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UK GCSE 2009 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 1

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General Certificate of Secondary Education Paper 1 Higher Tier [G4603] G4603 History *G4603* 2009 WEDNESDAY 27 MAY, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in parts (b) and (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 4341 Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either Or Or A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 2 to page 4 A2 Russia c1916 c1941 page 5 to page 7 A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 8 to page 10 A1: Germany c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) (i) Give two weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution. (ii) Give two ways in which the Weimar Republic dealt with violent opposition between 1919 and 1922. [4] (b) (i) What methods did the Nazi Party use to win support in Germany between 1924 and 1928? [4] (ii) How did the actions of Weimar politicians after 1929 help Hitler to become Chancellor of Germany in 1933? [5] (c) How and why was Germany affected by economic problems between 1918 and October 1929? Use the following to explain your answer. Impact of World War One and the Treaty of Versailles Hyperinflation crisis of 1923 Dawes Plan and significance of foreign loans 4341 2 [12] 2 This question is about Life in Nazi Germany. (a) (i) Give two ways in which Hitler consolidated his power in Germany in 1934. (ii) Give two ways in which the Nazis used the Police State to control people s lives in Germany between 1933 and 1939. [4] (b) (i) How did the Nazis use propaganda to control people s lives in Germany between 1933 and 1939? [4] (ii) In what ways did life change for young people in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939? [5] (c) How and why did Hitler and the Nazis change the lives of workers and Jews in Germany from 1933 to 1939? Use the following to explain your answer. Nazi ideas about workers and Jews Nazi actions towards workers Nazi actions towards Jews 4341 [12] 3 [Turn over 3 This question is about German Foreign Policy. (a) (i) Give two reasons why Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. (ii) Give two reasons why Hitler invaded Russia in 1941. (b) (i) How did Hitler restore German military power between 1933 and 1935? (ii) How was Hitler able to take over Czechoslovakia between 1938 and 1939? [4] [4] [5] (c) How and why did Hitler break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles from 1936 to 1938? Use the following to explain your answer. Why Hitler wanted control of the Rhineland and Austria Remilitarisation of the Rhineland Anschluss with Austria 4341 [12] 4 A2: Russia c1916 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) (i) Give two events of the February Revolution of 1917. (ii) Give two effects of the July Days, 1917. [4] (b) (i) How did World War One change attitudes towards Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra? (ii) How did World War One affect the lives of people in Russia? [4] [5] (c) How and why did the Provisional Government lose control of Russia in October 1917? Use the following to explain your answer. Weaknesses and policies of the Provisional Government The Kornilov Revolt and its effects Actions of Lenin and Trotsky 4341 [12] 5 [Turn over 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. (a) (i) Give two effects of War Communism on the lives of peasants in Russia between 1918 and 1921. (ii) Give one reason for and one result of the Kronstadt Mutiny. [4] (b) (i) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of peasants in Russia between 1921 and 1924? [4] (ii) What actions did the Bolsheviks take to increase their control over Russia from the October Revolution until the outbreak of the Civil War? [5] (c) How and why did the White Army lose the Russian Civil War? Use the following to explain your answer. Weaknesses of the White Army Strengths of the Red Army Lenin s policies to help the Red Army 4341 6 [12] 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. (a) (i) Give one reason for and one result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, August 1939. (ii) Give one reason for the German invasion of the USSR and one reason for Germany s failure to defeat the USSR in 1941. [4] (b) (i) How did Collectivisation affect agriculture and the lives of peasants in the USSR by 1939? [4] (ii) How did Stalin deal with political opposition in the 1930s? [5] (c) Why did Stalin introduce the Five Year Plans in 1928 and how did they affect industry and the lives of workers in the USSR by 1941? Use the following to explain your answer. Reasons for the Five Year Plans Effects on industry Effects on the lives of workers 4341 [12] 7 [Turn over A3: United States of America c1918 c1941 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about America in the 1920s. (a) (i) Give two reasons for the failure of Prohibition in the USA in the 1920s. (ii) Give two reasons why the USA followed a policy of isolationism in the 1920s. (b) (i) How did the motor car industry affect the American economy in the 1920s? [4] [4] (ii) How did the cinema and jazz music influence attitudes and lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s? [5] (c) How and why did immigrants and Black Americans face hostility in the USA in the 1920s? Use the following to explain your answer. Reasons for hostility towards immigrants and Black Americans Actions against immigrants Actions against Black Americans 4341 [12] 8 8 This question is about the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) (i) Give one effect of each of the following on the American economy. Tariffs Unequal division of wealth (ii) Give two effects of the Depression on the lives of farmers and sharecroppers. [4] (b) (i) How did problems with share dealing and banking lead to the Wall Street Crash in October 1929? [4] (ii) How were the lives of city workers and the unemployed affected by the Depression? [5] (c) Explain how and why Hoover failed to deal with the effects of the Depression between 1929 and 1932. Use the following to explain your answer. Personality and beliefs of Hoover Actions towards industry and the unemployed Actions towards agriculture and farmers 4341 9 [12] [Turn over 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. (a) (i) Give two actions taken by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration to deal with the problems of agriculture and farmers. (ii) Give two actions taken by the Tennessee Valley Authority to deal with the problems of the Tennessee Valley between 1933 and 1939. [4] (b) (i) In what ways did the New Deal fail to improve the lives of some groups in the USA in the 1930s? [4] (ii) How did the Supreme Court and the Republican Party cause problems for Roosevelt and the New Deal? [5] (c) Explain how and why the New Deal affected industry and the lives of workers. Use the following to explain your answer. Roosevelt s ideas on the economy and the Depression Agencies dealing with industry and the unemployed Agencies dealing with workers rights 4341 10 [12] Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 11 to page 13. Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 14 to page 16. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships in the 1930s. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 was changed by de Valera. (ii) Give two reasons why Eire adopted a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War Two. [4] (b) (i) How did the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1938 end the Economic War? [4] (ii) In what ways did Britain follow, and then abandon, its policy of appeasement towards Germany in the 1930s? [5] (c) (i) Explain how the Economic War affected the economies of Britain, Northern Ireland and Eire. [6] (ii) Explain how Britain prepared for war before 1939. 4341 11 [6] [Turn over 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. (a) (i) Give two examples of how the government of Eire followed a policy of neutrality during World War Two. (ii) Give two effects of World War Two on the lives of people in Eire. (b) (i) In what ways did the RAF help to defend Britain during World War Two? [4] [4] (ii) In what ways did the blackout and rationing affect the lives of people in Northern Ireland during World War Two? [5] (c) (i) Explain how and why the Blitz on Belfast in 1941 caused so much loss of life and damage. [6] (ii) Explain how and why Northern Ireland s industry and agriculture were important to the war effort during World War Two. [6] 4341 12 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. (a) (i) Give two problems faced by the people of Northern Ireland before the introduction of the National Health Service. (ii) Give two reasons why some groups in Northern Ireland opposed the introduction of the Welfare State. [4] (b) (i) How did the Declaration of the Republic in 1949 change the relationship between Britain and the Republic of Ireland? [4] (ii) How did people in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland respond to the Declaration of the Republic in 1949? [5] (c) (i) Explain how and why changes in health and housing affected the lives of people in Northern Ireland between 1945 and 1949. [6] (ii) Explain how and why the standard of living in Northern Ireland differed from that of Eire between 1945 and 1949. [6] 4341 13 [Turn over B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) (i) Give two ways in which the RUC responded to civil rights marches between August 1968 and January 1969. (ii) Give two consequences of the Crossroads Election of February 1969. [4] (b) (i) How did O Neill attempt to improve relations with the Republic of Ireland between 1963 and 1969? [4] (ii) In what ways did some unionists challenge O Neill and his policies in the late 1960s? (c) (i) Why and how did O Neill attempt to improve the economy of Northern Ireland between 1963 and 1969? (ii) Why and how did many nationalists support the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association in the late 1960s? 4341 14 [5] [6] [6] 14 This question is about the Prelude to Direct Rule. (a) (i) Give two reasons why the Democratic Unionist Party was formed in 1971. (ii) Give the name and one aim of a loyalist paramilitary group which emerged before 1972. [4] (b) (i) How did the aims and methods of the Provisional IRA differ from those of the Official IRA? [4] (ii) How did relations between the British army and nationalists change between 1969 and 1971? [5] (c) (i) Explain how and why the British government responded to the outbreak of violence in Northern Ireland in the summer of 1969. [6] (ii) Explain how and why nationalists and unionists reacted to the events of Bloody Sunday, 1972. 4341 15 [6] [Turn over 15 This question is about the Search for a Solution. (a) (i) Give two proposals made by the New Ireland Forum in 1983. (ii) Give two reasons for the introduction of the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985. (b) (i) How did many unionists oppose the introduction of Direct Rule in 1972? [4] [4] (ii) In what ways did unionists challenge the Power-Sharing Executive between 1973 and 1974? [5] (c) (i) Why and how did many nationalists in Northern Ireland support the hunger strikers of 1981? [6] (ii) Why and how was there opposition in Northern Ireland to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4341 16 [6] T63549/5

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