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UK GCSE 2008 : History - Revised , Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 1 Foundation Tier G4601 History [G4601] WEDNESDAY 28 MAY, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number Marks TIME Section A 2 hours. 1 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 3 Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. If needed, you can ask for more sheets to finish your answers. Please attach these sheets to your booklet using the tag supplied. 4 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 5 6 7 8 9 Section B 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Marks G461F8 3543.07 R Answer four questions only. Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. CONTENTS pages 1 2 3 Chosen Subject Area Germany Pages 3 14 Germany The Weimar Republic Germany Nazi Germany Germany Nazi policy towards Europe 3 6 7 10 11 14 4 5 6 Chosen Subject Area Russia Pages 15 26 Russia The Fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions Russia Russia after the Revolution Russia Stalinist Russia 15 18 19 22 23 26 Chosen Subject Area USA Pages 27 38 7 8 9 USA 1920s America USA 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression USA Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 27 30 31 34 35 38 Section B Answer two question from your chosen subject area. Chosen Subject Area Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 39 50 10 Peace, War and Neutrality Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 11 Peace, War and Neutrality Experience of and Response to War 12 Peace, War and Neutrality Post-War Relationships 39 42 43 46 47 50 Chosen Subject Area Changing Relationships Pages 51 62 13 Changing Relationships Northern Ireland in the 1960s 14 Changing Relationships Prelude to Direct Rule 15 Changing Relationships The Search for a Solution 51 54 55 58 59 62 G461F8 3543.07 R 2 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 3 to page 14 Or A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 15 to page 26 Or A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 27 to page 38. A1: Germany c1918 c1941. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic: Br ning Communists The Ruhr Hindenburg Reparations Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Politician known as the Hunger Chancellor (ii) The President who appointed Hitler as Chancellor ______________________ [1] (iii) Group which opposed the Nazis ______________________ [1] (iv) Money to be paid by Germany for damage caused during World War One ______________________ [1] (v) Area of Germany occupied by France in 1923 G461F8 Br ning ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 3 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Germany experienced an economic Depression after 1929. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the Depression of 1929 1932 on Germany. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Hyperinflation and the achievements of Gustav Stresemann, 1923 to 1929; Or Violent opposition to the Weimar Republic, 1919 to 1923. Either Hyperinflation and the achievements of Gustav Stresemann, 1923 to 1929. (i) Why did hyperinflation take place in Germany in 1923? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What actions were taken by Stresemann to help the German economy to recover in 1923 and afterwards? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Violent opposition to the Weimar Republic, 1919 to 1923. (i) Why did each of the following oppose the Weimar Republic? The Spartacists _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Dr Kapp ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] The Nazis _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G461F8 3543.07 R 5 [Turn over (ii) How did the Weimar government deal with opposition from the following? The Spartacists _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Dr Kapp ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] The Nazis _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G461F8 3543.07 R 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939: The Night of the Long Knives KDF Confessional Church Reichstag Fire Four Year Plan Following the example given below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Church which opposed the Nazis (ii) Economic scheme to prepare Germany for war ______________________ [1] (iii) Event when the leaders of the SA were killed ______________________ [1] (iv) Event in 1933 which helped Hitler become dictator ______________________ [1] (v) Nazi leisure organisation G461F8 Confessional Church ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 7 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Nazis wanted to control women in Germany. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the Nazis tried to control women in Germany between 1933 and 1939. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Education and Youth in Nazi Germany; Or The Police State and Propaganda. Either Education and Youth in Nazi Germany. (i) Why did the Nazis want to control young people in Germany? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Nazis use schools and youth groups to control young people in Germany between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Police State and Propaganda. (i) How and why were the SS and Gestapo able to help the Nazis to strengthen their control over Germany between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 9 [Turn over (ii) In what ways did the Nazis use propaganda to control the German people between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi policy towards Europe between 1933 and 1941: Rhineland Operation Barbarossa Hacha Luftwaffe Britain Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia Hacha in 1939 ______________________ (ii) German air force ______________________ [1] (iii) German troops entered this area in 1936 ______________________ [1] (iv) Country which declared war on Germany in 1939 ______________________ [1] (v) Name given to Germany s invasion of Russia in 1941 ______________________ [1] G461F8 3543.07 R 11 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the German invasion of Poland in 1939. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two of Hitler s foreign policy aims. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Breaking the terms of the Treaty of Versailles; Or The Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia, 1938 1939. Either Breaking the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. (i) Why was Hitler able to send his army into the Rhineland in 1936? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 12 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Hitler build up Germany s military strength between 1933 and 1935? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia, 1938 1939. (i) Why did Germany want to take over the Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 13 [Turn over (ii) How did the Nazis take control of the Sudetenland in 1938 and the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A1 Germany c1918 c1941 G461F8 3543.07 R 14 Examiner Only Marks Remark A2: Russia c1916 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) Below is a list of places associated with Russia s involvement in World War One: Germany Mogilev Tannenberg Petrograd Switzerland Following the example below, match each place to the correct description: (i) Headquarters of the Russian army in World War One (ii) Enemy of Russia in World War One ______________________ [1] (iii) Country where Lenin lived between 1914 and April 1917 ______________________ [1] (iv) New name for the capital of Russia in World War One ______________________ [1] (v) Major defeat for the Russian army in World War One G461F8 Mogilev ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 15 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one effect of the July Days on the Provisional Government. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two events of the February Revolution. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Effects of World War One; Or Downfall of the Provisional Government. Either The Effects of World War One. (i) Why were Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin unpopular in Russia by 1916? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were the lives of workers and peasants affected by World War One? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Downfall of the Provisional Government. (i) Why did each of the following lead to a fall in support for the Provisional Government: Policy on the war Policy on land? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 17 [Turn over (ii) How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks gain control of Russia in October 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of places associated with the early years of Bolshevik rule: Moscow Ekaterinburg Germany France Kronstadt Following the example below, match each place to the correct description: (i) Country with which Russia signed Germany the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ (ii) Mutiny of sailors took place here (iii) New capital of Russia during the Civil War ______________________ [1] (iv) Country that sent troops to fight against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War ______________________ [1] (v) Nicholas II and his family were executed here in 1918 G461F8 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 19 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one term of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the New Economic Policy on the lives of peasants in Russia by 1924. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either War Communism; Or The Civil War: Causes and Events. Either War Communism. (i) Why were War Communism and the Red Terror introduced by the Bolsheviks in 1918? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 20 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did War Communism affect the lives of people in Russia between 1918 and 1920? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Civil War: Causes and Events. (i) Why did the actions of the Bolsheviks between November 1917 and June 1918 lead to the Russian Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 21 [Turn over (ii) How and why did the Red Army defeat its enemies in the Russian Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 22 Examiner Only Marks Remark 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of words associated with the Five Year Plans introduced by Stalin in 1928: Quotas Moscow Metro Magnitogorsk Stakhanov Gosplan Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) A hero of the Five Year Plans famous for his production of coal Stakhanov ______________________ (ii) An underground train system built in the capital ______________________ [1] (iii) Central Planning Agency for the Five Year Plans (iv) Production targets that each industry had to meet ______________________ [1] (v) A new city built during the Five Year Plans G461F8 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 23 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Trotsky failed to become ruler of the USSR after the death of Lenin in 1924. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two methods used by Stalin to gain control of the USSR by 1929. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Five Year Plans and Collectivisation; Or Stalin s Control of the USSR and Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939 1941. Either The Five Year Plans and Collectivisation. (i) Why did Stalin introduce the Five Year Plans for industry in the USSR in 1928? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 24 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What were the effects of Collectivisation on Russian agriculture and the lives of peasants by 1941? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Stalin s Control of the USSR and Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939 1941. (i) Why did the USSR and Germany sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939 and why was the USSR invaded by Germany in 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 25 [Turn over (ii) What methods did Stalin use to control the USSR in the 1930s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A2 Russia c1916 c1941 G461F8 3543.07 R 26 Examiner Only Marks Remark A3: United States of America c1918 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about the main features of life in 1920s America. (a) Below is a list of words that are linked to the USA s role in the world between 1918 and 1928: Republican League of Nations Tariffs Isolationism Wilson Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) Taxes placed on goods imported to the USA (ii) President who got the USA involved in World War One ______________________ [1] (iii) Political party that ruled the USA during the 1920s ______________________ [1] (iv) Organisation to keep world peace set up at the Paris Peace Conference ______________________ [1] (v) Policy of not getting involved with other countries G461F8 Tariffs ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 27 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Prohibition was introduced in the USA in 1920. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of Prohibition on life in the USA in the 1920s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Popular Entertainment and the Economic Boom; Or Black Americans and Immigrants. Either Popular Entertainment and the Economic Boom. (i) Why did Americans have different views on cinema, jazz music and dance in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 28 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did consumer goods and the motor car change lives in the USA in the 1920s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Black Americans and Immigrants. (i) Why did Black Americans and immigrants face hostility in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 29 [Turn over (ii) What problems did Black Americans and immigrants experience in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 30 Examiner Only Marks Remark 8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of words associated with the Wall Street Crash: On the Margin Stockbroker Confidence Coolidge Black Thursday Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) The belief that the price of shares would continue to increase Confidence ______________________ (ii) Person who bought and sold shares ______________________ [1] (iii) Day when the price of shares collapsed (iv) Method of buying shares by paying a 10% deposit ______________________ [1] (v) USA President when share values increased dramatically G461F8 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 31 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Bonus Army came to Washington in 1932. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two effects of the Depression on the lives of the unemployed. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The 1932 Election and the Depression and Agriculture; Or Hoover and the Depression. Either The 1932 Election and the Depression and Agriculture. (i) Why did Roosevelt defeat Hoover in the 1932 election for president? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 32 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Depression affect agriculture and the lives of farmers between 1929 and 1932? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Hoover and the Depression. (i) Why did the American economy go into depression after the Wall Street Crash? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 33 [Turn over (ii) How did Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression on industry and agriculture between 1929 and 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 34 Examiner Only Marks Remark 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the effects of the New Deal on agriculture and the lives of people in the countryside: Dust Bowl the CCC Dorothea Lange the AAA California Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Photographer who showed the hardship of farmers during the Depression (ii) New Deal agency set up to help increase farm prices ______________________ [1] (iii) Area in the Mid-West badly affected by drought in the 1930s ______________________ [1] (iv) State where many poor farmers went in search of a better life ______________________ [1] (v) New Deal agency set up to plant trees and improve drainage G461F8 Dorothea Lange ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 35 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Roosevelt began the Fireside Chats. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the USA s decision to enter World War Two on its economy. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Opposition to the New Deal; Or The TVA and Unemployment and the rights of Workers. Either Opposition to the New Deal. (i) Why did the Republican Party and Big Business oppose the New Deal? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 36 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What problems did the Supreme Court cause for Roosevelt and how did he deal with these problems? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The TVA and Unemployment and the rights of Workers. (i) Why was the Tennessee Valley Authority one of the most successful of Roosevelt s New Deal agencies? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 37 [Turn over (ii) How did the New Deal agencies deal with the problem of unemployment and the rights of workers? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 End of Section A G461F8 3543.07 R 38 Examiner Only Marks Remark Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 39 to page 50 Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 51 to page 62. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two. (a) Below is a list of words associated with Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two: Neville Oath of Berehaven Chamberlain Allegiance De Valera Conscription Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) British Prime Minister in 1938 Neville Chamberlain ______________________ (ii) One of the treaty ports ______________________ [1] (iii) Leader of the Eire government in 1938 ______________________ [1] (iv) Abolished by the Eire government in 1933 ______________________ [1] (v) Introduced in Britain in April 1939 ______________________ [1] G461F8 3543.07 R 39 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Britain gave up the Treaty Ports in 1938. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why Britain followed a policy of appeasement towards Hitler during the 1930s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Economic War between 1933 and 1938; Or Responses to the Threat of War. Either The Economic War between 1933 and 1938. (i) Why did the Economic War between Britain and Eire begin in 1933? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 40 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Economic War affect agriculture and industry in Britain and Eire? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Responses to the Threat of War. (i) Why did de Valera want Eire to remain neutral when World War Two broke out in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 41 [Turn over (ii) What actions were taken by the governments of Northern Ireland and Britain to prepare for war with Germany in 1938 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 42 Examiner Only Marks Remark 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the experience of war: J. M. Andrews Home Guard Donegal Corridor Radar Bismarck Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) He became Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1940 J. M. Andrews ______________________ (ii) A defence system against air attack ______________________ [1] (iii) A special unit which defended Britain against invasion ______________________ [1] (iv) German battleship sunk by RAF and Royal Navy ______________________ [1] (v) Air space between Fermanagh and Irish Coast ______________________ [1] G461F8 3543.07 R 43 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Germans bombed Belfast during World War Two. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two reasons why Belfast was so badly damaged during the Blitz of 1941. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Northern Ireland and the war effort; Or Eire and World War Two. Either Northern Ireland and the war effort. (i) Why was Northern Ireland s military contribution important to the war effort? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 44 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Northern Ireland s industry and agriculture help the war effort during World War Two? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Eire and World War Two. (i) Why did the British government try to persuade Eire to join World War Two against Germany? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 45 [Turn over (ii) In what ways did de Valera follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 46 Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of words associated with the Welfare State: Attlee Family Allowance Old Age Pension Housing Trust Unemployment Benefit Following the sample below, match each word to the correct description: (i) British Prime Minister who introduced the Welfare State (ii) Benefit for families with children ______________________ [1] (iii) Government payment for people out of work ______________________ [1] (iv) Benefit for people over 65 ______________________ [1] (v) Set up to provide houses after World War Two G461F8 Attlee ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 47 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why some people welcomed the introduction of (b) the Welfare State. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two reasons why some people opposed the introduction of the Welfare State. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Ireland Act of 1949; Or The Welfare State. Either The Ireland Act of 1949. (i) Why did the British government introduce the Ireland Act of 1949? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 48 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were relationships between Eire, Britain and Northern Ireland affected by the Ireland Act of 1949? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Welfare State. (i) Why did the standard of living in Northern Ireland differ from that of Eire between 1945 and 1949? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 49 [Turn over (ii) How did the introduction of the Welfare State change health, housing and education in Northern Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B1 Peace, War and Neutrality c1932 c1949 G461F8 3543.07 R 50 Examiner Only Marks Remark B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This is a question about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) Below is a list of people associated with events in Northern Ireland in the 1960s: Jack Lynch William Craig Terence O Neill John Hume Ian Paisley Following the example below, match each person to the correct description: (i) Minister of Home Affairs in 1968 William Craig ______________________ (ii) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1968 ______________________ [1] (iii) Protestant religious leader who opposed the Civil Rights Movement (iv) A Civil Rights leader in the 1960s ______________________ [1] (v) The Taoiseach who visited Northern Ireland in 1967 G461F8 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 51 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one effect of the People s Democracy march in January 1969. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one nationalist and one unionist reaction to O Neill s Five Point Programme of reforms introduced on 22 November 1968. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement; Or O Neill s attempts to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s. Either The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement. (i) Explain why the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement was set up in 1967. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 52 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did unionists and nationalists react to the Civil Rights Movement in 1968 and 1969? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or O Neill s attempts to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s. (i) Why did O Neill try to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 53 [Turn over (ii) What actions did O Neill take to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 54 Examiner Only Marks Remark 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct Rule. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Northern Ireland in the period 1969 1972: Brian Faulkner Hunt Report Downing Street Declaration Paddy Devlin Edward Heath Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Proposals to reform the RUC (ii) British Prime Minister at the time of Bloody Sunday ______________________ [1] (iii) Prominent founder member of the SDLP ______________________ [1] (iv) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland at the time of internment ______________________ [1] (v) Reforms introduced in August 1969 G461F8 Hunt Report ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 55 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why either the Alliance Party or the DUP was formed in 1970 71. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one policy of each of these parties: Alliance Party _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] DUP _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Arrival of British troops in Northern Ireland; Or Emergence of paramilitary groups and internment. Either Arrival of British troops in Northern Ireland. (i) Why did the British government send troops to Northern Ireland in August 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 56 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did attitudes to British troops in Northern Ireland change between 1969 and 1971? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Emergence of paramilitary groups and internment. (i) Why did the Provisional IRA emerge in 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 57 [Turn over (ii) Why did internment lead to an increase in violence and support for paramilitaries by 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F8 3543.07 R 58 Examiner Only Marks Remark 15 This question is about the search for a solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of places and terms associated with the search for a solution: Bloody Friday Brighton New Ireland Forum Direct Rule Hillsborough Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Town where the Anglo-Irish agreement was signed in 1985 (ii) Method of governing Northern Ireland after the suspension of Stormont ______________________ [1] (iii) Place where an attempt was made to kill British politicians in 1984 ______________________ [1] (iv) Day of widespread bombing in Belfast ______________________ [1] (v) Set up by Garrett Fitzgerald in 1983 G461F8 Hillsborough ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3543.07 R 59 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one term of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. (b) _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two nationalist reactions to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Hunger Strikes of 1980 81; Or Suspension of Stormont. Either The Hunger Strikes of 1980 81. (i) Why did republican prisoners go on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 60 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did nationalists and the British government react to the Hunger Strikes? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Suspension of Stormont. (i) Why did the British government suspend the Northern Ireland parliament and introduce Direct Rule in March 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F8 3543.07 R 61 [Turn over (ii) How did unionists and nationalists respond to the suspension of the Northern Ireland parliament and the introduction of Direct Rule in March 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B2 Changing Relationships c1965 c1985 End of Section B G461F8 3543.07 R 62 Examiner Only Marks Remark THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G461F8 3543.07 R 63 SP (SC) T69843/7 R

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