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UK GCSE 2010 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 1

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General Certificate of Secondary Education Paper 1 Higher Tier [G4603] G4603 History *G4603* 2010 WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in parts (b) and (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 5343 Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either Or Or A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 2 to page 4 A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 5 to page 7 A3 United States of America c1917 c1941 page 8 to page 10 A1: Germany c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) (i) Give two ways in which Germany was affected by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. (ii) Give two ways in which the lives of Germans were affected by the hyperinflation crisis of 1923. [4] (b) (i) How did Hitler and the Nazis try to seize power in November 1923? (ii) How had Germany recovered from the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 by 1928? [4] [5] (c) How and why did the Weimar Governments collapse between October 1929 and January 1933? Use the following to explain your answer: Weaknesses in the Weimar Constitution Actions of Weimar Governments, 1929 1933 Growth of the Nazis, 1929 1933 5343 [12] 2 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the Nazis used propaganda to increase their control of Germany between 1933 and 1939. (ii) Give two ways in which the Nazis reduced unemployment in Germany between 1933 and 1939. [4] (b) (i) How did Hitler increase his control over Germany in 1934? [4] (ii) In what ways did life change for Jewish people in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did the lives of women and young people change in Germany between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer: Nazi ideas about women and young people Changes to the lives of women Changes to education and youth groups 5343 3 [12] [Turn over 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland in 1936. (ii) Give two reasons why Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August 1939. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did Hitler break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles between 1933 and 1935? [4] (ii) How was Hitler able to take control of Austria by 1938? [5] (c) How and why did Hitler attempt to increase the land controlled by Germany in 1938 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer: Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland 5343 [12] 4 A2: Russia c1916 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolution. (a) (i) Give one effect of the July Days, 1917 on each of the following: The Provisional Government The Bolsheviks (ii) Give one effect of the Kornilov Revolt, August 1917 on each of the following: The Provisional Government The Bolsheviks [4] (b) (i) How did the policies of the Provisional Government increase its unpopularity within Russia by October 1917? [4] (ii) What actions did Lenin and the Bolsheviks take to gain control of Russia in October 1917? [5] (c) Explain how and why Russia s involvement in World War One led to the downfall of Tsar Nicholas II in February 1917. Use the following to explain your answer: Military weaknesses Economic effects Actions of Tsar Nicholas, Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin 5343 5 [12] [Turn over 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. (a) (i) Give two actions taken by the Bolsheviks to increase their control over Russia from October 1917 to June 1918. (ii) Give one reason why Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and one effect of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on Russia. [4] (b) (i) How did the weaknesses and mistakes of the White Army lead to its defeat in the Russian Civil War? [4] (ii) How did the strengths of the Red Army help the Bolsheviks win the Russian Civil War? [5] (c) Why was the New Economic Policy introduced in 1921 and how did it affect the economy and lives of people in Russia by 1924? Use the following to explain your answer: Reasons for introducing the New Economic Policy Effects on industry and the lives of workers Effects on agriculture and the lives of peasants 5343 6 [12] 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Stalin introduced the Five-Year Plan in the USSR in 1928. (ii) Give two ways in which the Five-Year Plans had changed the economy in the USSR by 1941. [4] (b) (i) How did Stalin become leader of the USSR by 1929? [4] (ii) How did relations between the USSR and Germany change between 1939 and 1941? [5] (c) How and why did agriculture and the lives of peasants change between 1928 and 1941? Use the following to explain your answer: Reasons for changes in agriculture Main features of Collectivisation Effects of Collectivisation on agriculture and the lives of peasants 5343 7 [12] [Turn over A3: United States of America c1917 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about America in the 1920s. (a) (i) Give two effects of the cinema on the lives of Americans in the 1920s. (ii) Give two ways in which the lives of women in the USA changed in the 1920s. (b) (i) What problems did immigrants to the USA face in the 1920s? (ii) In what ways did the USA experience an economic boom in the 1920s? [4] [4] [5] (c) Why was Prohibition introduced in the USA in 1920 and how did Prohibition affect the lives of Americans in the 1920s? Use the following to explain your answer: Reasons for the introduction of Prohibition Methods used to avoid Prohibition Organised crime and government response 5343 8 [12] 8 This question is about the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) (i) Give two reasons why most Americans voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt in the election for President in 1932. (ii) Give two effects of the Depression on agriculture in the USA between 1929 and 1932. [4] (b) (i) How did the Depression affect the lives of the unemployed in the USA by 1932? [4] (ii) How did Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression between 1929 and 1932? [5] (c) What caused the Wall Street Crash, October 1929 and how did it effect investors and the banking system? Use the following to explain your answer: Weaknesses in the American economy and banking system Speculation and the events of the Wall Street Crash Effects of the Wall Street Crash on investors and the banking system 5343 9 [12] [Turn over 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the New Deal improved workers rights. (ii) Give two ways in which World War Two affected the US economy between 1939 and 1941. [4] (b) (i) How did the New Deal affect agriculture and the lives of farmers between 1933 and 1939? [4] (ii) How did the New Deal attempt to deal with the problem of unemployment between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did different groups oppose Roosevelt and the New Deal between 1933 and 1939? Use the following to explain your answer: The Supreme Court Big Business and the Republican Party Opponents within the Democratic Party 5343 10 [12] Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 11 to page 13. Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 14 to page 16. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships in the 1930s. (a) (i) Give two terms of the 1937 Constitution. (ii) Give two terms of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1938. [4] (b) (i) How did Britain prepare for war before September 1939? [4] (ii) How did De Valera dismantle the Anglo-Irish Treaty between 1932 and 1936? [5] (c) (i) Why did the Economic War begin and how did it affect the economy of Eire? [6] (ii) How and why did Northern Ireland and Eire differ in their responses to the outbreak of World War Two? [6] 5343 11 [Turn over 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Germany failed to achieve its aims in the Battle of Britain. (ii) Give two ways in which naval and air bases in Northern Ireland helped the British war effort. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the issue of conscription cause problems in Northern Ireland during World War Two? (ii) How was life in Eire affected by World War Two? [4] [5] (c) (i) Why was Belfast a target for German planes in 1941 and what were the effects of the Blitz on Belfast? [6] (ii) How and why were Northern Ireland s industry and agriculture affected by World War Two? [6] 5343 12 12 This question is about Post-war Relationships. (a) (i) Give two effects of the introduction of the National Health Service on the lives of people in Northern Ireland. (ii) Give two ways in which the Education Act of 1947 changed the system of education in Northern Ireland. [4] (b) (i) How did unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland react to the Declaration of the Republic in 1949? [4] (ii) How did people in Northern Ireland differ in their attitude towards the introduction of the Welfare State? [5] (c) (i) What were the main problems faced by Eire between 1945 and 1949 and how did these affect the lives of its people? [6] (ii) How and why were relations between Northern Ireland, Britain and the Republic of Ireland affected by the Ireland Act of 1949? [6] 5343 13 [Turn over B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) (i) Give two reforms from the Five-Point Programme introduced by O Neill in 1968. (ii) Give one nationalist response and one unionist response to the Five-Point Programme introduced by O Neill. [4] (b) (i) How did the civil rights movement attempt to secure fairer treatment for Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland between 1967 and 1969? [4] (ii) How did O Neill attempt to improve the economy of Northern Ireland in the 1960s? [5] (c) (i) Why and how did O Neill attempt to build better relations with nationalists in Northern Ireland by 1967? [6] (ii) Why and how were unionists divided in their attitudes to O Neill s attempts to build closer relations with the Irish Republic in the 1960s? [6] 5343 5343 14 14 This question is about the Prelude to Direct Rule. (a) (i) Give one reason why the SDLP was formed and one reason why the Alliance Party was formed. (ii) Give two results of Bloody Sunday, 30th January 1972. [4] (b) (i) What measures were introduced by the Downing Street Declaration of August 1969 to address problems in Northern Ireland? [4] (ii) How did violence increase in Northern Ireland during the summer of 1969? [5] (c) (i) Why was the Provisional IRA formed and how did the government of Northern Ireland attempt to deal with it by August 1971? [6] (ii) How and why did nationalists react to the introduction of internment in August 1971? [6] 5343 15 [Turn over 15 This question is about the Search for a Solution. (a) (i) Give two reasons why the British government decided to suspend Stormont in 1972. (ii) Give two reasons why republican prisoners in Northern Ireland decided to go on hunger strike in the early 1980s. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did nationalists in Northern Ireland respond to the Hunger Strike of 1981? [4] (ii) How did unionists react to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? (c) (i) Why and how did unionists respond to the introduction of Direct Rule in 1972? [5] [6] (ii) Why and how did attempts to establish power-sharing in Northern Ireland in 1973 and 1974 fail? [6] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 5343

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