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UK GCSE 2008 : Physics Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 1 Foundation Tier G7602 Science: Physics [G7602] WEDNESDAY 11 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 4(a)(i). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G761F8 3312 Marks 1 (a) A car is timed moving between two places on a road. The distance/time graph for this journey is shown below. The two places are represented on the graph by the points A and B. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1.8 1.6 B 1.4 1.2 1 Distance in km 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 A0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time in s (i) What is the time taken to move from A to B? Time = _________________ s [1] (ii) What is the distance, in m, between the two places? Distance = _________________ m [1] (iii) What is the average speed, in m/s, of the car during this time? Average speed = _________________ m/s [4] G761F8 3312 2 [Turn over The graph is a straight line. Examiner Only Marks Remark (iv) What does this tell you about the speed of the car during this time? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] (v) On the grid, draw the graph for a car that travels to B at twice the speed of this car. [2] From B, the car is driven a further 350 m to a large roundabout. It travels 400 m completely around this roundabout and returns to its starting point at A. See the diagram below. 350 m B A (vi) What is the total distance the car has travelled from its starting point A until it gets back to A? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Total distance travelled = _________________ m [2] (vii) When the car gets back to A, what is its total displacement from its starting point, A? Total displacement = _________________ [1] G761F8 3312 3 [Turn over (b) John stands on his bathroom scales. The scales read 50 kg. Examiner Only Marks (i) Remark What is John s mass? _________________ [1] (ii) What is John s weight? John s weight = _________________ [2] When John stands, the area of his feet in contact with the ground is 200 cm2. Total area in contact 200 cm2 (iii) What pressure does John exert on the ground? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Pressure = _________________ [4] (iv) When John stands on one foot, what effect does this have on the pressure that he exerts on the ground? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] G761F8 3312 4 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G761F8 3312 5 [Turn over 2 (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of energy. Examiner Only Marks Remark ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) In the table below, five different forms of energy are listed. Beside each, give an example of an object that has this form of energy. The first line of the table is done for you. Form of energy Example Beaker of hot water Heat energy Gravitational potential energy Kinetic energy Strain potential energy Chemical energy [4] (iii) Certain processes can cause energy to change its form. In the table below four processes are described. For each process, state the main energy change that takes place. The first line has been done for you. Process Energy change Kinetic energy changes to gravitational potential energy A ball slows down as it rolls uphill A falling stone hits the ground and stops Coal is burning Moving air turns a wind turbine [3] G761F8 3312 6 [Turn over (b) (i) Describe, in detail, how the wind is caused by the Sun. Examiner Only Marks Remark ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Explain why wind is a renewable energy source. ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name two fossil fuels. 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ [1] (iv) Describe the formation of a fossil fuel, making clear how its energy comes from the Sun. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [4] (v) Why are fossil fuels not regarded as renewable energy sources? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] G761F8 3312 7 [Turn over 3 (a) All electromagnetic waves are transverse. Examiner Only Marks (i) Remark Explain what is meant by a transverse wave. ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The table below gives the names of the electromagnetic waves. Draw arrows to match the wave with its use. One arrow has already been drawn for you. Electromagnetic Wave Use X-rays Kills cancer cells Ultra-violet light Detects banknote forgeries Infra-red light Fast food preparation Gamma waves Detects broken bones Radio waves Long distance communications Microwaves Night-time photography [5] (b) Two mirrors, M1 and M2 are placed at right angles to one another. The diagram below shows a ray of light incident on mirror M1 and at an angle of 27 to its surface. Mirror M1 A 27 27 Incident ray Incident ray Mirror M2 (i) G761F8 3312 On the diagram above, draw the normal to mirror M1 at point A. [1] 8 [Turn over (ii) Calculate the angles of incidence and reflection at point A. Examiner Only Marks Remark Angle of incidence = ________ degrees Angle of reflection = ________ degrees [2] (iii) On the diagram on the opposite page, draw, as accurately as you can, the reflected ray from A and from mirror M2. [2] (iv) Calculate the angle of reflection at mirror M2. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Angle of reflection at mirror M2 = _________ degrees [3] G761F8 3312 9 [Turn over (c) A student is carrying out an investigation on the properties of shadows. She places an opaque object between a point source of light and a screen. Opaque object Examiner Only Marks Remark White screen Height h Distance D The student keeps the opaque object at the same distance from the light source throughout her investigation. She moves the screen further from the opaque object and for different values of distance D, she measures the height of the shadow, h. The following results are obtained. Distance D in cm 20 (i) 40 50 60 8 Height of shadow, h in cm 30 10 12 14 11 Plot the results on the grid below and draw the straight line of best fit. Extend the line of fit so that it crosses the vertical axis. 16 12 Height of shadow, 8 h in cm 4 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance D in cm [3] G761F8 3312 10 [Turn over (ii) Which value of h in the table was incorrect? Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________ [1] (iii) Use the graph to find out the height of the opaque object. Height of opaque object = _________________ cm [1] G761F8 3312 11 [Turn over 4 (a) A plastic rod becomes positively charged when rubbed with a duster. Examiner Only Marks Remark +++ Plastic rod +++ (i) Duster Explain, in detail, why this happens. In your answer you should mention the effect it has on the duster. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] Quality of written communication [1] (ii) Name the force that causes the plastic rod to become charged. ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Name the particle which moves when an electric current flows in a metal. _________________________________________________ [1] The photograph below shows a bulb, battery, switch, ammeter and connecting wires. The bulb lights when the switch is closed. G761F8 3312 12 [Turn over (ii) In the space below, draw the circuit diagram for this, using the correct symbols. Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (iii) On your diagram, mark with an arrow and clearly label the direction in which the particles you named in part (i) flow, when the switch is closed. [1] (iv) On your diagram, mark with an arrow and clearly label the direction in which the conventional current flows, when the switch is closed. [1] (v) The battery has a voltage of 6.0 V. When the bulb is lit the reading on the ammeter is 0.25 A. Calculate the resistance of the bulb, when it is lit. Include the correct unit for resistance in your answer. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance = _________________ [4] G761F8 3312 13 [Turn over (c) The diagram below shows the inside of a three pin plug. Examiner Only Marks Remark X (i) Carefully label and name the two wires shown. [1] (ii) Name the part marked X. _________________ [1] (iii) How does the appliance, to which this plug is connected, protect the user from receiving an electric shock? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] G761F8 3312 14 [Turn over The diagram shows a kettle with a metal body being tested for safety. The clip C1 is connected to this metal body. Examiner Only Marks Remark Kettle Battery C1 C2 Bulb Plug (iv) Which one of the pins on the plug should the clip C2 be connected to, to light the bulb? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (d) An electric fire with a rating of 2 kW is left on for 3 hours. The cost of electricity is 13 pence per kilowatt-hour. Calculate the cost of leaving the fire on for this length of time. Cost = _________________ pence [2] G761F8 3312 15 [Turn over 5 (a) Diagrams A, B and C represent neutral atoms. Examiner Only Marks A = proton (i) Remark C B = neutron = electron Explain why the atoms are neutral. ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Which two diagrams represent isotopes of the same element? Explain carefully the reasons for your answer. _________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [3] (iii) The nucleus of lead contains 126 neutrons and 82 protons. The chemical symbol for lead is Pb. Complete the diagram below to show how this nucleus of lead is described in notation form. Pb [2] G761F8 3312 16 [Turn over (b) (i) Name the three types of radiation which may be emitted by a radioactive source. In each case, state whether the radiation is a particle or a wave. In each case give the charge of the radiation as + or or 0. Type of radiation Particle or wave Examiner Only Marks Remark Charge [4] (ii) From which part of the atom is each of these radiations emitted? ______________________ [1] The diagram below shows a radioactive source which is known to emit one type of radiation. When placed in front of a detector it found that 350 pulses of radiation are detected in one minute. This is known as the count rate. Radioactive source Detector 350 (iii) When the source is removed, the count rate falls to 30. What name is given to this observation? Suggest a possible source for this count rate. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] (iv) The source is replaced. The detector again gives a count rate of 350. When a piece of thin card is placed between the source and the detector the count rate falls to 30 in one minute. What type of radiation is being emitted by the source? ______________________ [1] G761F8 3312 17 [Turn over (c) Radioactive sources can be used to treat a person with a cancerous tumour inside their body. The radioactive source is held directly over the tumour as shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Radioisotope Tumour (i) What type of radiation should the source emit if it is to penetrate the body and reach the tumour? ______________________ [1] (ii) Why is this type of radiation effective in the treatment of tumours? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What disadvantage is there in using radioactivity to treat the tumour? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] (iv) What is meant by the half-life of a radioactive source? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [1] G761F8 3312 18 [Turn over (v) Should the radioactive source used in the treatment of the tumour have a short or a long half-life? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ [2] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G761F8 3312 19 Examiner Only Marks Remark S 1/07 530-065-1 [Turn over

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