a transformer use? __________________________ [1] (ii) What name is given to the type of transformer shown above? __________________________ [1] (iii) The voltage connected to the primary coil is 12 V. Calculate the output voltage of this transformer. Output voltage = _____________ V [4] G762H7 2328 19 [Turn over 5 (a) Most physicists believe that the universe began several billion years ago in an explosion known as the Big Bang. Examiner Only Marks Remark Describe and explain one observation that supports the Big Bang Theory. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] (b) Gravity is an important force in the universe. (i) What property of an object gives rise to gravitational force? __________________________ [1] (ii) The diagram shows a planet orbiting a star. Mark on the diagram, using arrows, the directions of the gravitational force that each exerts on the other. Planet [2] Star The first planets to be found around nearby stars, other than our Sun, have never been seen. Instead, astronomers have discovered them indirectly, inferring the existence of an unseen companion through its effects on the star itself. (iii) Apart from orbiting a star, state one other difference between a star and a planet. __________________________________________________ [1] G762H7 2328 20 [Turn over When a planet passes in front of a star it is said to transit the star. During the time it passes in front of the star the planet blocks some of the light from the star. Examiner Only Marks Remark (iv) Complete the graph below to show how the brightness of the star viewed by an astronomer on the earth changes as the planet transits the star. Star Planet Brightness Time [2] (v) What measurement does the astronomer need to make, to measure the time it takes the planet to orbit the star? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (vi) Over 100 such planets have been discovered. However, all are many light years from the Earth. What is a light year? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (vii)Travel to such planets in a human lifetime is not possible. How might scientists, on the Earth, detect that a civilisation similar to our own exists on distant planets? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G762H7 2328 21 [Turn over (c) Our solar system is believed to have been formed from a nebula. Various stages in the formation of the solar system are shown in the diagrams below. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) This is the original nebula. What is a nebula? ________________________________ [1] (ii) The material in the nebula begins to come closer together. What force is causing this to happen? ________________________________ [1] (iii) As the material is compressed a young star (protostar) begins to form at the centre. It is not yet hot enough to emit visible light. What type of electromagnetic radiation does it mostly emit? ________________________________ [1] (iv) Some of the material comes together to form smaller clumps that orbit around the protostar. What will these smaller clumps eventually form? ________________________________ [1] Source: http://cougar.jpl.nasa.gov/HR47GRAPHICS/seq2.jpg G762H7 2328 22 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G762H7 2328 23 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 2/06 7-015-1 [Turn over

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