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UK GCSE 2006 : Physics Foundation Tier, Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 2 Foundation Tier G7603 Science: Physics [G7603] WEDNESDAY 21 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Question 2(c)(ii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G762F6 977 Marks 1 The diagram shows the structure of an electric bell. Examiner Only Marks Remark Springy metal strip Y Contact screw X Gong Hammer (a) (i) What names are given to the parts labelled X and Y in the diagram? X = ______________________ Y = ______________________ [2] (ii) Of what material is part X normally made? Explain fully the reason(s) for your answer. Material ________________________ Reason(s) _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G762F6 977 2 [Turn over (iii) Describe, fully, why the hammer repeatedly hits the gong as long as the switch is closed. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [5] (b) (i) What is meant by the abbreviation d.c.? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Describe, carefully, the difference between d.c. and a.c. You may illustrate your answer with a diagram. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G762F6 977 3 [Turn over Below is a simplified diagram of part of a d.c. electric motor. When the current is flowing the side AB of the horizontal wire loop experiences a force. Examiner Only Marks Remark U U S C R B Current N L Current D A (iii) In which direction (L, U or R) will AB move? ______________ [1] (iv) Mark, with an arrow on the diagram, the direction of the force on side CD. [1] G762F6 977 4 [Turn over (c) The circuit diagram below shows an industrial motor connected to a high voltage a.c. supply. L N ~ Examiner Only Marks Remark M (i) Indicate on the diagram, with the letter F, where a fuse should be placed to give maximum protection to the user if a fault should occur. [2] (ii) Explain your answer to part (i). ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762F6 977 5 [Turn over 2 (a) A mechanic uses a spanner to tighten a nut as shown in the diagram below. 0.3 m Examiner Only Marks Remark 50 N Calculate the moment of the force that he uses to tighten the nut. Give the direction of the moment and the unit. Moment = __________________ Direction of the moment _______________ [4] (b) School caretakers often use trucks such as the one shown below to move heavy objects around. The design of the truck makes it easier to lift the load and the wheels make it easy to move the load from one place to another. (i) On the diagram mark and label the position of the pivot. You should also mark the load force and the effort force needed to lift the load. Show clearly where they act and the direction in which they act. [5] G762F6 977 6 [Turn over (ii) Explain, using the idea of moments, why the design of the truck makes it easier to lift the load. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (c) (i) What is meant by the centre of gravity (also known as the centre of mass) of an object? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The diagram shows a solid rectangular block. The block is tilted to the position shown. When it is released, will it return to stand upright again or will it topple over? Explain your answer. Block standing upright Block tilted and released ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication G762F6 977 [1] 7 [Turn over (iii) The block shown weighs 100 N. When standing upright it sits on a base measuring 4 cm 5 cm. What pressure does the block exert on the surface? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Pressure = _______________ N/cm2 [3] (d) To change a wheel, part of a car can be lifted using a hydraulic jack. When the mechanic pushes on the handle a force F1 is made to act on a small piston. This piston is in contact with oil, as shown in the diagram. A larger force F2 acts on the larger piston and this force moves the end of the arm that in turn raises the part of the car. Mechanic pushes on handle of jack Pivot Arm Car is raised F2 F1 The diagram below shows the pistons and the oil in more detail. Large piston Small piston F2 Oil F1 The force F1 acts on the small piston and on the oil. The force F2 acts on the large piston. G762F6 977 8 [Turn over (i) Explain why the force acting on the small piston produces a force on the large piston. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Using the relationship between pressure, force and area, explain why the force F2 is greater than the force F1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762F6 977 9 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) Name the two types of lens shown below. Write the name in the box below each lens. Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (ii) You are given a ray box producing two parallel rays of light and two lenses, one of each type. Describe how you would find out the type of each lens. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Using the same apparatus, describe how you would measure the focal length of the converging lens. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762F6 977 10 [Turn over (b) John blows his whistle. A short time later he hears the sound of the whistle again, though it is much fainter this time. Facing him is a long high wall. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the name given to the repeated sound? __________________________ [1] Using a stop watch, John measures the time interval between blowing the whistle and hearing the whistle a second time. The stop watch records a time of 0.8 seconds. Then he measures the distance to the wall and finds it to be 138 m. (ii) How long did the sound of the whistle take to reach the wall? _________ s [1] (iii) Using John s measurements, calculate the speed of sound in air. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed of sound = __________________ m/s [3] G762F6 977 11 [Turn over (c) As a wave passes through a certain medium, the particles vibrate through a distance of 5 cm, parallel to the direction of the wave, as shown in the diagram below. Examiner Only Marks Remark In the diagram, the particle marked X vibrates through a distance of 5 cm. (AB = 5 cm) Direction of travel of the wave A X B Particle X vibrates from A to B and back again. (i) What kind of wave is this? _____________________________ [1] (ii) What is the amplitude of the wave? ___________________ cm [1] The time for one complete vibration of the particles of the medium is 0.5 seconds. (iii) Calculate the frequency of the wave. Frequency = __________________ Hz [3] (iv) The wavelength of the wave is 50 cm. Calculate the speed of the wave. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed = __________________ cm/s [3] G762F6 977 12 [Turn over 4 This question is about the factors affecting the total stopping distance for a car travelling at various speeds. Examiner Only Marks Remark Total stopping distance = Thinking distance + braking distance. The thinking distance is the distance the car travels before the driver reacts to a situation and presses the brake pedal to slow the car down. The braking distance is the distance the car travels after the brake pedal is pressed. The total stopping distance for a car depends on a number of things. In the table below some of these are listed. (i) Complete the table to show the effect on the stopping distance when compared with a car travelling at the speed limit of 50 km/h, with good brakes, dry road and an alert driver. Factor Effect on total stopping distance Wet road surface Car travelling less than 50 km/h Driver who has been drinking alcohol A car with worn (bald) tyres [4] G762F6 977 13 [Turn over The Highway Code presents information about thinking, braking and total stopping distance in the way shown below. The information shown is for a car that is travelling at 25 m/s. 20 m Thinking distance Examiner Only Marks Remark 55 m Braking distance Total stopping distance (ii) What is the total stopping distance for this car? ________________ [1] Distance (iii) Use the equation Time = to calculate the thinking (reaction) Speed time of the driver of this car, travelling at 25 m/s. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Thinking (reaction) time = __________________ s [3] (iv) During the time when the car is braking, what is the initial speed of the car? __________________________ [1] what is the final speed of the car? ___________________________ [1] what is the average speed of the car? ________________________ [1] G762F6 977 14 [Turn over Distance (v) Use the equation Time = and your answer to (iv) to Average Speed calculate how long it took the car to come to a stop from the moment the driver pressed the brake pedal. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Time to stop from the moment the driver pressed the brake pedal = ________________ s [4] (vi) If the speed of the car had been 50 m/s what would the new thinking distance have been? New thinking distance = __________________ m [1] (vii) The car has a mass of 1200 kg. Calculate its momentum when it is travelling at 25 m/s. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Momentum = __________________ kg m/s [4] G762F6 977 15 [Turn over 5 (a) (i) What is a galaxy? Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) A certain galaxy is 600 million light years away from the Earth. How long does it take light emitted from this galaxy to reach the Earth? ________________________ years [1] (b) Six statements about the solar system are given below. Please tick each one that is correct. A. The planets move around the Sun. B. The Earth moves in nearly circular orbit around the Sun. C. Most of the planets orbit the Sun in the same plane. D. Comets are part of our Solar system. E. The four inner planets orbit the Sun in opposite direction from the outer planets. F. Venus is further from the Sun than Mars. [4] A number of satellites orbit the Earth. (c) (i) What is the name of the Earth s natural satellite? ________________________ [1] (ii) State two uses of artificial satellites that orbit the Earth. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] G762F6 977 16 [Turn over (d) In the diagram below, the dotted line shows the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. Four different positions along this path are marked A, B, C and D. The arrows show the direction of the Earth s motion around the Sun. Examiner Only Marks Remark D A C Sun B (i) In the Northern Hemisphere, it is autumn when the Earth is at position B. What is the season at the three other positions along the orbit? A = ______________________ [1] C = ______________________ [1] D = ______________________ [1] The diagram below shows the Earth when it is at position A. Sunlight (ii) Shade, carefully, the portion of the Earth which is in darkness. [2] G762F6 977 17 [Turn over The diagram below shows the Earth when it is at position C. Examiner Only Marks Remark X Y Sunlight Z (iii) Which one of the lines X, Y or Z best shows the axis about which the Earth spins? _______________ [1] (iv) Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G762F6 977 18 [Turn over S 8/05 1000 302507(89) [Turn over

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