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UK GCSE 2007 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 1

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 1 Higher Tier G4603 History [G4603] WEDNESDAY 30 MAY, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in parts (b) and (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. G461H7 2204 Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either Or Or A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 2 to page 4 A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 5 to page 7 A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 8 to page 10 A1: Germany c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) (i) Give two effects of the Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923 on the lives of Germans. (ii) Give two methods used by the Nazi Party between 1924 and 1928 to win support in Germany. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles cause problems for the Weimar Governments between 1919 and 1923? [4] (ii) How did the Weimar Governments deal with violent opposition between 1919 and 1923? [5] (c) Between 1929 and 1933 the Weimar Republic faced many problems. Explain why and how the Weimar Government collapsed in January 1933. Use the following to explain your answer. Weaknesses in the Weimar Governments, 1929 1933 Effects of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 Growth of extremist parties, 1929 1933 G461H7 2204 2 [12] 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. (a) (i) Give two examples of how the Nazis increased their control over Germany in 1933. (ii) Give two ways in which the Night of the Long Knives strengthened Hitler s position in Germany. [4] (b) (i) How did the Nazis try to reduce unemployment in Germany between 1933 and 1939? [4] (ii) In what ways did the lives of Jews in Germany change between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) Why and how were the Nazis able to bring the people of Germany under their control between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. Policies towards young people The Police State Propaganda G461H7 2204 [12] 3 [Turn over 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. (a) (i) Give two aims of Hitler s foreign policy. (ii) Give two reasons why Germany invaded Russia in 1941. (b) (i) In what ways did Germany benefit from the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939? (ii) How did Germany strengthen its armed forces between 1933 and 1935? [4] [4] [5] (c) How and why was Hitler able to expand Germany s borders by March 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. Austria, 1938 The Sudetenland, 1938 The invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1939 G461H7 2204 4 [12] A2: Russia c1916 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) (i) Give two reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in World War One. (ii) Give two events of the October Revolution of 1917. [4] (b) (i) How did the actions of Rasputin and Tsarina Alexandra lead to problems for Tsar Nicholas II during World War One? [4] (ii) How were the lives of people in Russia affected by World War One? [5] (c) How and why did the Provisional Government face problems in ruling Russia from February to October 1917? Use the following to explain your answer. The Petrograd Soviet and unpopular policies The Kornilov Revolt and its consequences Actions of the Bolsheviks G461H7 2204 [12] 5 [Turn over 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. (a) (i) Give two strengths of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. (ii) Give two weaknesses of the White Army in the Russian Civil War. (b) (i) How did Bolshevik rule affect Russia from the October Revolution until the beginning of the Civil War in 1918? [4] [4] (ii) In what ways were agriculture and the lives of peasants affected by the introduction of the New Economic Policy in 1921? [5] (c) Explain how and why War Communism and the New Economic Policy changed industry and the lives of city workers between 1918 and 1924. Use the following to explain your answer. Effects of the Civil War on industry and the lives of workers Effects of the NEP on industry Effects of the NEP on the lives of workers G461H7 2204 6 [12] 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. (a) (i) Give two terms of the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939. (ii) Give two reasons for the failure of the German invasion of the USSR in 1941. [4] (b) (i) How did Stalin become ruler of the USSR by 1929? [4] (ii) How did Stalin deal with opposition and increase his control over the USSR in the 1930s? [5] (c) Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation in 1928 and how did it affect agriculture and the lives of peasants by 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. Reasons for collectivisation Changes to agriculture Changes to the lives of peasants G461H7 2204 [12] 7 [Turn over A3: United States of America c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about America in the 1920s. (a) (i) Give two ways in which cinema influenced lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s. (ii) Give two effects of Prohibition on American society in the 1920s. (b) (i) In what ways did the USA follow a policy of Isolationism in the 1920s? [4] [4] (ii) How did the motor car and consumer goods affect lifestyle and economic growth in the USA in the 1920s? [5] (c) Explain how and why many people in the USA did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s. Use the following to explain your answer. Farmers and sharecroppers Workers in old industries Immigrants and Black Americans G461H7 2204 [12] 8 8 This question is about the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) (i) Give two reasons why share prices in the USA increased rapidly between 1927 and 1929. (ii) Give two ways in which the use of tariffs affected the American economy during the Depression. [4] (b) (i) How did the Wall Street Crash affect American industry and the banking system by 1932? [4] (ii) How were the lives of farmers and the unemployed affected by the Depression? [5] (c) How did Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression and why did he lose the election for President in 1932? Use the following to explain your answer. Hoover s actions towards industry and employment Hoover s actions towards agriculture and trade Reasons for Hoover s defeat in the election G461H7 2204 9 [12] [Turn over 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the banking and Stock Exchange system were reformed by Roosevelt. (ii) Give two examples of the impact of the National Recovery Administration on industry in the USA between 1933 and 1939. [4] (b) (i) How did the Tennessee Valley Authority improve the lives of some Americans by 1939? [4] (ii) How did the New Deal tackle the problems of unemployment in the USA between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did many Americans criticise the New Deal between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. The Constitution and the power of the President Cost to taxpayers and employers Failure to help disadvantaged groups G461H7 2204 [12] 10 Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 11 to page 13. Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 14 to page 16. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships in the 1930s. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Eire adopted a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War Two. (ii) Give two examples of how the government of Northern Ireland responded to the threat of war between 1938 and 1939. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the British government prepare for war before 1939? [4] (ii) Explain how Britain s policy of appeasement towards Germany changed between 1938 and 1939. [5] (c) In the 1930s there was an Economic War between Eire and Britain. (i) Explain why there was an Economic War during the 1930s. [6] (ii) What effects did the Economic War have on the economy of Eire and why did the Economic War end in 1938? [6] G461H7 2204 11 [Turn over 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. (a) (i) Give two examples of how Britain tried to persuade Eire to abandon neutrality and enter World War Two. (ii) Give two examples of how the government of Eire responded to the Blitz in Belfast. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the government of Eire deal with the IRA and the Blueshirts during World War Two? [4] (ii) In what ways did World War Two affect the lives of people in Northern Ireland? [5] (c) From 1939 to 1945 Britain was at war with Germany. (i) Explain why and how Northern Ireland s naval and air bases made an important contribution to Britain s war effort during World War Two. [6] (ii) Explain why Northern Ireland s industry and agriculture were important to Britain s war effort during World War Two. [6] G461H7 2204 12 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. (a) (i) Give two problems faced by people in Northern Ireland before the introduction of the Welfare State. (ii) Give two reasons why there was opposition in Northern Ireland to the introduction of the Welfare State. [4] (b) In 1949 the Republic of Ireland was declared and the Ireland Act was introduced. (i) How did the Declaration of the Republic in 1949 change the links between Britain and the Republic of Ireland? [4] (ii) How did nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland respond to the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act? [5] (c) After 1945 the policies of the British Government brought about great changes to life in Northern Ireland. (i) Explain the effects of changes in health, housing and education on the lives of people in Northern Ireland. [6] (ii) Explain how and why living standards in Northern Ireland differed from those in Eire between 1945 and 1949. [6] G461H7 2204 13 [Turn over B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) (i) Give two of the economic reforms introduced by O Neill in the 1960s. (ii) Give two reforms from O Neill s Five Point Programme of 22 November 1968. [4] (b) (i) What methods were used by NICRA to achieve its aims in 1968 and 1969? [4] (ii) How did the unionist government and the RUC respond to the Civil Rights Movement between 1968 and 1969? [5] (c) (i) Why and how did O Neill try to improve relations with the Republic of Ireland and nationalists in Northern Ireland in the 1960s? [6] (ii) Why and how did some unionists oppose O Neill s attempts to improve relations with the Republic of Ireland and nationalists in Northern Ireland? [6] G461H7 2204 14 14 This question is about the Prelude to Direct Rule. (a) (i) Give two terms of the Downing Street Declaration of August 1969. (ii) Give two reasons why British troops were sent to Northern Ireland in August 1969. [4] (b) (i) How did nationalists and unionists respond to the events of Bloody Sunday on 30 January 1972? [4] (ii) How did nationalist attitudes to the presence of British troops in Northern Ireland change between 1969 and 1971? [5] (c) (i) Why and how did the Provisional IRA emerge in 1969? [6] (ii) Why and how did internment lead to an increase in violence and support for paramilitary organisations by 1972? G461H7 2204 15 [6] [Turn over 15 This question is about the Search for a Solution. (a) (i) Give two terms of the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973. (ii) Give two actions taken by its opponents to bring down the Power-Sharing Executive in 1974. [4] (b) (i) How did nationalists react to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985? [4] (ii) How did unionists and nationalists respond to the suspension of Stormont in 1972? [5] (c) (i) Why did Republican prisoners go on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981? [6] (ii) Why and how did the British and Irish governments react to the rise of Sinn Fein between 1981 and 1985? [6] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER SP (NF) T24136/4

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