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UK GCSE 2007 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 2

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 2 Higher Tier G4604 History [G4604] FRIDAY 8 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer two questions. Answer Section A and one question from Section B. There is a choice in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Resource Booklet referring to question 1 accompanies this paper. G462H7R 2626 For question 1 refer to the source material in the Resource Booklet. Section A 1 This section is about the Korean War. (a) Study Source A. What does Source A tell us about worries which the US Government had about Korea? [4] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source C support the view in Source B that Kim Il Sung had been directed to invade South Korea by Stalin ? [6] (c) Study Source C. How reliable and useful is Source C in explaining Russia s role in the outbreak of the Korean War? [8] (d) Study Sources B, C and D. Source A states that here in Korea, the Communists (Russians) have made their bid for world conquest . Using Sources B, C and D and your own knowledge, explain whether or not this is a fair interpretation of the reasons for the outbreak of war in Korea in 1950. [12] G462H7R 2626 2 Section B Answer one question from this section. Answer both parts of the question. 2 This question is about the Cold War in Europe between 1945 and 1968. (a) Explain how and why the USSR increased its control over Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1949. [18] (b) How did the USSR deal with attempts to challenge its control over Eastern Europe between 1956 and 1968? [12] 3 This question is about the Vietnam War. (a) Explain how and why the USA became involved in Vietnam between 1954 and 1965. [18] (b) How did the USA lose the war in Vietnam between 1968 and 1975? 4 [12] This question is about the Cuban Missile Crisis. (a) Explain how and why the USA and the USSR came close to nuclear war over Cuba in 1962. [18] (b) In what ways did the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 affect relations between the USA and the USSR? [12] G462H7R 2626 3 SP (NF) T47587/3 (R) General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 2 Foundation and Higher Tiers [G4602] [G4604] FRIDAY 8 JUNE, AFTERNOON RESOURCE BOOKLET G462FH7R 2627 G4602G4604 History Source Materials: The Korean War Source A: US Government statement about the Korean War of 1950 1953, in 1950 Here in Korea the Communists (Russians) have made their bid for world conquest. Korea is a symbol to the watching world. If we lose the war to Communism in Asia, the fall of Europe is certain. If we allow Korea to fall under the control of the Russians, the world will feel that we have lost another round in our match with them. Our reputation as the defender of the free world will suffer. Source: US Government 1950 (adapted) Source B: Modern historian writing about the Korean War of 1950 1953, in 1997 Political leaders in the USA believed that Kim Il Sung had been directed to invade South Korea by Stalin. China had also given support to Kim s invasion plans. The USA could not accept that the decision had been made by Kim alone. The crossing of the 38th parallel by North Korean troops was seen as a clear example of Russian attempts to spread communism. If the USA did nothing in Korea, then neighbouring states would fall to Communism. Truman stated: If we let Korea down, the Russians will keep right on going and swallow up one piece of Asia after another and Europe will be next . . . Source: The USA and the Cold War: Oliver Edwards 1997 Source C: Nikita Khrushchev, ex-leader of the USSR writing about the Korean War of 1950 1953, in 1971 Kim Il Sung was the mastermind behind the war in Korea. He wished to unite both North and South under his control. Stalin persuaded him that he should think carefully before attacking South Korea. Kim Il Sung told Stalin that he was certain of success. I remember that Stalin had his doubts. He was worried that the USA would get involved. However he gave Kim the go-ahead and agreed to send military supplies and advisers to North Korea. Source: Nikita Khrushchev: Khrushchev Remembers, An Autobiography 1971 G462FH7R 2627 2 Source D: Map showing Korea at the outbreak of the Korean War of 1950 1953 VE R CHINA RUSSIA RI U AL Y North Korea 38th parallel Inchon South Korea Pusan pocket Sept 1950 Pusan JAPAN US bases Korea at the outbreak of war 1950 Source: taken from L. Kwasniewska, Superpower Rivalry, Colourpoint Press 1997 G462FH7R 2627 3 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. SP (NF/CGW) T47564/3 (R)

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