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UK GCSE 2008 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 1

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 1 Higher Tier G4603 History [G4603] WEDNESDAY 28 MAY, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in parts (b) and (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. G461H8 3544 Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either Or Or A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 2 to page 4 A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 5 to page 7 A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 8 to page 10 A1: Germany c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) (i) Give two reasons for the weakness of the Weimar Republic. (ii) Give two reasons why the Treaty of Versailles was unpopular with many Germans. [4] (b) (i) How did the German government s attitude to reparations lead to the hyperinflation crisis in 1923? [4] (ii) How did the hyperinflation crisis affect the lives of German people in 1923? [5] (c) How and why were the Nazis able to rise to power between 1923 and 1933? Use the following to explain your answer. Munich Putsch and its results Nazi tactics between 1924 and 1928 Growth in support for Nazis between 1929 and 1933 G461H8 3544 2 [12] 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. (a) (i) Give two actions taken by the Nazis to bring the churches in Germany under control. (ii) Give two ways in which the lives of Jews changed under the Nazis from 1933 to 1939. [4] (b) (i) How did the Nazis try to control the lives of women in Germany between 1933 and 1939? [4] (ii) How did life change for workers in Germany between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) Why and how did the Nazis strengthen their control over Germany between January 1933 and August 1934? Use the following to explain your answer. Reichstag Fire and its results Laws introduced to deal with opposition Night of the Long Knives G461H8 3544 [12] 3 [Turn over 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. (a) (i) Give two ways in which Hitler broke the military terms of the Treaty of Versailles between 1933 and 1935. (ii) Give two reasons why Hitler took over the Rhineland in 1936. (b) (i) How was Hitler able to take over Austria in 1938? (ii) How was Hitler able to take over the Sudetenland in 1938? [4] [4] [5] (c) Explain how and why Germany went to war in 1939 and 1941. Use the following to explain your answer. Germany s invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 Germany s invasion of Poland in September 1939 Germany s invasion of Russia in June 1941 G461H8 3544 4 [12] A2: Russia c1916 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) (i) Give two weaknesses of the Provisional Government when it came to power in February 1917. (ii) Give one reason for, and one result of, the July Days. [4] (b) (i) How did the Bolsheviks gain support after Lenin s return to Russia in April 1917? [4] (ii) What mistakes did the Provisional Government make in ruling Russia between February and October 1917? [5] (c) How and why did World War One lead to the downfall of Tsar Nicholas II in Russia in February 1917? Use the following to explain your answer. Russia s military weaknesses Effects of war on economy and society in Russia Political weaknesses of the Tsarist system and the February Revolution G461H8 3544 5 [12] [Turn over 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Lenin closed down the Constituent Assembly in January 1918. (ii) Give two effects on Russia of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk, March 1918. [4] (b) (i) How did War Communism affect the lives of workers and peasants in Russia? [4] (ii) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of workers and peasants in Russia? [5] (c) How and why did the Bolsheviks win the Russian Civil War? Use the following to explain your answer. Trotsky s leadership and the strengths of the Reds The Cheka and the Red Terror Weaknesses of the White Army G461H8 3544 [12] 6 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Stalin introduced Collectivisation in 1928. (ii) Give two ways in which Collectivisation changed agriculture in the USSR by 1941. [4] (b) (i) How did relations between the USSR and Germany change between 1939 and 1941? [4] (ii) How did Stalin s Five Year Plans affect industry and the lives of workers between 1928 and 1941? [5] (c) How and why did Stalin increase his control over the USSR between 1924 and 1941? Use the following to explain your answer. The struggle for power, 1924 1929 Actions against political opponents in the 1930s The labour camps and the Great Terror G461H8 [12] 7 [Turn over 3544 A3: United States of America c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about America in the 1920s. (a) (i) Give one effect of radio and one effect of jazz music on lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s. (ii) Give two reasons for the increase in organised crime in the USA in the 1920s. (b) (i) How did the USA s relations with Europe change between 1918 and 1924? (ii) What problems did Black Americans face in the 1920s? [4] [4] [5] (c) How and why did the American economy experience a boom in the 1920s? Use the following to explain your answer. New industries of the 1920s Improved methods of production New methods of marketing G461H8 3544 [12] 8 8 This question is about the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) (i) Give two effects of the Wall Street Crash on banks in the USA. (ii) Give two reasons why most Americans supported Roosevelt in the election for President in 1932. [4] (b) (i) How did speculation in the stock market help to cause the Wall Street Crash in October 1929? [4] (ii) What actions did Hoover take to deal with the effects of the Depression between 1929 and 1932? [5] (c) How and why were the lives of Americans affected by the Depression between 1929 and 1932? Use the following to explain your answer. Impact on the economy and those in employment Impact on the lives of the unemployed Impact on farmers and sharecroppers G461H8 3544 [12] 9 [Turn over 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. (a) (i) Give two aims of the Civilian Conservation Corps. (ii) Give one method suggested by each of the following for ending the Depression: Huey Long Dr Townsend [4] (b) (i) How did his problems with the Supreme Court affect Roosevelt and the New Deal? [4] (ii) How did the New Deal affect agriculture and the lives of farmers and sharecroppers between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did workers and businessmen in the United States of America have different attitudes towards Roosevelt and the New Deal? Use the following to explain your answer. Attitudes to agencies creating employment and their effects Attitudes to agencies affecting working conditions and rights of workers Attitudes of groups which did not benefit from the New Deal G461H8 3544 10 [12] Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 11 to page 13. Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 14 to page 16. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships in the 1930s. (a) (i) Give two reasons why de Valera made changes to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. (ii) Give two ways in which Britain prepared to defend itself before the outbreak of World War Two. [4] (b) (i) How did the actions of de Valera lead to the outbreak of an Economic War between Britain and Eire in the 1930s? [4] (ii) How did the actions of the Eire and British governments lead to the end of the Economic War in 1938? (c) (i) Why and how did Britain s policy of appeasement towards Germany change between 1938 and 1939? [5] [6] (ii) Why did the government of Eire adopt a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War Two? [6] G461H8 3544 11 [Turn over 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Belfast was bombed by Germany during World War Two. (ii) Give two reasons why Belfast was so badly affected by the Blitz. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did Eire maintain its neutrality during World War Two? [4] (ii) In what ways did Britain defend itself from invasion from the outbreak of the war in 1939 to September 1941? [5] (c) (i) Explain the effects of World War Two on the lives of people in Eire. [6] (ii) Explain why and how Northern Ireland supported Britain s war effort during World War Two. [6] G461H8 3544 12 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the education system in Northern Ireland was changed by the Education Act of 1947. (ii) Give two examples of how living standards in the Republic of Ireland differed from those in Northern Ireland by the end of the 1940s. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did people in Northern Ireland react to the introduction of the Welfare State? [4] (ii) How did the Welfare State improve the lives of people in Northern Ireland? [5] (c) (i) Explain why and how the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act of 1949 changed relationships between the Republic of Ireland and Britain. [6] (ii) Explain why and how people in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland responded to the Ireland Act of 1949. [6] G461H8 3544 13 [Turn over B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) (i) Give two examples of O Neill s attempts to improve relations with nationalists in Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (ii) Give two reasons why O Neill introduced the Five-Point Programme of reforms in 1968. [4] (b) (i) How did unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland respond to O Neill s Five-Point Programme of November 1968? [4] (ii) How did O Neill try to deal with the economic problems Northern Ireland faced in the 1960s? [5] (c) (i) Explain why the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association emerged in Northern Ireland in the 1960s. [6] (ii) Explain why and how the civil rights protests led to violence in the 1960s. G461H8 3544 14 [6] 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct Rule. (a) (i) Give two reasons for the emergence of the Provisional IRA in 1969. (ii) Give one unionist and one nationalist response to the events of Bloody Sunday in January 1972. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did violence increase in Northern Ireland in July and August 1969? [4] (ii) How did people in Northern Ireland respond to the arrival of British troops in August 1969? [5] (c) (i) Explain why and how new political groupings emerged in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1971. [6] (ii) Why and how was internment introduced in Northern Ireland in August 1971? G461H8 3544 15 [6] [Turn over 15 This question is about the search for a solution. (a) (i) Give one nationalist and one unionist reaction to the introduction of Direct Rule in 1972. (ii) Give two terms of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. (b) (i) In what ways did nationalists react to the Hunger Strikes of 1980 81? [4] [4] (ii) In what ways did unionists respond to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? [5] (c) (i) Why were many unionists opposed to the Power-Sharing Executive of 1974? [6] (ii) Why and how did the UWC strike of 1974 lead to the collapse of the Power-Sharing Executive? [6] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G461H8 3544 16 SP (NF) T50119/6

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