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UK GCSE 2006 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 1

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 1 Higher Tier G4603 History [G4603] WEDNESDAY 31 MAY, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in parts (b) and (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. G461H6 1585 Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either Or Or A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 2 to page 4 A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 5 to page 7 A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 8 to page 10 A1: Germany c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) (i) Give two reasons why many Germans disliked the Treaty of Versailles. (ii) Give two ways in which the Weimar Republic was challenged between 1919 and 1923. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 change the lives of people in Germany? [4] (ii) How did Stresemann deal with the hyperinflation crisis between 1923 and 1924? [5] (c) How and why were the Nazis able to come to power between 1929 and 1933? Use the following to explain your answer. The impact of the Great Depression The actions of Weimar politicians Appeal of Hitler and the Nazis G461H6 1585 [12] 2 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. (a) (i) Give two examples of how the lives of workers in Germany changed under the Nazis. (ii) Give two examples of how the Nazis tried to control the churches in Germany. [4] (b) (i) How did Hitler strengthen his control over Germany in 1933? [4] (ii) How did the Nazi government use propaganda to help it control Germany between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did the lives of women and Jews change in Germany between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. Nazi views about women and Jews Nazi actions towards women Nazi actions towards Jews G461H6 1585 [12] 3 [Turn over 3 This question is about Nazi foreign policy. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Hitler wanted to take over the Sudetenland. (ii) Give two reasons why Hitler wanted to unite Germany and Austria. (b) (i) How was Hitler able to remilitarise the Rhineland in 1936? [4] [4] (ii) How did Hitler break the military terms of the Treaty of Versailles between 1933 and 1935? [5] (c) Explain how and why Germany went to war against Britain and France in 1939 and the USSR in 1941. Use the following to explain your answer. The invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 The Nazi-Soviet Pact and the invasion of Poland Operation Barbarossa G461H6 1585 [12] 4 A2: Russia c1916 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) (i) Give two events of the February Revolution of 1917. (ii) Give two reasons why Rasputin was unpopular in Russia. [4] (b) (i) What problems did the Russian army face in World War One? [4] (ii) How were the lives of peasants and city workers affected by Russia s involvement in World War One? [5] (c) How and why did the Bolsheviks gain power in Russia in the October Revolution? Use the following to explain your answer. Weaknesses of the Provisional Government Ideas of the Bolsheviks Actions of Lenin and Trotsky G461H6 1585 [12] 5 [Turn over 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. (a) (i) Give two effects of War Communism on the lives of peasants in Russia between 1918 and 1921. (ii) Give two reasons for the Kronstadt Mutiny in March 1921. [4] (b) (i) How did the Bolsheviks try to maintain their control over Russia from the October Revolution to the outbreak of the Civil War? [4] (ii) How had the New Economic Policy changed the lives of people in Russia by 1924? [5] (c) How and why did the Red Army defeat the White Army in the Russian Civil War? Use the following to explain your answer. Red Army leadership and aims Red Army methods of control White Army weaknesses G461H6 1585 [12] 6 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. (a) (i) Give two reasons for Trotsky s failure to become ruler of Russia after Lenin s death. (ii) Give two tactics used by Stalin to become ruler of Russia after Lenin s death. (b) (i) How had the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939 affected the USSR by 1941? (ii) How did Stalin deal with opponents in the USSR in the 1930s? [4] [4] [5] (c) How and why was the USSR s economy affected by Stalin s policies between 1928 and 1941? Use the following to explain your answer. Aims of economic policies The Five Year Plans and effects on industry Collectivisation and effects on agriculture G461H6 1585 7 [12] [Turn over A3: United States of America c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about America in the 1920s. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the position of women in the USA changed in the 1920s. (ii) Give two reasons why farmers and sharecroppers in the USA did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s. [4] (b) (i) How did government policy and new methods of marketing help to bring about the economic boom of the 1920s? [4] (ii) How did the cinema and jazz music influence life in the USA in the 1920s? [5] (c) Why did many Americans oppose Prohibition and what problems did the American government face in enforcing Prohibition in the 1920s? Use the following to explain your answer. Reasons for opposition to Prohibition Ways used to break the Prohibition Law Methods used by the government to enforce the law G461H6 1585 8 [12] 8 This question is about the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) (i) Give two effects of the Depression on the lives of farmers and sharecroppers. (ii) Give two reasons for Roosevelt s victory in the 1932 election for President. [4] (b) (i) How did the Depression affect the lives of workers and the unemployed between 1929 and 1932? [4] (ii) How did President Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression between 1929 and 1932? [5] (c) Explain the causes of the Wall Street Crash and how it affected the US economy by 1932. Use the following to explain your answer. Weaknesses in the USA economy in the 1920s Speculation and the Wall Street Crash Effects of the Wall Street Crash on industry and banking G461H6 1585 9 [12] [Turn over 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. (a) (i) Give two reasons why the Republican Party and Big Business opposed the New Deal. (ii) Give two effects of World War Two on the economy of the USA between 1939 and 1941. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the Supreme Court cause problems for Roosevelt and the New Deal? [4] (ii) How did the New Deal try to solve the problems of industry and unemployment between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) Explain how and why the New Deal affected agriculture and the lives of farmers and sharecroppers in the USA between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. AAA: aims and achievements CCC and TVA: aims and achievements The Dust Bowl and experiences of sharecroppers G461H6 1585 10 [12] Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 11 to page 13. Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 14 to page 16. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships in the 1930s. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Britain appeased Germany in the 1930s. (ii) Give two reasons why Britain ended its policy of appeasement in 1939. [4] (b) (i) How did de Valera s actions lead to an Economic War between Britain and Eire between 1932 and 1938? [4] (ii) How did the Economic War affect the economy of Britain and Eire in the 1930s? [5] (c) (i) Explain the ways in which the government of Northern Ireland responded to the threat of war between 1938 and 1939. [6] (ii) Why did Eire follow a policy of neutrality on the outbreak of World War Two? G461H6 1585 11 [6] [Turn over 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. (a) (i) Give two examples of how naval and air bases in Northern Ireland supported the war effort. (ii) Give two examples of how the government of Eire dealt with the IRA during World War Two. [4] (b) (i) How did conscription lead to problems for the government of Northern Ireland? [4] (ii) In what ways did Eire follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two? (c) (i) Why was Belfast so badly affected by the Blitz? [5] [6] (ii) Explain the ways in which Britain defended itself from invasion from the outbreak of war in 1939 to September 1941. [6] G461H6 1585 12 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. (a) (i) Give two examples of how the standard of living in Eire differed from that in Northern Ireland between 1945 and 1949. (ii) Give two examples of housing problems in Northern Ireland between 1945 and 1949. [4] (b) (i) How did people in Northern Ireland respond to the introduction of the National Health Service? [4] (ii) How did the Welfare State change the lives of people in Northern Ireland? [5] (c) (i) Why and how did the Declaration of the Republic in 1949 change relations between Britain and the Republic of Ireland? [6] (ii) Explain the reactions in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to the Ireland Act of 1949. [6] G461H6 1585 13 [Turn over B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) (i) Give two reasons why the People s Democracy organised a civil rights march in January 1969. (ii) Give one nationalist and one unionist reaction to O Neill s attempt to improve relations with the Republic of Ireland. [4] (b) (i) How did O Neill try to improve relations with nationalists in Northern Ireland in the 1960s? [4] (ii) How did O Neill try to improve the economy of Northern Ireland in the 1960s? (c) (i) How and why did many nationalists support the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement? (ii) Why did O Neill resign as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1969? G461H6 1585 14 [5] [6] [6] 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct Rule. (a) (i) Give the name and aim of one new political party which emerged in Northern Ireland in the 1970s. (ii) Give one nationalist and one unionist reaction to the arrival of British troops in August 1969. (b) (i) How did nationalists respond to the events of Bloody Sunday? [4] [4] (ii) How did people in Northern Ireland respond to the introduction of internment in 1971? [5] (c) (i) Why were British troops sent on to the streets of Northern Ireland by the British Government in 1969? [6] (ii) How and why did the aims and methods of the IRA change between 1969 and 1972? [6] G461H6 1585 15 [Turn over 15 This question is about the search for a solution. (a) (i) Give two terms of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. (ii) Give two reasons why unionists were against the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. [4] (b) (i) How did the British Government and unionists react to the Hunger Strikes of 1980 and 1981? [4] (ii) How were Sinn Fein and the SDLP affected by the Hunger Strikes of 1980 and 1981? [5] (c) (i) Why and how was power-sharing introduced in Northern Ireland from 1973 to 1974? [6] (ii) How and why did the Power-Sharing Executive collapse in 1974? THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER SP (CW) T12239/3 [6]

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