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UK GCSE 2007 : Physics Higher Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 1 Higher Tier G7604 Science: Physics [G7604] FRIDAY 15 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 45 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 125. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 1(c)(ii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G761H7 2326 Marks 1 (a) State what is meant by the centre of mass (gravity) of an object. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (b) (i) State the Principle of Moments. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] A uniform metal rod of length 80 cm is suspended by a string at a point 22 cm from end A as shown in the diagram below. When a weight of 15 N hangs from a point 13 cm from end A, the rod balances in a horizontal position as shown in the diagram below. String 22 cm A 13 cm 15 N (ii) On the diagram, mark where the weight of the metal rod acts. [1] (iii) How far from the string is the point where the weight of the metal rod acts? _____________ cm [1] (iv) Using your previous answers, calculate the weight of the metal rod. Weight = _____________ N [4] G761H7 2326 2 [Turn ove (c) The diagram below shows a simple hydraulic machine. Pushing down (effort) on the platform of area A1, it is possible to support the load sitting on the platform of area A2. A1 is smaller than A2. Examiner Only Marks Remark Effort Load A1 A2 Oil (i) What property of the liquid allows the effort force to support the load? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Would you expect the effort to be bigger than, smaller than or equal to the load? Explain your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Quality of written communication G761H7 2326 [1] 3 [Turn over The effort causes a force F1 of 500 N to be exerted on area A1. Area A1 is 25 mm2 and area A2 is 230 mm2. Examiner Only Marks Remark Effort Load A1 A2 Oil (iii) Calculate the size of the upward force acting on the load. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Upward force = _____________ N [5] (iv) What is the weight of the load? _________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 4 [Turn ove (d) A geostationary communications satellite, as shown in the diagram below, moves in a circular path high above the surface of the Earth. Geostationary means that the satellite is always directly above the same point on the Earth as the Earth rotates. Examiner Only Marks Remark Microwave beams Equa tor Earth turns once every 24 hours Orbit (i) What provides the centripetal force which keeps the satellite moving in circular orbit? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State clearly the direction in which this centripetal force acts. __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) How long does it take a geostationary satellite to complete one orbit? _____________ hours [1] (iv) How would the size of the force providing the centripetal force on the satellite change, if the distance of the satellite from the Earth is increased? __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 5 [Turn over 2 (a) Outline the processes that happen in the greenhouse effect. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] (b) (i) Give one example of a non-renewable energy source, which does not add to the greenhouse effect. __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Why does this source not contribute to the greenhouse effect? __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Give one example of an energy source which does contribute to the greenhouse effect. __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) How does this source contribute to the greenhouse effect? __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 6 [Turn ove (c) Explain how the energy stored in fossil fuels can be traced back to the Sun. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] (d) Philip rubs his hand against his leg. (i) Explain, in terms of energy transfer, how this results in his hand warming up. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] (ii) The average force Philip uses in rubbing his hand against his leg is 10 N. His hand moves a total distance of 20 cm. How many such movements does he have to make before he supplies 50 J of heat to his hand? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Number of movements = _____________ [5] G761H7 2326 7 [Turn over (iii) What further information would be needed to calculate the average power developed in this process? Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Write down the equation you would use to calculate the average power using the extra information. [1] (e) Electricity generators can use many different energy sources. The following table is intended to give some of the advantages and some of the limitations. The table is incomplete. Please complete the table. The first line has been completed for you. Energy source Maximum Speed of power response to output changing demand Oil- red Very Slow power large station Nuclear Very large power station Quick A single wind generator Reliability Uninterrupted supply Can be suitable for standby for hospitals Yes No [5] G761H7 2326 8 [Turn ove 3 (a) A ray of light is shone into a rectangular glass block as shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) The critical angle for the glass is 41 . Explain what this means. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The path of the ray through the glass allows it to strike the shorter side. The angle of incidence for this ray as it meets the shorter side is 50 . Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray through and out of the glass block. A B D C [3] (iii) What happens to the speed of the light when the ray passes from air into glass at the side AB? __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Explain why the light follows the path you have drawn at the side BC. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) What happens to the speed of the light when the ray passes from glass into air at the side CD? __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 9 [Turn over (b) A converging (convex) lens can be used as a magnifying glass. The object O is placed at the position shown in the diagram. F O L Examiner Only Marks Remark F (i) What is the name for the points marked F? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) On the diagram, using a ruler, draw rays that can be used to locate the position of the image. Make sure you put arrows on your rays to show their direction. Your drawing should also distinguish between lines that represent rays of light and lines that you use to locate the image. The image should be clearly marked so that its size is clear. [6] (iii) The diagram is full scale. How far from the centre of the lens L is the image formed? Distance of image from L = _____________ cm [1] G761H7 2326 10 [Turn ove (iv) Mark on the diagram, where the eye should be placed to view the magnified image. [1] Examiner Only Marks Remark (v) What is a virtual image? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (c) The following is a list of the sections of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, ultraviolet, microwaves, X-rays and infrared. (i) Write their names in the appropriate box below. Increasing wavelength Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] (ii) Which wave is used for the following? Taking a photograph that can be used for a passport ________________________ Making toast ________________________ Sterilising plastic syringes _____________________ [3] (iii) All waves have a wavelength and a frequency. Electromagnetic waves have changing electric and magnetic fields. Name two other properties common to all electromagnetic waves. 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ [2] G761H7 2326 11 [Turn over 4 (a) In the circuit below, the reading on the voltmeter is 2.4 volts. The battery provides a voltage of 3.0 volts. Examiner Only Marks Remark 3.0 V V X Y (i) What is the voltage across the resistor Y? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Voltage across Y = _____________ V [3] (ii) The current through X is 0.2 A. What is the resistance of X? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance = _____________ [3] (iii) Why is the current flowing in resistor X equal to the current flowing in resistor Y? __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 12 [Turn ove A third resistor Z is placed in parallel with resistors X and Y as shown in the diagram below. Examiner Only Marks Remark 3.0 V Y X 0.2 A Z 0.3 A The current through Z is 0.3 A and the current through X and Y is unchanged. (iv) What is the new current supplied by the battery? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Current = _____________ A [2] (v) What is the voltage across the resistor Z? Voltage = _____________ V [1] (vi) Calculate the values of resistances Y and Z. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resistance of Y = _____________ [2] Resistance of Z = _____________ [2] G761H7 2326 13 [Turn over (vii) Calculate the combined resistance of X, Y and Z. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Combined resistance = _____________ [3] (b) Thunderstorm clouds contain many millions of water droplets and ice particles suspended in the air. Collisions between the water droplets and the ice particles create a positive charge at the top of the cloud and negative charge in the lower part of the cloud. + + ++ + (i) Explain in terms of electrons how the top of the cloud gains a positive charge and the base of the cloud a negative charge. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G761H7 G761F6 2326 14 [Turn over [Turn ove (ii) A lightning conductor is a metal strip attached to high structures, such as the spire of a church. When a thundercloud approaches a lightning conductor, the top of the lightning conductor becomes positively charged. Explain why this happens. Examiner Only Marks Remark + + ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) A flash of lightning lasts 1 millisecond and the average current during the flash is 2500 A. Calculate the electric charge that is transferred during the lightning flash. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Charge = ______________________ [5] G761H7 2326 15 [Turn over 5 (a) There is a radioactive isotope of carbon known as 14C. 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the table below to show the numbers of the particles in the nucleus of 14C. 6 Particle Number Electrons Neutrons Protons [3] (ii) Complete the equation below to describe the process by which a -particle is emitted from the 14C isotope. 6 14C 6 N + [4] (b) (i) A student states the following: After two half lives of a radioactive substance have passed, its activity is zero What is wrong with this statement? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] What should it state? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 16 [Turn ove The graph below shows how the radioactivity of 1 g of carbon changes with time in the dead remains of once-living material. It changes because of the radioactivity decay of 14C. 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 20 18 16 14 Activity in counts 12 per minute 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Time in years (ii) Use the graph to show that the half-life of 14C is approximately 6 5500 years. You must show clearly on the graph how you get your answer. [2] In 1985, a human body was found in a peat bog in England. Archaeologists called the body Pete Marsh . The radioactivity of 1 g of carbon from this body was measured and found to be 9 counts per minute after accounting for background activity. (iii) Use the graph to find as accurately as possible how long ago Pete Marsh died. You must show clearly on the graph how you get your answer. Age = _____________ years [2] G761H7 2326 17 [Turn over (iv) Calculate the activity of 1 g of carbon from Pete Marsh s body, 11 000 years after his death. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Activity = _____________ counts per minute [3] (c) (i) What name is given to the nuclear process which takes place in the core of a nuclear power station? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) The fuel used in a nuclear power station is often an isotope of uranium. Describe briefly what happens to a uranium nucleus in a power station. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (d) (i) What name is given to the nuclear process which takes place in the core of a star? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What element is the fuel used in most stars? 1 1.2.06ES __________________________________________________ [1] G761H7 2326 18 [Turn ove (e) In 1910 a historic experiment was carried out to find out more about the structure of the atom. In the experiment alpha ( ) particles were directed at a very thin gold foil. Observation 1 Most of the particles passed straight through, some with no deviation, some with a small deviation. Observation 2 A few were deflected back towards the source of the particles as shown in the diagram below. particle particle particle Key for the diagram particle particle Nucleus Electrons particle (i) What does this experiment tell us about the charge of the nucleus? Explain your answer. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Which observation indicates that the nucleus is small? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Which observation suggests that the mass of the nucleus is much greater than the mass of the particle? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] 1 1.2.06ES THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G761H7 2326 19 Examiner Only Marks Remark Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 761H7 2326 G 2/06 7-013-1 [Turn0over 2 [Turn over

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