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UK GCSE 2006 : Physics Higher Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 1 Higher Tier G7604 Science: Physics [G7604] FRIDAY 16 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 45 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 125. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 1(c)(iv) and 2(a). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G761H6 980 Marks 1 (a) (i) A metal is a good conductor of heat, but glass is a poor conductor of heat. Describe, in terms of particles, how the conduction of heat takes place in each of these materials. Examiner Only Marks Remark Good conductor (metal) __________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Poor conductor (glass) ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] A large amount of heat loss from a house takes place through the walls. This heat loss can be reduced by filling the space between the walls with polystyrene foam. Polystyrene foam (ii) Explain how this reduces heat loss. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G761H6 980 2 [Turn over (iii) Describe how the transfer of heat energy from a hot object to its surroundings by radiation differs from the transfer of heat energy from the same hot object to its surroundings by convection. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G761H6 980 3 [Turn over (b) The apparatus shown is used to demonstrate the expansion of a liquid. The flask is heated, but the liquid level in the glass tube falls at first, before eventually rising as the liquid expands. Examiner Only Marks Remark Expanding water rises quickly and overflows Glass tube Water level before heating Water level after a few seconds of heating Water Glass flask Heat Explain why the liquid level falls at first. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] G761H6 980 4 [Turn over (c) Four metals rods of the same length and area of cross section are heated. Each rod is made of a different metal. The bar chart below shows how much the four metals expand when heated through the same temperature rise. Examiner Only Marks Remark 3.0 2.5 2.0 Expansion 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Iron Brass Aluminium Invar (i) Explain why Invar is preferred to aluminium in making accurate metre rules. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] A bimetallic strip is made of two metals. The one shown here is made of brass and iron. It is used in a fire alarm. Contact screw Battery Bimetallic strip Bell (ii) Using the information shown in the bar chart, label the diagram with the metal used in each part of the bimetallic strip. Write your answers in the boxes provided. [2] G761H6 980 5 [Turn over (iii) Explain how this fire alarm works. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iv) Explain how the fire alarm could be adjusted to make it operate for a smaller rise in temperature. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] Quality of written communication G761H6 980 [1] 6 [Turn over 2 (a) A cyclist pedals up a hill. She then allows the bicycle to roll down the other side of the hill without pedalling. Finally she applies the brakes to bring the bicycle to a stop on the same level as her starting point. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Describe, in detail, the energy changes that take place as she pedals up the hill and then rolls down the other side. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Explain how the Principle of Conservation of Energy applies to the complete journey. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] Quality of written communication G761H6 980 [1] 7 [Turn over (b) Kevin climbs a rope as shown in the diagram below. He takes 6.0 s to climb a vertical distance of 3.0 m. Kevin weighs 400 N. Examiner Only Marks Remark 3.0 m (i) Calculate the work done by Kevin when he climbed the rope. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Work done = __________________ J [4] (ii) Calculate the average power generated by Kevin as he climbed the rope. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Power = __________________ W [3] G761H6 980 8 [Turn over (c) A ski lift carries a skier of mass 60 kg from the bottom to the top of a ski-slope 250 m higher. Examiner Only Marks Remark 250 m (i) How much potential energy has the skier gained when she reaches the top of the slope? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Potential energy = __________________ J [4] (ii) The skier then slides down the slope starting from rest at the top. Using the Principle of Conservation of Energy, calculate the skier s maximum possible speed when she reaches the bottom of the slope. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed = __________________ m/s [4] G761H6 980 9 [Turn over (iii) When her actual speed at the bottom of the hill is measured it is found to be 50 m/s. Explain in detail why her actual speed is less than the one you calculated in part (ii). Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] Skier 20m (iv) At the bottom of the hill the skier slows down from a speed of 50 m/s and stops in a distance of 20 m. Calculate the average (braking) force needed to stop her in this distance. Remember her mass is 60 kg. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Average braking force = __________________ N [5] G761H6 980 10 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) From the list of waves below, identify those that are transverse and those that are longitudinal. Write their names in the table below. Examiner Only Marks Remark X-rays, Sound, Ultraviolet, Ultrasound and Microwaves. Transverse waves Longitudinal waves [3] (ii) State two features all electromagnetic waves have in common. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) From the list of waves above, name one which cannot travel through a vacuum. __________________________ [1] G761H6 980 11 [Turn over (b) Describe an experiment to find the position of the image of an object produced by a plane mirror. Illustrate your answer with a diagram in the space below. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [5] G761H6 980 12 [Turn over (c) A ray of green light is shone at a triangular glass prism as shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Y X Green ray (i) On the diagram, continue the path of the green ray through and out of the prism. [2] (ii) A ray of red light is now shone along the path (XY) of the original green ray. On the same diagram, draw and label the path of the red ray inside the prism and out into the air. [2] (d) (i) What type of lens does a camera use? __________________________ [1] (ii) State two properties of the image formed by the lens, when it is used in a camera. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] G761H6 980 13 [Turn over The diagram illustrates a lens camera. Examiner Only Marks Remark Lens Object Film (iii) Draw two rays from the top of the object to show how the image is formed on the film. [4] (iv) Explain, fully, why the lens is often arranged so that it can be moved towards or away from the film. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G761H6 980 14 [Turn over 4 (a) Anne is investigating how the current flowing in a metal wire depends on the voltage across the wire. The temperature of the wire is kept constant. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Draw a circuit diagram, using the correct symbols, in the space below, to show the circuit that Anne should use. [5] (ii) Describe what Anne should do to get a series of readings. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What must Anne do to ensure that the temperature of the wire does not change during the investigation? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G761H6 980 15 [Turn over (b) Two resistors are connected to a battery as shown in the circuit below. Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 V 6 2 Calculate the following. You are advised to show clearly how you get each answer. (i) The total resistance of the circuit. Total resistance = _________ [1] (ii) The current flowing in the 2 resistor. Current = _________A [2] (iii) The voltage across the 2 resistor. Voltage = _________ V [2] G761H6 980 16 [Turn over Another resistor X is connected in parallel with the 6 resistor as shown below. When this is done the current in the 2 resistor becomes 2.0 A. Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 V 2.0 A 6 2 X (iv) What is the value of this resistor X? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance = __________________ [5] G761H6 980 17 [Turn over (c) The diagram shows a heating element of an electric fire. The heating element is connected to a 240 V mains supply. The power rating of the heating element is 1 kW. Examiner Only Marks Remark 240 V (i) What is the correct fuse to use with such a heating element? The fuses available are 1A, 3A, 5A, 10A and 13A. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Fuse = __________________A [2] G761H6 980 18 [Turn over (ii) In terms of energy and charge, explain what is meant by voltage. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) When the heating element is switched on for a time the total electric charge that passes around the circuit is 5 coulombs. How much electrical energy is used in this time? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Electrical energy = __________________ J [3] (d) Explain, in terms of electrons, the difference between a positively charged object and a negatively charged object. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] G761H6 980 19 [Turn over 5 (a) Radioactive materials emit different types of radiation known as , and radiation. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the table below to show the properties of these radiations. Alpha ( ) Beta ( ) Charge compared with a proton Mass compared with a proton Gamma ( ) Zero 4 Origin An unstable nucleus Nature Particle An unstable nucleus Particle [6] (ii) State, in terms of the particles which make up their nuclei, what is identical and what is different for a pair of isotopes. Identical ______________________________________________ Different ___________________________________________ [2] (b) When a radioactive isotope arrives at a hospital its measured radioactivity, before allowing for background radiation, is 4830 counts per minute. (i) What is meant by background radiation? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G761H6 980 20 [Turn over The radioactivity of this source, after allowing for background radiation is measured over a period of several hours. The results are shown in the table below. Activity in counts per minute Time after arrival at the hospital in hours 4800 2690 1510 850 480 1 2 3 4 Remark 270 0 Examiner Only Marks 5 (ii) On the grid below plot a graph of Activity (y-axis) against Time (x-axis) and draw the appropriate line of fit. [5] (iii) Use the graph to find as accurately as possible the half-life of this isotope. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Half-life = _________ hours [2] G761H6 980 21 [Turn over (c) Very powerful rollers are used to produce sheets of aluminium 8 mm thick. The force that the rollers exert on the aluminium is controlled by the amount of radioactivity that passes through the aluminium and is detected by the sensor. Examiner Only Marks Remark Radioactive source Aluminium sheet Sensor Machinery to control the rollers (i) What type of radiation is most likely to be used in this process? Give a reason for your answer. Radiation type __________________________ Reason ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] Sources capable of producing this radiation with half-lives of 100 hours, 5 weeks and 10 years are available. (ii) Which half-life is best for this industrial process? Give a reason for your answer. Half-life __________________________ Reason ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G761H6 980 22 [Turn over (d) Uranium (symbol U) has an Atomic Number of 92. One isotope of uranium has a Mass Number of 235. This isotope decays by emitting an alpha particle ( ), causing the uranium nucleus to change into a nucleus of thorium (symbol Th). Examiner Only Marks Remark Complete the equation below which represents this decay process. Write the appropriate number in the boxes. 235 U Th + 90 G761H6 980 [4] 23 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 7/05 5300 302507(88) [Turn over

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