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UK GCSE 2010 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 2

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 [G4604] G4604 Paper 2 Higher Tier *G4604* History WEDNESDAY 9 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer two questions. Answer Section A and one question from Section B. There is a choice in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Resource Booklet referring to question 1 accompanies this paper. 5526 For question 1 refer to the source material in the Resource Booklet. Section A 1 Relations between Cuba, the USA and the USSR, 1959 1962. (a) Study Source A. What does Source A tell us about the reasons for the change in relations between Cuba and the USA after Castro came to power? [4] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source C support the statement by Khrushchev in Source B that his actions in Cuba were to make sure that Cuba stayed communist ? [6] (c) Source D is a photograph of Castro and Khrushchev in Moscow after the Cuban Missile Crisis. How reliable and useful is Source D to an historian studying relations between Cuba, the USA and the USSR between 1959 and 1962? [8] (d) In Source C the author states, Instead of simply helping Castro to remain in power, Khrushchev decided to use Cuba to help the USSR . Using Sources A, B and C and your own knowledge, explain whether or not this is a fair interpretation of the reasons for the change in relations between Cuba, the USA and the USSR from 1959 to 1962. [12] 5526 2 Section B Answer one question from this section. Answer both parts of the question. 2 This question is about the Cold War in Europe between 1945 and 1968. (a) Explain how and why Germany caused increasing tensions in relations between the USA and the USSR between 1945 and 1949. [18] (b) How did the USSR deal with challenges to its control over Eastern Europe between 1956 and 1968? [12] 3 This question is about the Korean War. (a) Explain how and why the USA and China became involved in the Korean War between 1950 and 1953. [18] (b) What gains and losses did involvement in the Korean War have for the USA and China by 1953? [12] 4 This question is about the Vietnam War. (a) Explain how and why the USA increased its involvement in Vietnam between 1954 and 1967. [18] (b) How did the USA s involvement in the Vietnam War change between 1968 and 1975? [12] 5526 3 5526 General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 Paper 2 Foundation and Higher Tiers [G4602] [G4604] WEDNESDAY 9 JUNE, MORNING RESOURCE BOOKLET 5618 G4602G4604 History Source Materials: Relations between Cuba, the USA and the USSR, 1959 1962 Source A: Modern historian writing about the effect of Castro s actions in Cuba from 1959 to 1961 Fidel Castro was a nationalist who promised to end Cuba s dependence on the USA and to introduce social reforms. In 1959 he took land owned by US businessmen and gave it to Cuban peasants. The US government responded by reducing the amount of sugar it bought from Cuba. When Castro seized more US property, President Eisenhower banned all Cuban sugar imports. Castro approached the USSR which agreed to buy all the sugar Cuba produced. Khrushchev, the Russian leader, also offered to sell Russian machinery and oil to Cuba. When Kennedy became President in 1961 he was told of a CIA plan to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. He allowed the plan to go ahead. The Cuban Missile Crisis, Peter Chrisp (Hodder Wayland, 2001) adapted Source B: Khrushchev explains the USSR s actions in Cuba between 1959 and 1962 We had a duty to make sure that Cuba stayed communist and that Castro was protected. It would be a good example to other countries in Central and South America. We also wanted to sell our tractors and oil to Cuba. One thought kept hammering at my brain what will happen if we lose Cuba? I knew it would be a terrible blow to communism and to the USSR. It would seriously damage our reputation throughout the world. Khrushchev Remembers, An Autobiography (1971) adapted Source C: Modern historian writing about the reasons for the USSR s actions in Cuba between 1959 and 1962 Khrushchev was already giving financial aid and political support to Castro and Cuba. Instead of simply helping Castro to remain in power, he (Khrushchev) decided to use Cuba to help the USSR. He wanted to turn the island into a Russian base directly threatening the USA with Russian missiles. He hoped to get the USA to remove its missiles from Turkey because these threatened many parts of the USSR. World Relations since 1945, Peter Calvocoressi (1996) adapted 5618 2 Source D: A photograph of Castro and Khrushchev, taken when Castro visited Moscow after the Cuban Missile Crisis Hulton Archive/Getty Images 5618 3 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 5618

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