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UK GCSE 2006 : Physics Higher Tier, Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 2 Higher Tier G7605 Science: Physics [G7605] WEDNESDAY 21 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 45 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 125. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(d). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of the pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part-question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated with numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G762H6 979 Marks 1 (a) This question is about the braking of a car. Examiner Only Marks The thinking distance is the distance the car travels before the driver reacts to a situation and presses the brake pedal to slow the car down. The braking distance is the distance the car travels after the brake pedal is pressed. Total stopping distance = Thinking distance + Braking distance. The graph below is the speed time graph for a car initially travelling at a constant speed. The time starts from the moment the driver sees an obstacle on the road requiring him to stop. 25 20 15 Speed in m/s 10 5 0 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 Time in seconds (i) What is the thinking (reaction) time of the driver of this car? Explain how you arrived at your answer. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) How long does it take the car to come to a stop after the brakes have been applied? s [1] G762H6 979 2 Remark (iii) Calculate the total stopping distance for the car. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Examiner Only Marks Remark Total stopping distance = _________________ m [4] (iv) What is the average speed of the car during the 4.8 seconds shown on the graph? You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Average speed = ________________ m/s [3] (v) Calculate the deceleration of the car during the time when the brakes are applied. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Deceleration = ___________________ [4] (vi) The mass of the car is 1200 kg. Calculate the size of the resultant force that causes the car to decelerate. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Resultant force = _________________ N [3] G762H6 979 3 [Turn over (b) (i) State the Principle of Conservation of Momentum. Examiner Only Marks ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] The apparatus shown below can be used to measure the velocity of a pellet. The stationary trolley is positioned on a friction free runway. The air pistol is used to fire a pellet at the trolley. The pellet hits and embeds in the trolley. The velocity of the trolley after this collision is measured. Trolley Pellet Mass of pellet Mass of trolley Speed of the trolley after collision 2.5 g 125 g 1.6 m/s (ii) Calculate the momentum of the trolley and the embedded pellet. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Momentum = __________________ [4] (iii) Using the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, calculate the speed of the pellet as it strikes the trolley. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed of the pellet = _______________ m/s [4] G762H6 979 4 Remark BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G762H6 979 5 [Turn over 2 (a) School caretakers often use trucks such as the one shown below to move heavy objects around. The design of the truck makes it easier to lift the load and the wheels make it easy to move the load from one place to another. (i) On the diagram mark and label the position of the pivot. You should also mark the load force and the effort force needed to lift the load. Show clearly where they act and the direction in which they act. [5] (ii) Explain, using the idea of moments, why the design of the truck makes it easier to lift the load. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762H6 979 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark (b) (i) The diagram shows a solid rectangular block. The block is tilted to the position shown. When it is released, will it return to stand upright again or will it topple over? Explain your answer. Block standing upright Examiner Only Marks Remark Block tilted and released ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) To find the weight of a metre rule Susan set up the apparatus shown below. The metre rule is pivoted at the 30 cm mark and a weight of 2.5 N is moved along the metre rule until the rule is balanced. 18 cm 2.5 N Using the information shown, calculate the weight of the metre rule. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Weight of metre rule = _________N [4] G762H6 979 7 [Turn over (c) To change a wheel, part of a car can be lifted using a hydraulic jack. When the mechanic pushes on the handle, a force F1 is made to act on a small piston. This piston is in contact with oil, as shown in the diagram. Large piston Small piston F2 Oil F1 (i) The force F1 is 100 N and the area of the small piston is 4 cm2. Calculate the pressure acting on the oil. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Pressure = _____________ N/cm2 [3] (ii) If the area of the large piston is 10 cm2, calculate the size of the force F2, which acts on the large piston. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Force F2 = _____________ N [4] G762H6 979 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (iii) The diagram below shows part of a car being lifted. Examiner Only Marks Remark Handle Effort = 40 N F1 F2 Load = 1500 N When using the jack to raise the part of a car, which is a load of 1500 N, a mechanic exerts an effort of 40 N and moves the end of the handle a distance of 20 cm. This causes the part of the car to be raised a vertical distance of 0.5 cm. By calculating the input work and the useful output work, determine the efficiency of the jack. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Efficiency = ____________________ [6] G762H6 979 9 [Turn over 3 (a) John blows his whistle. A short time later he hears the sound of the whistle again, though it is much fainter this time. In front of him there is a long high wall. (i) Explain, fully, how the sound of the whistle is heard twice. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] Using a stop watch, John measures the time interval between blowing the whistle and hearing the whistle a second time. The stop watch records a time of 0.8 seconds. Then he measures the distance to the wall and finds it to be 138 m. (ii) Using John s measurements, calculate the speed of sound in air. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed of sound = _________________ m/s [3] G762H6 979 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark (b) As a wave passes through a certain medium, the particles vibrate through a distance of 5 cm, parallel to the direction of the wave, as shown in the diagram below. Examiner Only Marks Remark In the diagram, the particle marked X vibrates through a distance of 5 cm. (AB = 5 cm) Direction of travel of the wave A X B Particle X vibrates from A to B and back again. (i) What kind of wave is this? _____________________________ [1] (ii) What is the amplitude of the wave? ___________________ cm [1] The time for one complete vibration of the particles of the medium is 0.5 seconds. (iii) Calculate the frequency of the wave. Frequency = __________________ Hz [3] (iv) The wavelength of the wave is 50 cm. Calculate the speed of the wave. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Speed = __________________ cm/s [3] G762H6 979 11 [Turn over (c) The diagram below shows a ray of light passing through water towards the air above. The critical angle for water is 49 . Air Water 40 Normal (i) On the diagram above, continue the ray of light showing how it behaves at the surface of the water. [4] The diagram below shows a second ray of light approaching the water surface at a different angle. Remember the critical angle of the water is 49 . Air Water 60 Normal (ii) Continue this ray to show how it behaves at the surface of the water. G762H6 979 12 [2] Examiner Only Marks Remark (d) Describe one use of optical fibres in medicine, making clear the special properties of the fibre that make it suitable for the use described. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] Quality of written communication G762H6 979 [1] 13 [Turn over 4 The diagram shows the structure of an electric bell. Examiner Only Marks Springy metal strip Soft iron core Contact screw Armature Gong Hammer (a) Describe, fully, why the hammer repeatedly hits the gong as long as the switch is closed. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [5] G762H6 979 14 Remark (b) The diagram shows an iron ring on which two coils are wound. One coil is connected to a switch and battery. The other coil is connected to a sensitive ammeter. When no current flows in the circuit, the pointer of this ammeter points at zero. Examiner Only Marks Remark Soft iron ring 0 + Sensitive ammeter Describe, carefully, what happens to the pointer of the sensitive ammeter when each of the following actions are carried out. (i) The switch is closed and kept closed. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The switch is now opened and left open. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain your answers to parts (i) and (ii). ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762H6 979 15 [Turn over (c) A bicycle generator (dynamo) uses a rotating magnet as shown in the diagram. This produces an alternating current. Rotation Rotation N S Iron core Iron core Lamp Lamp (i) Sketch on the axes below how this alternating current varies with time. Current 0 Time [2] (ii) Explain how an alternating current differs from a direct current. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G762H6 979 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (d) A transformer is used to step up the voltage at a power station. Examiner Only Marks Remark Power station (i) Explain fully how stepping up the voltage in this way reduces energy losses in the National Grid. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] A transformer steps the voltage up from 25 kV to 132 kV. The primary coil in this transformer has 2000 turns. Core Primary coil Secondary coil (ii) Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil. You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer. Number of turns in secondary coil = _____________________ [4] G762H6 979 17 [Turn over (e) A magnetic field can be created by passing a current through a coil of wire. On the diagram below draw a maximum of five magnetic field lines to show the shape of the magnetic field produced. Label the polarity of each end of the coil and the direction of the magnetic field lines. The arrows on the wire and the windings show the direction of the current flow. [3] G762H6 979 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G762H6 979 19 [Turn over 5 (a) (i) What is a light year? Examiner Only Marks ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) When astronomers observe light coming from very distant stars they are often described as looking back in time . Explain what this means. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) In the diagram below, the dotted line shows the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. Four different positions along this path are marked A, B, C and D. The arrows show the direction of the Earth s motion around the Sun. D C Sun A B G762H6 979 20 Remark (i) In the Northern Hemisphere, it is autumn when the Earth is at position B. What is the season at the three other positions along the orbit? Examiner Only Marks Remark A = __________________________ [1] C = __________________________ [1] D = __________________________ [1] The diagram below shows the Earth when it is at position A. Sunlight (ii) Shade, carefully, the portion of the Earth which is in darkness. [2] G762H6 979 21 [Turn over The diagram below shows the Earth when it is at position C. Examiner Only Marks X Y Sunlight Z (iii) Which one of the lines X, Y or Z best shows the axis about which the Earth spins? _________________ [1] (iv) Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762H6 979 22 Remark (c) Comets orbit the Sun in paths that are not circular. The diagram below shows the orbit of a comet around the Sun. The diagram also shows four positions of the comet as it makes its way towards the Sun and then away again. Examiner Only Marks Remark Sun (i) State clearly what causes the force that keeps the comet in orbit around the Sun. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) On the diagram, mark the direction of this force at the four positions of the comet along its orbit. [2] (iii) Describe, fully, how the strength of the force on the comet varies, if at all, as its distance from the Sun decreases and then increases. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G762H6 979 23 [Turn over (d) The following statements summarise the gas cloud, sometimes called the nebular model of the formation of a star and solar system. A. The force of gravity pulls gas particles closer together. B. As the particles come closer together the density at the centre of the cloud increases. C. As the gas particles come closer together the temperature of the cloud increases. D. When the temperature reaches a very high value, nuclear fission starts, and a star is born. (i) Which one of the above statements (A, B, C, D) is incorrect? Explain why it is incorrect. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State one piece of evidence that astronomers have noticed that supports the view that our solar system has developed from a single cloud of gas. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What happened first, the Big Bang or the formation of our solar system? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) State one piece of evidence that astronomers have that supports the idea that the universe was created in a large explosion. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G762H6 979 24 Examiner Only Marks Remark THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G762H6 979 25 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 8/05 5300 302507(90)S

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