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UK GCSE 2010 : History - Revised , Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 History Paper 1 Foundation Tier [G4601] WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number TIME 2 hours. Marks Section A 1 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Section B 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Marks 5342 Answer four questions only. Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. CONTENTS pages 1 2 3 Chosen Subject Area Germany Pages 3 14 Germany The Weimar Republic Germany Nazi Germany Germany Nazi policy towards Europe 3 6 7 10 11 14 4 5 6 Chosen Subject Area Russia Pages 15 26 Russia The Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions Russia Russia after the Revolution Russia Stalinist Russia 15 18 19 22 23 26 Chosen Subject Area USA Pages 27 38 7 8 9 USA 1920s America USA 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression USA Roosevelt and the New Deal 27 30 31 34 35 38 Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. Chosen Subject Area Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 39 50 10 Peace, War and Neutrality Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 11 Peace, War and Neutrality Experience of and Response to War 12 Peace, War and Neutrality Post-War Relationships 39 42 43 46 47 50 Chosen Subject Area Changing Relationships Pages 51 62 13 Changing Relationships Northern Ireland in the 1960s 14 Changing Relationships Prelude to Direct Rule 15 Changing Relationships The Search for a Solution 51 54 55 58 59 62 5342 2 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 3 to page 14 Or A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 15 to page 26 Or A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 27 to page 38. A1: Germany c1918 c1941. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) Below is a list of names associated with the Weimar Republic. Friedrich Ebert Ernst R hm General von Schleicher Adolf Hitler Walter Rathenau Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Germany s Foreign Minister assassinated in 1922 (ii) Chancellor of Germany before Hitler ______________________ [1] (iii) First President of the Weimar Republic ______________________ [1] (iv) Author of Mein Kampf ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the SA 5342 Walter Rathenau ______________________ ______________________ [1] 3 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why many Germans were opposed to the Weimar Republic. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which groups in Germany showed their opposition to the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1923. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923; Or The Weimar Republic, 1924 1933. Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923 (i) Why did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr in 1923? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were the lives of German people affected by the hyperinflation crisis of 1923? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Weimar Republic, 1924 1933 (i) Why did life get better for many Germans between 1924 and 1928? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 5 [Turn over (ii) How were each of the following affected by the Great Depression between 1929 and 1933? The German people The Weimar governments _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi Germany. SS Reichstag Fire Martin Niem ller Robert Ley Concentration Camps Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Leader of the German Labour Front Robert Ley ______________________ (ii) Leader of the Confessional Church ______________________ [1] (iii) Places where enemies of the Nazis were sent ______________________ [1] (iv) Group led by Himmler (v) Event in 1933 which was blamed on communists 5342 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 7 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why unemployment in Germany fell between 1933 and 1939. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the Nazis tried to control the lives of women in Germany between 1933 and 1939. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Jews in Germany, 1933 1939; Or Hitler s control over Germany, 1933 1939. Either Jews in Germany, 1933 1939 (i) Why did Hitler and the Nazis hate the Jews? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did the lives of Jews in Germany change between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Hitler s control over Germany, 1933 1939 (i) Why did Hitler order the Night of the Long Knives in 1934? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 9 [Turn over (ii) How did the Nazis use the following to increase their control over Germany between 1933 and 1939? Propaganda Violence _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with German foreign policy. Mussolini Russia Luftwaffe Blitzkrieg Four-Year Plan Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) 1936 plan to prepare Germany for war (ii) Italian leader in the 1930s ______________________ [1] (iii) Nazi method of taking over countries in World War Two ______________________ [1] (iv) Name of German air force ______________________ [1] (v) Country led by Joseph Stalin 5342 Four-Year Plan ______________________ ______________________ [1] 11 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. Examiner Only Marks _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why Hitler invaded the USSR in 1941. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either German military strength, 1933 1936; Or Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. Either German military strength, 1933 1936 (i) Why was Hitler able to remilitarise the Rhineland in 1936? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 12 Remark (ii) How did Hitler increase the strength of Germany s armed forces between 1933 and 1935? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia (i) Why did Hitler want to take over each of the following? The Sudetenland The rest of Czechoslovakia _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 13 [Turn over (ii) How were the Nazis able to take over each of the following? Examiner Only Marks The Sudetenland, 1938 The rest of Czechoslovakia, 1939 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A1 Germany c1918 c1941 5342 14 Remark A2: Russia c1916 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Russia in 1917. Kornilov Prince Lvov Kerensky Khabalev Putilov steel works Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Led the Tsar s garrison in Petrograd in February 1917 (ii) Leader of the Provisional Government from July to October 1917 Khabalev ______________________ ______________________ [1] (iii) Workers from this factory played an important part in the February Revolution (iv) Appointed head of the Russian army in July 1917 ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the Provisional Government from February to July 1917 5342 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 15 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Tsarina Alexandra was unpopular in Russia by 1916. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons for the unpopularity of Rasputin in Russia by 1916. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Russia and World War One; Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution. Either Russia and World War One (i) Why was the Russian army defeated in World War One? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were the lives of each of the following affected by World War One? Examiner Only Marks Remark Workers Peasants _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution (i) Why did the Provisional Government lose support in Russia in 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 17 [Turn over (ii) What actions did Lenin and the Bolsheviks take to gain control of Russia in October 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Russia in 1918. Trotsky Britain Poland Tsar Nicholas II Germany Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Country where the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed Poland ______________________ (ii) Murdered by the Bolsheviks in July 1918 ______________________ [1] (iii) Country with which Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1] (iv) Country that sent soldiers to Russia to fight against the Bolsheviks in the Civil War ______________________ [1] (v) Bolshevik leader who played a leading role in signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5342 ______________________ [1] 19 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Lenin closed the Constituent Assembly in January 1918. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two weaknesses of the White Army in the Civil War. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Civil War; Or War Communism and the New Economic Policy. Either The Civil War (i) Why was each of the following introduced in Russia during the Civil War? The Red Terror War Communism _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 20 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What were the effects of each of the following on the people of Russia during the Civil War? Examiner Only Marks Remark The Red Terror War Communism _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or War Communism and the New Economic Policy (i) Why was War Communism ended by Lenin in March 1921? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 21 [Turn over (ii) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of people in Russia by 1924? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 22 Examiner Only Marks Remark 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the policy of Collectivisation. Kulak Ukraine State Procurements Motor Tractor Station Kolkhoz Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Surplus grain that the peasants had to give to the government State Procurements ______________________ (ii) Name for a collective farm ______________________ [1] (iii) Name of better-off peasant who suffered during Collectivisation ______________________ [1] (iv) Area of Russia that experienced a severe famine, 1932 1933 ______________________ [1] (v) Organisation to provide machinery to collective farms ______________________ [1] 5342 23 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August 1939. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the Nazi-Soviet Pact on Stalin and the USSR. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Stalin s Economic Policies; Or Stalin s Rise to Power and Methods of Control. Either Stalin s Economic Policies (i) Why did Stalin introduce the Five-Year Plan in the USSR in 1928? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 24 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Five-Year Plans change industry and the lives of workers in the USSR by 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Stalin s Rise to Power and Methods of Control (i) Why was Stalin able to become leader of the USSR by 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 25 [Turn over (ii) What methods did Stalin use to increase control over the USSR in the 1930s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A2 Russia c1916 c1941 5342 26 Examiner Only Marks Remark A3: United States of America c1918 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about the main features of life in 1920s America. (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the growth of industry in the USA in the 1920s. Henry Ford Consumer Goods Assembly Line Detroit Tin Lizzie Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Name for the most popular car produced in the 1920s Tin Lizzie ______________________ (ii) Industrialist who developed the motor car industry in the1920s ______________________ [1] (iii) New method to speed up production of motor cars ______________________ [1] (iv) City which became the centre of the motor car industry ______________________ [1] (v) Name given to labour-saving goods which were developed in the 1920s ______________________ [1] 5342 27 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the USA followed a policy of Isolationism in the 1920s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two problems faced by Black Americans in the 1920s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Immigration and Prohibition; Or The Economic Boom and Social Life in the 1920s. Either Immigration and Prohibition (i) Why did immigrants face hostility in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 28 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Prohibition affect life in the USA in the 1920s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Economic Boom and Social Life in the 1920s (i) Why did some groups in the USA fail to benefit from the economic boom in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 29 [Turn over (ii) How did the cinema and jazz music influence lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 30 Examiner Only Marks Remark 8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the Wall Street Crash. On the Margin New York Stock Speculator brokers Confidence Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Person who bought shares for a quick profit Speculator ______________________ (ii) City where the American Stock Exchange was situated ______________________ [1] (iii) Dealers who bought and sold shares for investors ______________________ [1] (iv) Belief that the value of shares and economic prosperity would continue to increase ______________________ [1] (v) Method of buying shares by paying a 10% deposit ______________________ [1] 5342 31 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why many American banks collapsed after October 1929. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the lives of farmers and sharecroppers were affected by the Depression. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Causes of the Depression and Hoover s Actions; Or Hoover s Defeat and Effects of the Depression. Either Causes of the Depression and Hoover s Actions (i) Why did an economic depression take place in the USA between 1929 and 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 32 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did President Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression on industry and agriculture between 1929 and 1932? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Hoover s Defeat and Effects of the Depression (i) Why was Hoover defeated in the election for President in 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 33 [Turn over (ii) How did the Depression affect the lives of workers and the unemployed between 1929 and 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 34 Examiner Only Marks Remark 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the New Deal. Beer Act Relief, Recovery and Reform Emergency The Hundred Banking Act Days Action and Action Now Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) The guiding principles of the New Deal Relief, Recovery and Reform _________________________ (ii) The name given to the emergency measures taken by President Roosevelt in 1933 ______________________ [1] (iii) The end of Prohibition ______________________ [1] (iv) Method of restoring people s confidence in the banking system ______________________ [1] (v) Slogan used by Roosevelt to show that he intended to end the Depression ______________________ [1] 5342 35 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Dr Townsend opposed the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions resulting from the New Deal which improved the rights of workers in the USA. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Unemployment; Or Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Agriculture. Either Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Unemployment (i) Why did Big Business and the Republican Party oppose the New Deal? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 36 Remark (ii) How did the New Deal agencies deal with the problem of unemployment in the USA between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Agriculture (i) Explain why the Supreme Court caused problems for Roosevelt and the New Deal. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 37 [Turn over (ii) In what ways did the New Deal agencies improve agriculture and the lives of farmers between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 End of Section A 5342 38 Examiner Only Marks Remark Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 39 to page 50 Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 51 to page 62. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two. (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the 1937 Constitution. Douglas Hyde The Catholic Church Taoiseach Referendum Dail Eireann Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Name of the first President of Eire (ii) Leader of the government of Eire ______________________ [1] (iii) Vote by people in Eire to approve the 1937 Constitution ______________________ [1] (iv) Name of the Irish Parliament ______________________ [1] (v) Organisation given special recognition in Eire in the 1937 Constitution 5342 Douglas Hyde ______________________ ______________________ [1] 39 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1938. Examiner Only Marks _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two terms of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1938. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Economic War; Or The Outbreak of War, 1939. Either The Economic War (i) Explain why the Economic War began in 1932. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 40 Remark (ii) How did the Economic War affect the economy and lives of people in Eire between 1932 and 1938? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Outbreak of War, 1939 (i) Why did Eire adopt a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 41 [Turn over (ii) How did Britain abandon appeasement and prepare for the outbreak of war in September 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 42 Examiner Only Marks Remark 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the war effort in Britain and Northern Ireland. Air-Raid Anderson Rationing Evacuation Precaution Shelters Wardens Smuggling Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) People who enforced defence measures Air-Raid Precaution Wardens ______________________ (ii) Bringing in food and fuel illegally from Eire during the war ______________________ [1] (iii) A way of dividing scarce resources, for example, food ______________________ [1] (iv) Bunkers to protect civilians against German bombs ______________________ [1] (v) Moving children from cities to safer places in the countryside 5342 ______________________ [1] 43 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why conscription was not introduced in Northern Ireland during World War Two. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which industry in Northern Ireland helped Britain s war effort. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Blitz; Or Battle of Britain and Eire s Neutrality. Either The Blitz (i) Why did the German air force bomb Belfast in April and May 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 44 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Blitz of April and May 1941 affect Belfast? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Battle of Britain and Eire s Neutrality (i) Why did Britain win the Battle of Britain in 1940? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 45 [Turn over (ii) How did Eire try to follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 46 Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below are the names of important politicians in Britain and Eire after 1945. John Costello Lord Beveridge Eamon De Valera Clement Atlee Lord Brookeborough Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Taoiseach of Eire in 1949 (ii) British Prime Minister who introduced the Welfare State ______________________ [1] (iii) Taoiseach of Eire until 1948 ______________________ [1] (iv) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland after 1945 ______________________ [1] (v) His report led to the creation of the Welfare State 5342 John Costello ______________________ ______________________ [1] 47 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the poor standard of housing in Northern Ireland in 1945. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two changes made to the system of education in Northern Ireland after 1945. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Welfare State; Or Constitutional Changes in 1949. Either The Welfare State (i) Why did people in Northern Ireland have differing views about the introduction of the Welfare State? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 48 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What effects did the Welfare State have on the lives of people in Northern Ireland by 1949? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Constitutional Changes in 1949 (i) Why was each of the following introduced in 1949? The Declaration of the Republic The Ireland Act _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 49 [Turn over (ii) How did the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act, 1949 change relations between each of the following? Britain and the Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Britain and Northern Ireland _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B1 Peace, War and Neutrality c1932 c1949 5342 50 Examiner Only Marks Remark B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This is a question about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Northern Ireland in the 1960s. Five-Point Programme Sean Lemass Ministry of Development RUC Brian Faulkner Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Set up to improve the economy of Northern Ireland (ii) Police force in Northern Ireland ______________________ [1] (iii) This aimed to help nationalists in Northern Ireland ______________________ [1] (iv) A unionist politician ______________________ [1] (v) Irish leader who visited Northern Ireland 5342 Ministry of Development ______________________ ______________________ [1] 51 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was formed in 1967. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two occasions when trouble broke out during civil rights marches in the 1960s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either O Neill and the Economy of Northern Ireland; Or Unionist Opposition to O Neill. Either O Neill and the Economy of Northern Ireland (i) Why did O Neill want to improve the economy in Northern Ireland in the 1960s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 52 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did O Neill attempt to improve the economy of Northern Ireland in the 1960s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Unionist Opposition to O Neill (i) Why did many unionists oppose O Neill and his policies? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 53 [Turn over (ii) In what ways did many unionists show their opposition to O Neill and his policies? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 54 Examiner Only Marks Remark 14 This question is about the Prelude to Direct Rule. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. SDLP Oliver Napier Provisional IRA Stormont Bogside Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Leader of the Alliance Party (ii) This group was formed in 1970 ______________________ [1] (iii) Place where violence broke out in the summer of 1969 ______________________ [1] (iv) Nationalist political party set up in 1970 ______________________ [1] (v) Place where the Northern Ireland government met 5342 Oliver Napier ______________________ ______________________ [1] 55 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the formation of the Democratic Unionist Party in 1971. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of Bloody Sunday, 30th January 1972. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Internment; The Increasing Violence of 1969 and Britain s Response. Or Either Internment (i) Why was internment introduced in Northern Ireland in 1971? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 56 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did each of the following respond to the introduction of internment? Examiner Only Marks Remark Nationalists Unionists _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 57 [Turn over Or The Increasing Violence of 1969 and Britain s Response (i) Why did many nationalists in Northern Ireland welcome the following in the summer of 1969? The arrival of British troops in Northern Ireland The Downing Street Declaration _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] (ii) In what ways did violence increase in Northern Ireland in the summer of 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 5342 58 Examiner Only Marks Remark 15 This question is about the Search for a Solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the search for a solution. Edward Heath New Ireland Forum Bobby Sands SDLP Sunningdale Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) An attempt to solve political problems in Northern Ireland (ii) Place where politicians met to set up a Power-Sharing Executive ______________________ [1] (iii) British Prime Minister who suspended the Stormont government ______________________ [1] (iv) Leader of the 1981 Hunger Strike ______________________ [1] (v) Nationalist party which supported the Anglo-Irish Agreement 5342 New Ireland Forum ______________________ ______________________ [1] 59 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why republican prisoners went on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions taken by nationalists to support the Hunger Strike of 1981. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Unionists and the Anglo-Irish Agreement; Or Power-sharing, 1973 1974. Either Unionists and the Anglo-Irish Agreement. (i) Why did many unionists oppose the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 60 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did unionists oppose the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Power-sharing, 1973 1974 (i) Why was power-sharing introduced to Northern Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 5342 61 [Turn over (ii) How did unionists react to the Power-Sharing Executive set up in 1974? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B2 Changing Relationships c1965 c1985 End of Section B THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 5342 62 Examiner Only Marks Remark 5342

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