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UK GCSE 2010 : Physics Higher Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 Paper 1 Higher Tier G7604 Science: Physics [G7604] FRIDAY 28 MAY, MORNING TIME 1 hour 45 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 125. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 1(b)(iii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks 5358 Marks 1 (a) John sets up the apparatus shown below. He uses it to discover how the length of the spring changes as he increases the force stretching it. He changes this force by adding 100 g masses to a length of string attached to the spring. The graph below shows some of John s results. Examiner Only Marks Remark Pulley Spring 100 g masses 500 400 Length of the spring in mm 300 200 100 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Mass attached to the spring in g (i) With reference to the graph, explain why the length of the spring is not directly proportional to the mass attached to it. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Use the graph to find the extension of the spring for each 100 g mass added. Extension for each 100 g mass = ____________ mm [1] (iii) John discovers that the spring obeys Hooke s law for masses up to a maximum of 800 g. On the grid, continue the graph to show its shape up to 800 g and from 800 g to 1000 g. [2] 5358 2 [Turn over (b) The diagram shows a satellite in orbit around the Earth. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) The satellite takes 1.5 hours to complete one orbit. The distance it travels in one orbit is 40 000 km. Calculate its average speed in kilometres per hour. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed = ____________ km/h [3] (ii) The satellite has a mass of 150 kg. Calculate its momentum. Give your answer in kgm/s. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Momentum = ____________ kgm/s [4] 5358 3 [Turn over (iii) Explain why a satellite s velocity is different from its speed. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] Quality of written communication [1] (iv) What is the average velocity for one complete orbit? ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) The diagram below shows two satellites circling the Earth in different orbits. The satellites have the same mass. The centripetal force needed to keep each satellite in orbit is provided by the gravitational attraction of the Earth. This satellite is in a polar orbit and takes 90 minutes to complete one orbit. It is 500 km from the Earth. This satellite is in a geostationary orbit and takes 24 hours to complete one orbit. It is 42 000 km from the Earth. (i) How does the size of the centripetal force acting on each satellite compare? Explain your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State a possible use for the satellite that is in a polar orbit. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State a possible use for the satellite that is in a geostationary orbit. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] 5358 4 [Turn over (d) The diagram shows a rocket just after its launch. At launch, the rocket and contents have a total mass of 140 000 kg. The engine produces a upward thrust of 3 000 000 N. Upward thrust 3 000 000 N Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Calculate the resultant upward force on the rocket at launch. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Total weight Launch pad Resultant force = ____________ N [3] (ii) Calculate the acceleration this resultant force produces at launch. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Acceleration = ____________ m/s2 [3] (iii) As the rocket moves upwards, the downward force becomes less, because fuel is being burnt off while the thrust remains the same. How does the size of the acceleration change? ___________________________________________________ [1] 5358 5 [Turn over 2 (a) The use of wind turbines is on the increase. Wind turbines convert some of the kinetic energy of moving air into electricity. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) The efficiency of a wind turbine is 0.3 (30%). Explain carefully what this means. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The kinetic energy of 1 kg of air moving with a velocity of 6 m/s is 18 J. The efficiency value for this wind turbine is 0.3 (30%). Calculate the electrical energy generated from 1 kg of air moving with a velocity of 6 m/s. You are advised to shown clearly how you get your answer. Electrical energy = ____________ J [2] (iii) Every second, 5 000 kg of air moving at 6 m/s passes through the wind turbine. Calculate the output electrical power of the wind turbine. Include the unit for power in your answer. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Output electrical power = ____________ [4] 5358 6 [Turn over (b) Global warming is seen by many as a major threat to many countries and peoples. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Nuclear power is seen by some as a solution to the problem of global warming. Explain briefly why this is. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State the main environmental disadvantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity and how it is dealt with. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Uranium is used as the fuel in most nuclear power stations. How does the amount of uranium needed compare with the amount of coal or oil needed to fuel a power station with the same output power? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) All power stations, when they come to the end of their useful life, have to be de-commissioned. What does this mean? Describe the problems of decommissioning a nuclear power station compared with a power station that used fossil fuel. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 5358 7 [Turn over (c) (i) State the principle of conservation of momentum. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] The principle of conservation of momentum is demonstrated in school laboratories using small trolleys like the ones shown below. When trolley A collides with trolley B they stick together and move together. Before collision After collision 1.5 m/s A B ? A B (ii) In one demonstration, trolley A has a mass of 500 g and is moving with a velocity of 1.5 m/s when it collides with trolley B, which is at rest. Trolley B has a mass of 250 g. Calculate the velocity of the combined trolleys after the collision. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Velocity after collision = ____________ m/s [3] 5358 8 [Turn over (d) The diagram below shows a hydraulic machine used to raise cars in a garage. F=?N Area = 10 cm2 Examiner Only Marks Remark 10 000 N Area = 400 cm2 X Oil (i) Explain how a force applied at the end marked X is able to raise the car. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] The car weighs 10 000 N. The area of the small platform is 10 cm2 and the area of the platform, on which the car sits, is 400 cm2. (ii) Calculate the force that must be applied to the smaller platform to just raise the car. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Force = ____________ N [5] 5358 9 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) Explain what a luminous object is. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Give an example of a luminous object. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain what a non-luminous object is. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Give an example of a non-luminous object. ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) The incomplete ray diagram below shows the image I of a lamp O, in a plane mirror M. M O I A B Draw on the diagram: (i) the normals at points A and B. (ii) the corresponding incident rays. [1] (iii) arrows to show the direction of the incident rays. 5358 [1] [1] 10 [Turn over (c) Two plane mirrors, M1 and M2, are inclined at 50 to each other as shown in the diagram below. A ray of light strikes M1, so that the angle between the mirror and the ray is 40 . Examiner Only Marks Remark Mirror M2 40 50 Mirror M1 (i) Calculate the angle of incidence at M1. Angle of incidence at M1 = ____________ [1] (ii) State the angle of reflection at M1. Angle of reflection at M1 = ____________ [1] (iii) Calculate the angle of incidence at M2. Angle of incidence at M2 = ____________ [2] (iv) Draw on the diagram an arrow to show the path of the reflected ray from M2. [1] 5358 11 [Turn over (d) (i) A converging lens has a focal length of 2 cm. Explain what this means. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] Below is an incomplete full scale ray diagram. The ray diagram shows how a converging lens can be used in a slide projector. The object is 3 cm from the lens. The lens has a focal length of 2 cm. Converging lens Principal axis of lens Object (ii) Complete the ray diagram to show how the three rays form an image after refraction by the lens. [3] (iii) How far is the image from the lens? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Underline which three of the following words best describe the image. real : inverted : virtual : magnified : diminished : erect [3] 5358 12 [Turn over (e) (i) State two conditions that are required before light undergoes total internal reflection at the boundary between two transparent materials. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] Optical fibres are used in medicine. A typical fibre consists of a strand of glass. Light passes up the glass fibre by repeatedly undergoing total internal reflection as shown in the diagram below. Glass Air (ii) The critical angle at the glass air boundary is 42 . Explain what this means. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State one medical and one non-medical application of the use of optical fibres. Medical application _____________________________________ Non-medical application _______________________________ [2] 5358 13 [Turn over 4 (a) Atoms contain electric charges. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Explain how an atom is neutral. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] A cloth is rubbed on a plastic rod. This makes electrons move from the cloth to the rod. Cloth Plastic rod (ii) What effect does the movement of the electrons have on the charge of the cloth and the charge of the plastic rod? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (b) The circuit shown in the diagram below is set up. A S B 5358 C 14 [Turn over (i) On the circuit diagram, show how a voltmeter, using the correct symbol, should be connected to measure the voltage across lamp A. [1] (ii) Mark, on the diagram, the positive terminal of the voltmeter. Examiner Only Marks Remark [1] When the switch is closed, it is found that the current flowing in lamp A is 0.2 A and the current flowing in lamp B is 0.15 A. (iii) What is the current flowing through the switch S? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Current = ____________ A [1] Lamps B and C are identical. The voltage across lamp B is 1.4 V. (iv) What is the voltage across lamp C? Voltage = ____________ V [1] (v) What is the voltage across lamp A? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Voltage = ____________ V [2] (vi) What is the resistance of lamp A? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance = ____________ [3] 5358 15 [Turn over (c) Three resistors, 4 ohm, 6 ohm, and 12 ohm, are connected in parallel. Examiner Only Marks Remark 4 2.0 A A B 6 12 (i) Calculate their combined resistance. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance = ____________ [3] A current of 2 A flows towards the point A. (ii) Calculate the voltage across AB. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Voltage = ____________ V [3] (iii) What is the current flowing in the 4 ohm resistor? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Current = ____________ A [2] 5358 16 [Turn over (d) The circuit shown below is used in the home in a particular situation. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B (i) Name the type of switch used both at A and B. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Where would you use such a circuit in the home? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Describe briefly the advantage to the home-owner of such a circuit. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) On the circuit diagram, mark with the letter L, the live terminal of the power supply. [1] (v) On the circuit diagram, mark with the letter F, a suitable location for a fuse. [1] 5358 17 [Turn over 5 (a) (i) Name the particles that are together in the nucleus of an atom. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] An atom has an atomic number 3 and mass number 7. (ii) What does this tell you about the particles that make up the nucleus? _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (b) A beta-emitting radioactive source is placed 5 cm from a detector, as shown in the diagram below. The radioactive source is surrounded by a substance X on all sides, except for a narrow opening on the right. 5 cm X Detector Radioactive source (i) Name the substance X surrounding the source. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Give two reasons why the substance X is used in this way. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Give one reason why even a weak radioactive source should be handled using tongs. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] 5358 18 [Turn over You are provided with a number of aluminium squares, each 1 mm thick. Examiner Only Marks Remark (iv) Describe, briefly, how you would use the equipment shown opposite and the aluminium squares, to measure the range of the beta particles in aluminium. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [5] (c) Yttrium 90 is a beta emitter which decays to zirconium. (i) Complete the decay equation below for the beta decay of yttrium (Y) to zirconium (Zr). 90 Y 39 Zr + b [4] (ii) Yttrium has a half-life of 64 hours. Explain what this means. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 5358 19 [Turn over (iii) A radioactive source contains 2 micrograms of yttrium 90. What mass of yttrium 90 remains after 192 hours? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Mass = ____________ micrograms [3] (d) Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are two processes that release large amounts of energy. (i) Which one of them is the source of energy in stars? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What important peaceful use is made of the other process? ___________________________________________________ [1] The following statements are inaccurate descriptions of the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a single atom into two lighter atoms. Nuclear fusion is the joining of two heavy atoms to make a single atom. (iii) Correct each statement by writing the correct version in the spaces below. Nuclear fission is _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Nuclear fusion is _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 5358 20 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 5358 21 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 1847-016-1

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